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1 #LyX 1.6.7 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/ 2 \lyxformat 345 3 \begin_document 4 \begin_header 5 \textclass scrartcl 6 \begin_preamble 7 \usepackage{tikz} 8 \usepackage{pgffor} 9 \end_preamble 10 \options DIV=11 11 \use_default_options false 12 \language english 13 \inputencoding auto 14 \font_roman newcent 15 \font_sans default 16 \font_typewriter default 17 \font_default_family default 18 \font_sc false 19 \font_osf false 20 \font_sf_scale 100 21 \font_tt_scale 100 22 23 \graphics default 24 \paperfontsize default 25 \spacing single 26 \use_hyperref true 27 \pdf_title "Teapot User Guide" 28 \pdf_author "Michael Haardt, Jörg Walter" 29 \pdf_bookmarks true 30 \pdf_bookmarksnumbered true 31 \pdf_bookmarksopen true 32 \pdf_bookmarksopenlevel 2 33 \pdf_breaklinks false 34 \pdf_pdfborder true 35 \pdf_colorlinks false 36 \pdf_backref false 37 \pdf_pdfusetitle true 38 \papersize default 39 \use_geometry false 40 \use_amsmath 1 41 \use_esint 1 42 \cite_engine basic 43 \use_bibtopic false 44 \paperorientation portrait 45 \secnumdepth 3 46 \tocdepth 3 47 \paragraph_separation indent 48 \defskip medskip 49 \quotes_language english 50 \papercolumns 1 51 \papersides 1 52 \paperpagestyle fancy 53 \tracking_changes false 54 \output_changes false 55 \author "" 56 \author "" 57 \end_header 58 59 \begin_body 60 61 \begin_layout Title 62 Teapot User Guide 63 \end_layout 64 65 \begin_layout Author 66 Michael Haardt, Jörg Walter 67 \end_layout 68 69 \begin_layout Date 70 \begin_inset CommandInset href 71 LatexCommand href 72 name " http://www.syntax-k.de/projekte/teapot" 73 target "http://www.syntax-k.de/projekte/teapot" 74 75 \end_inset 76 77 78 \end_layout 79 80 \begin_layout Abstract 81 For ages, spread sheet programs have been closely associated with financial 82 calculations done by typical end-users. 83 But it has shown that there is also hacker's work which can be done with 84 them, like calculate monitor timings for various resolutions, produce convincin 85 g time statistics which justify the lack of documentation or the need for 86 a budget increase to your employer. 87 This first part of this user guide explains how the various functions of 88 teapot are used, whereas the second part gives an introduction to spread 89 sheets and explains the expression evaluator and its functions. 90 \end_layout 91 92 \begin_layout Standard 93 \begin_inset CommandInset toc 94 LatexCommand tableofcontents 95 96 \end_inset 97 98 99 \end_layout 100 101 \begin_layout Standard 102 \begin_inset Newpage newpage 103 \end_inset 104 105 106 \end_layout 107 108 \begin_layout Section 109 Copyright, Contributors and License 110 \end_layout 111 112 \begin_layout Standard 113 114 \noun on 115 teapot 116 \noun default 117 (Table Editor And Planner, Or: Teapot), is copyrighted 1995--2006 by Michael 118 Haardt, and 2009--2010 by Jörg Walter. 119 \end_layout 120 121 \begin_layout Standard 122 The implementation of clocked expressions is modelled after the description 123 of clocked evaluation in the PhD work of Jörg Wittenberger at the University 124 of Technology in Dresden, Germany. 125 The trigonometric functions were inspired by Koniorczyk Mátyás. 126 The context output format was contributed by Marko Schuetz. 127 \end_layout 128 129 \begin_layout Standard 130 The (currently unused) message catalogs were contributed by Guido Müsch, 131 Wim van Dorst, and Volodymyr M. 132 Lisivka. 133 \end_layout 134 135 \begin_layout Standard 136 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it 137 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free 138 Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) 139 any later version. 140 141 \end_layout 142 143 \begin_layout Standard 144 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 145 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS 146 FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 147 See the GNU General Public License for more details. 148 149 \end_layout 150 151 \begin_layout Standard 152 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 153 with this program. 154 If not, see < 155 \begin_inset CommandInset href 156 LatexCommand href 157 target "http://www.gnu.org/licenses/" 158 159 \end_inset 160 161 >. 162 \end_layout 163 164 \begin_layout Section 165 Introduction to Spread Sheets 166 \end_layout 167 168 \begin_layout Subsection 169 General Introduction 170 \end_layout 171 172 \begin_layout Standard 173 A spread sheet consists of cells formed by rows and columns. 174 Additionally, in many spread sheets you have a third dimension, which you 175 can imagine as various sheets laying on top of each other. 176 The third dimension allows you to hide intermediate results, show you additiona 177 l results you do not want to appear in the 178 \begin_inset Quotes eld 179 \end_inset 180 181 official 182 \begin_inset Quotes erd 183 \end_inset 184 185 tables, keep sheets per time period (like 12 sheets for each month in a 186 year) while allowing you to make calculations over the entire time interval 187 and much more. 188 Figure 189 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 190 LatexCommand ref 191 reference "fig:Three-Dimensional-Spread-Sheet" 192 193 \end_inset 194 195 shows the three dimensions: 196 \end_layout 197 198 \begin_layout Standard 199 \begin_inset Float figure 200 placement h 201 wide false 202 sideways false 203 status open 204 205 \begin_layout Plain Layout 206 \align center 207 \begin_inset ERT 208 status open 209 210 \begin_layout Plain Layout 211 212 { 213 \backslash 214 color{white} 215 \backslash 216 hrule} 217 \end_layout 218 219 \begin_layout Plain Layout 220 221 \end_layout 222 223 \begin_layout Plain Layout 224 225 226 \backslash 227 begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.1,anchor=west] 228 \end_layout 229 230 \begin_layout Plain Layout 231 232 233 \backslash 234 foreach 235 \backslash 236 z in {0,2,4,6} 237 \backslash 238 filldraw[fill=white,ystep=1,xstep=3,shift={(0,0, 239 \backslash 240 z)}] (0,0) rectangle (60,10) (0,0) grid (60,10); 241 \end_layout 242 243 \begin_layout Plain Layout 244 245 246 \backslash 247 draw[->] (70,10,10) -- +(30,0,0) node{x}; 248 \end_layout 249 250 \begin_layout Plain Layout 251 252 253 \backslash 254 draw[->] (70,10,10) -- +(0,-10,0) node{y}; 255 \end_layout 256 257 \begin_layout Plain Layout 258 259 260 \backslash 261 draw[->] (70,10,10) -- +(0,0,-10) node{z}; 262 \end_layout 263 264 \begin_layout Plain Layout 265 266 267 \backslash 268 end{tikzpicture} 269 \end_layout 270 271 \begin_layout Plain Layout 272 273 { 274 \backslash 275 color{white} 276 \backslash 277 hrule} 278 \end_layout 279 280 \end_inset 281 282 283 \end_layout 284 285 \begin_layout Plain Layout 286 \begin_inset Caption 287 288 \begin_layout Plain Layout 289 \begin_inset CommandInset label 290 LatexCommand label 291 name "fig:Three-Dimensional-Spread-Sheet" 292 293 \end_inset 294 295 Three-Dimensional Spread Sheet Layout 296 \end_layout 297 298 \end_inset 299 300 301 \end_layout 302 303 \end_inset 304 305 306 \end_layout 307 308 \begin_layout Standard 309 You can think of cells as variables, which value is the value of an associated 310 expression. 311 The expression may be constant, like 1.23, or it may be a function of other 312 cell values. 313 The advantage compared to a programmable calculator is that if you change 314 a number, you directly see all changes in other cells caused by that. 315 Often this allows you to get a feeling how much you may change basic sizes 316 with still getting satisfying results without having to solve the problem 317 analytically. 318 319 \end_layout 320 321 \begin_layout Standard 322 Spread sheets offer many editing functions in order to modify, clear, copy 323 and move cells or blocks of cells. 324 Besides the usual mathematical functions, there are functions which work 325 on blocks of cells, like calculating the sum of a block or counting all 326 non-empty elements. 327 Further there are functions working on character strings, because most 328 likely you also want text besides numbers. 329 The next section will introduce you to some of these by examples. 330 331 \end_layout 332 333 \begin_layout Standard 334 teapot is a traditional spread sheet and a typical UNIX program, because 335 it does just one thing: Calculations. 336 It does not include any graphics functions and never will, but it allows 337 to export data in many formats, so you can use your favourite graphics 338 software. 339 340 \end_layout 341 342 \begin_layout Subsection 343 The First Steps 344 \end_layout 345 346 \begin_layout Standard 347 Now that you should have an idea, it is probably a good time to make your 348 first steps. 349 This section will show you how to create and save a sheet which contains 350 two numbers and their sum. 351 Start the program without any arguments 352 \begin_inset Foot 353 status collapsed 354 355 \begin_layout Plain Layout 356 If you are using the graphical version of teapot, please see section 357 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 358 LatexCommand vref 359 reference "sub:Differences-Between-User" 360 361 \end_inset 362 363 . 364 \end_layout 365 366 \end_inset 367 368 : 369 \end_layout 370 371 \begin_layout Quote 372 373 \family typewriter 374 teapot 375 \end_layout 376 377 \begin_layout Standard 378 You see an empty sheet with the cell cursor being at the upper left corner. 379 Further, the status line tells you that this cell is really empty: 380 \end_layout 381 382 \begin_layout Quote 383 384 \family typewriter 385 E @(0,0,0)= 386 \family default 387 388 \end_layout 389 390 \begin_layout Standard 391 The 392 \family typewriter 393 E 394 \family default 395 means that you can edit the sheet. 396 A 397 \family typewriter 398 V 399 \family default 400 would mean that you could only view its contents. 401 The meaning of 402 \family typewriter 403 @() 404 \family default 405 will be explained soon. 406 You are now in the command mode of teapot. 407 Press the 408 \series bold 409 Enter 410 \series default 411 key to edit this cell. 412 A complete list of command mode functions will be given later. 413 A prompt will appear below the status line: 414 \end_layout 415 416 \begin_layout Quote 417 418 \family typewriter 419 Cell contents: 420 \family default 421 422 \series bold 423 1 424 \series default 425 426 \end_layout 427 428 \begin_layout Standard 429 Now the cell at position 0,0,0 has the integer constant 1. 430 The status line shows you the cell contents, whereas in the sheet you see 431 its value. 432 Since constants are identical with their values, both are 1. 433 Now move the cell cursor down one row and edit that cell, giving it the 434 integer constant 435 \family typewriter 436 41 437 \family default 438 . 439 440 \end_layout 441 442 \begin_layout Standard 443 Now that you have two numbers, move the cell cursor to cell 0,2,0 and give 444 that cell the following contents: 445 \end_layout 446 447 \begin_layout Quote 448 449 \family typewriter 450 Cell contents: 451 \family default 452 453 \series bold 454 @(0,0,0)+@(0,1,0) 455 \series default 456 457 \end_layout 458 459 \begin_layout Standard 460 If you were confused about the difference between contents and value of 461 a cell, it should become more clear now: The status line shows the contents, 462 which is the arithmetic expression to calculate the sum of two cells, whereas 463 in the sheet you see the value of that expression: 42, which was to be 464 expected. 465 466 \family typewriter 467 @( 468 \family default 469 \shape italic 470 x 471 \family typewriter 472 \shape default 473 , 474 \family default 475 \shape italic 476 y 477 \family typewriter 478 \shape default 479 , 480 \family default 481 \shape italic 482 z 483 \family typewriter 484 \shape default 485 ) 486 \family default 487 is a function which takes three coordinates and returns the value of the 488 cell at the given position. 489 490 \end_layout 491 492 \begin_layout Standard 493 As you can see, the arithmetic expression is not too readable. 494 If you would move cells around, it would not even work any more. 495 For these reasons, you can use symbolic names instead of coordinates, called 496 labels. 497 When used in an expression, a label is like a pointer to a cell, its data 498 type is 499 \emph on 500 location 501 \emph default 502 . 503 Move to cell 0,0,0 and use 504 \series bold 505 / 506 \series default 507 (slash) in command mode to get into the main menu. 508 Depending on your screen size, you may not see all of it. 509 In this case, move the highlighted block right (or left) to scroll through 510 it and to see all items. 511 Now change its label attribute: A)ttributes, L)abel: 512 \end_layout 513 514 \begin_layout Quote 515 516 \family typewriter 517 Cell label: 518 \family default 519 520 \series bold 521 Paper 522 \end_layout 523 524 \begin_layout Standard 525 Then go one cell down and change its label to 526 \series bold 527 Tapes 528 \series default 529 . 530 After, move again one cell down and change the expression to: 531 \end_layout 532 533 \begin_layout Quote 534 535 \family typewriter 536 Cell contents: 537 \family default 538 539 \series bold 540 @(Paper)+@(Tapes) 541 \end_layout 542 543 \begin_layout Standard 544 As you see, you can call the function 545 \family typewriter 546 @ 547 \family default 548 with three integer values or with one location value. 549 Now the expression is more understandable, at least to you. 550 To someone else, the sheet only contained three numbers, so a little text 551 should be added. 552 To accomplish that, a new column needs to be inserted: B)lock, I)insert, 553 C)olumn, W)hole column. 554 The last menu item means that you want to insert a whole new column, not 555 only a partial column. 556 If you move the cursor around, you will see that everything is still fine, 557 because you used labels. 558 Go to cell 0,0,0 and edit it: 559 \end_layout 560 561 \begin_layout Quote 562 563 \family typewriter 564 Cell contents: 565 \family default 566 567 \series bold 568 "Paper:" 569 \end_layout 570 571 \begin_layout Standard 572 This is how you enter strings. 573 A string is a data type on its own, don't confuse this with labels. 574 If you feel like it, leave the quotes and the colon away, and you will 575 see the difference, because the result will not be a string, but the value 576 of the label 577 \family typewriter 578 Paper 579 \family default 580 , which is 581 \family typewriter 582 &(1,0,0) 583 \family default 584 . 585 Now change the cells below to 586 \series bold 587 "Tapes:" 588 \series default 589 and 590 \series bold 591 "Result:" 592 \series default 593 . 594 This is something that is understandable to others, too. 595 596 \end_layout 597 598 \begin_layout Standard 599 As the last step, save your work sheet to a file: F)ile, S)ave. 600 The native file format is XDR, so choose that. 601 Up to now, your sheet does not have a name, so you will be prompted for 602 one: 603 \end_layout 604 605 \begin_layout Quote 606 607 \family typewriter 608 New file name: 609 \family default 610 611 \series bold 612 firststep 613 \end_layout 614 615 \begin_layout Standard 616 Unless you see an error message after, your sheet is written to a file. 617 618 \end_layout 619 620 \begin_layout Standard 621 If you have come this far, quit (from the main menu) and you have successfully 622 completed your first steps on using teapot. 623 Now you know cells, the difference between contents and values, you learned 624 that labels are a good thing and you can do simple cell modifications as 625 well as saving your work. 626 This is enough for most applications. 627 If the capabilities described in the next section confuse you, then it 628 is unlikely that you need them really. 629 Just skip that section and don't worry about it. 630 631 \end_layout 632 633 \begin_layout Standard 634 You may wonder what happens if you have circular dependencies, i.e. 635 you have a cell which evaluates to its own value plus one. 636 Well, the answer is that it depends on the order in which you create this 637 cell. 638 If you first give it the value 1 and after edit it to contain the expression 639 which refers to itself plus 1, then you will find that each recalculation, 640 like after editing other cells, will increase the value. 641 While this may be funny, it is certainly not useful as you can not reset 642 the cell and you have little control of its development. 643 644 \end_layout 645 646 \begin_layout Standard 647 What you really want is a base value and an iterative expression along with 648 a way to control the recalculations. 649 teapot supports this by allowing two expressions per cell. 650 The expressions you have used so far are the ones which evaluate to the 651 base values. 652 Each time you edit a cell, the whole sheet will be reset, which means that 653 all results are recalculated using the base values. 654 After, you can clock the sheet, which is why the iterative part is also 655 called clocked expression. 656 A clock is an atomic operation, which means that all cell results will 657 be recalculated in a way that the new result will only show after the entire 658 recalculation. 659 660 \end_layout 661 662 \begin_layout Standard 663 An examples will demonstrate how to make use of this feature. 664 The notation 665 \shape italic 666 x 667 \shape default 668 -> 669 \shape italic 670 y 671 \shape default 672 means that 673 \shape italic 674 x 675 \shape default 676 is the base expression and 677 \shape italic 678 y 679 \shape default 680 is the clocked expression. 681 Don't let this confuse you, as both are entered separately: teapot does 682 not have an -> operator, but it displays the cell contents this way for 683 increased overview. 684 So, give the cell a base expression of 685 \family typewriter 686 1 687 \family default 688 and a clocked expression of 689 \family typewriter 690 @(0,0,0)+1 691 \family default 692 (using 693 \series bold 694 ESC-Enter 695 \series default 696 or 697 \series bold 698 Meta-Enter 699 \series default 700 ) and you will see: 701 \end_layout 702 703 \begin_layout Quote 704 705 \family typewriter 706 @(0,0,0)=1 -> @(0,0,0)+1 707 \end_layout 708 709 \begin_layout Standard 710 The sheet is currently in reset condition and the result is 1. 711 Now clock it and you will see how the value increases. 712 713 \end_layout 714 715 \begin_layout Standard 716 After this introductional chapter, you should be familiar with the basic 717 concepts in spread sheets. 718 The next chapters explain all functions available in detail. 719 You should read them to get an overview of the possibilities offered by 720 teapot. 721 Finally, we will come back to using teapot by showing some common problems 722 and their solutions. 723 724 \end_layout 725 726 \begin_layout Subsection 727 \begin_inset CommandInset label 728 LatexCommand label 729 name "sub:Differences-Between-User" 730 731 \end_inset 732 733 Differences Between User Interfaces 734 \end_layout 735 736 \begin_layout Standard 737 738 \noun on 739 teapot 740 \noun default 741 comes in two flavours: A mouse-and-keyboard operated graphical application 742 and a traditional console-based program. 743 Large parts of this manual were written when the GUI version didn't exist, 744 so there may be occasional inconsistencies. 745 \end_layout 746 747 \begin_layout Standard 748 Most notably, a few key bindings don't exist. 749 If something doesn't work as described in here, refer to the pull-down 750 menus, where all functionality can be found. 751 In addition to the common keys, the GUI variant has extended mouse and 752 keyboard bindings that work similarly to other GUI applications. 753 There are not yet documented, but should 754 \begin_inset Quotes eld 755 \end_inset 756 757 just work 758 \begin_inset Quotes erd 759 \end_inset 760 761 as expected. 762 \end_layout 763 764 \begin_layout Section 765 Command Mode 766 \end_layout 767 768 \begin_layout Standard 769 Right after starting teapot, you are in the command mode. 770 Many functions from the command mode are also available from menus, but 771 using keys is faster and some things, like moving the cell cursor, are 772 only available through keys. 773 Table 774 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 775 LatexCommand vref 776 reference "tab:Key-Bindings-in" 777 778 \end_inset 779 780 lists all available key bindings 781 \begin_inset Foot 782 status collapsed 783 784 \begin_layout Plain Layout 785 If you are using the graphical version of teapot, please see section 786 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 787 LatexCommand vref 788 reference "sub:Differences-Between-User" 789 790 \end_inset 791 792 . 793 \end_layout 794 795 \end_inset 796 797 . 798 \end_layout 799 800 \begin_layout Standard 801 \begin_inset Float table 802 wide false 803 sideways false 804 status open 805 806 \begin_layout Plain Layout 807 \begin_inset 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\begin_layout Plain Layout 885 Ctrl-P 886 \end_layout 887 888 \end_inset 889 </cell> 890 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 891 \begin_inset Text 892 893 \begin_layout Plain Layout 894 Cursor up 895 \end_layout 896 897 \end_inset 898 </cell> 899 </row> 900 <row> 901 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 902 \begin_inset Text 903 904 \begin_layout Plain Layout 905 Begin 906 \end_layout 907 908 \end_inset 909 </cell> 910 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 911 \begin_inset Text 912 913 \begin_layout Plain Layout 914 Ctrl-A 915 \end_layout 916 917 \end_inset 918 </cell> 919 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 920 \begin_inset Text 921 922 \begin_layout Plain Layout 923 Cursor to column 0 924 \end_layout 925 926 \end_inset 927 </cell> 928 </row> 929 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leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1056 \begin_inset Text 1057 1058 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1059 > 1060 \end_layout 1061 1062 \end_inset 1063 </cell> 1064 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1065 \begin_inset Text 1066 1067 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1068 Cursor to last line 1069 \end_layout 1070 1071 \end_inset 1072 </cell> 1073 </row> 1074 <row> 1075 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1076 \begin_inset Text 1077 1078 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1079 1080 \end_layout 1081 1082 \end_inset 1083 </cell> 1084 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1085 \begin_inset Text 1086 1087 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1088 _ (Underscore) 1089 \end_layout 1090 1091 \end_inset 1092 </cell> 1093 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1094 \begin_inset Text 1095 1096 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1097 Cursor to layer 0 1098 \end_layout 1099 1100 \end_inset 1101 </cell> 1102 </row> 1103 <row> 1104 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1105 \begin_inset Text 1106 1107 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1108 1109 \end_layout 1110 1111 \end_inset 1112 </cell> 1113 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1114 \begin_inset Text 1115 1116 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1117 * 1118 \end_layout 1119 1120 \end_inset 1121 </cell> 1122 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1123 \begin_inset Text 1124 1125 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1126 Cursor to last layer 1127 \end_layout 1128 1129 \end_inset 1130 </cell> 1131 </row> 1132 <row> 1133 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1134 \begin_inset Text 1135 1136 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1137 1138 \end_layout 1139 1140 \end_inset 1141 </cell> 1142 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1143 \begin_inset Text 1144 1145 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1146 Ctrl-X < 1147 \end_layout 1148 1149 \end_inset 1150 </cell> 1151 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1152 \begin_inset Text 1153 1154 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1155 One page left 1156 \end_layout 1157 1158 \end_inset 1159 </cell> 1160 </row> 1161 <row> 1162 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1163 \begin_inset Text 1164 1165 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1166 1167 \end_layout 1168 1169 \end_inset 1170 </cell> 1171 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1172 \begin_inset Text 1173 1174 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1175 Ctrl-X > 1176 \end_layout 1177 1178 \end_inset 1179 </cell> 1180 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1181 \begin_inset Text 1182 1183 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1184 One page right 1185 \end_layout 1186 1187 \end_inset 1188 </cell> 1189 </row> 1190 <row> 1191 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1192 \begin_inset Text 1193 1194 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1195 F10 1196 \end_layout 1197 1198 \end_inset 1199 </cell> 1200 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1201 \begin_inset Text 1202 1203 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1204 / 1205 \end_layout 1206 1207 \end_inset 1208 </cell> 1209 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1210 \begin_inset Text 1211 1212 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1213 Main menu 1214 \end_layout 1215 1216 \end_inset 1217 </cell> 1218 </row> 1219 <row> 1220 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1221 \begin_inset Text 1222 1223 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1224 F2 1225 \end_layout 1226 1227 \end_inset 1228 </cell> 1229 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1230 \begin_inset Text 1231 1232 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1233 1234 \end_layout 1235 1236 \end_inset 1237 </cell> 1238 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1239 \begin_inset Text 1240 1241 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1242 Save menu 1243 \end_layout 1244 1245 \end_inset 1246 </cell> 1247 </row> 1248 <row> 1249 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1250 \begin_inset Text 1251 1252 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1253 F3 1254 \end_layout 1255 1256 \end_inset 1257 </cell> 1258 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1259 \begin_inset Text 1260 1261 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1262 1263 \end_layout 1264 1265 \end_inset 1266 </cell> 1267 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1268 \begin_inset Text 1269 1270 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1271 Load menu 1272 \end_layout 1273 1274 \end_inset 1275 </cell> 1276 </row> 1277 <row> 1278 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1279 \begin_inset Text 1280 1281 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1282 1283 \end_layout 1284 1285 \end_inset 1286 </cell> 1287 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1288 \begin_inset Text 1289 1290 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1291 Ctrl-X Ctrl-R 1292 \end_layout 1293 1294 \end_inset 1295 </cell> 1296 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1297 \begin_inset Text 1298 1299 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1300 Load file 1301 \end_layout 1302 1303 \end_inset 1304 </cell> 1305 </row> 1306 <row> 1307 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1308 \begin_inset Text 1309 1310 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1311 Enter 1312 \end_layout 1313 1314 \end_inset 1315 </cell> 1316 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1317 \begin_inset Text 1318 1319 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1320 Ctrl-J, Ctrl-M 1321 \end_layout 1322 1323 \end_inset 1324 </cell> 1325 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1326 \begin_inset Text 1327 1328 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1329 Edit cell contents 1330 \end_layout 1331 1332 \end_inset 1333 </cell> 1334 </row> 1335 <row> 1336 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1337 \begin_inset Text 1338 1339 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1340 1341 \end_layout 1342 1343 \end_inset 1344 </cell> 1345 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1346 \begin_inset Text 1347 1348 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1349 \begin_inset Quotes eld 1350 \end_inset 1351 1352 , @, 1353 \emph on 1354 digit 1355 \emph default 1356 , 1357 \emph on 1358 letter 1359 \end_layout 1360 1361 \end_inset 1362 </cell> 1363 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1364 \begin_inset Text 1365 1366 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1367 Overwrite cell contents 1368 \end_layout 1369 1370 \end_inset 1371 </cell> 1372 </row> 1373 <row> 1374 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1375 \begin_inset Text 1376 1377 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1378 Meta-Enter 1379 \end_layout 1380 1381 \end_inset 1382 </cell> 1383 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1384 \begin_inset Text 1385 1386 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1387 Esc Ctrl-J, Esc Ctrl-M 1388 \end_layout 1389 1390 \end_inset 1391 </cell> 1392 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1393 \begin_inset Text 1394 1395 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1396 Edit clocked cell contents 1397 \end_layout 1398 1399 \end_inset 1400 </cell> 1401 </row> 1402 <row> 1403 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1404 \begin_inset Text 1405 1406 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1407 Backspace 1408 \end_layout 1409 1410 \end_inset 1411 </cell> 1412 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1413 \begin_inset Text 1414 1415 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1416 Ctrl-H 1417 \end_layout 1418 1419 \end_inset 1420 </cell> 1421 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1422 \begin_inset Text 1423 1424 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1425 Edit cell contents 1426 \end_layout 1427 1428 \end_inset 1429 </cell> 1430 </row> 1431 <row> 1432 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1433 \begin_inset Text 1434 1435 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1436 1437 \end_layout 1438 1439 \end_inset 1440 </cell> 1441 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1442 \begin_inset Text 1443 1444 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1445 . 1446 (Period) 1447 \end_layout 1448 1449 \end_inset 1450 </cell> 1451 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1452 \begin_inset Text 1453 1454 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1455 Mark block 1456 \end_layout 1457 1458 \end_inset 1459 </cell> 1460 </row> 1461 <row> 1462 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1463 \begin_inset Text 1464 1465 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1466 1467 \end_layout 1468 1469 \end_inset 1470 </cell> 1471 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1472 \begin_inset Text 1473 1474 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1475 Ctrl-L 1476 \end_layout 1477 1478 \end_inset 1479 </cell> 1480 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1481 \begin_inset Text 1482 1483 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1484 Redraw screen 1485 \end_layout 1486 1487 \end_inset 1488 </cell> 1489 </row> 1490 <row> 1491 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1492 \begin_inset Text 1493 1494 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1495 1496 \end_layout 1497 1498 \end_inset 1499 </cell> 1500 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1501 \begin_inset Text 1502 1503 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1504 Ctrl-Y 1505 \end_layout 1506 1507 \end_inset 1508 </cell> 1509 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1510 \begin_inset Text 1511 1512 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1513 Paste block 1514 \end_layout 1515 1516 \end_inset 1517 </cell> 1518 </row> 1519 <row> 1520 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1521 \begin_inset Text 1522 1523 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1524 1525 \end_layout 1526 1527 \end_inset 1528 </cell> 1529 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1530 \begin_inset Text 1531 1532 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1533 Ctrl-R 1534 \end_layout 1535 1536 \end_inset 1537 </cell> 1538 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1539 \begin_inset Text 1540 1541 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1542 Reset sheet 1543 \end_layout 1544 1545 \end_inset 1546 </cell> 1547 </row> 1548 <row> 1549 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1550 \begin_inset Text 1551 1552 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1553 F9 1554 \end_layout 1555 1556 \end_inset 1557 </cell> 1558 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1559 \begin_inset Text 1560 1561 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1562 Ctrl-S 1563 \end_layout 1564 1565 \end_inset 1566 </cell> 1567 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1568 \begin_inset Text 1569 1570 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1571 Clock sheet 1572 \end_layout 1573 1574 \end_inset 1575 </cell> 1576 </row> 1577 <row> 1578 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1579 \begin_inset Text 1580 1581 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1582 1583 \end_layout 1584 1585 \end_inset 1586 </cell> 1587 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1588 \begin_inset Text 1589 1590 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1591 Esc z 1592 \end_layout 1593 1594 \end_inset 1595 </cell> 1596 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1597 \begin_inset Text 1598 1599 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1600 Save and quit 1601 \end_layout 1602 1603 \end_inset 1604 </cell> 1605 </row> 1606 <row> 1607 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1608 \begin_inset Text 1609 1610 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1611 1612 \end_layout 1613 1614 \end_inset 1615 </cell> 1616 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1617 \begin_inset Text 1618 1619 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1620 Ctrl-X Ctrl-C 1621 \end_layout 1622 1623 \end_inset 1624 </cell> 1625 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1626 \begin_inset Text 1627 1628 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1629 Quit 1630 \end_layout 1631 1632 \end_inset 1633 </cell> 1634 </row> 1635 <row> 1636 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1637 \begin_inset Text 1638 1639 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1640 Next Page 1641 \end_layout 1642 1643 \end_inset 1644 </cell> 1645 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1646 \begin_inset Text 1647 1648 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1649 Ctrl-V 1650 \end_layout 1651 1652 \end_inset 1653 </cell> 1654 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1655 \begin_inset Text 1656 1657 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1658 One page down 1659 \end_layout 1660 1661 \end_inset 1662 </cell> 1663 </row> 1664 <row> 1665 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1666 \begin_inset Text 1667 1668 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1669 Previous Page 1670 \end_layout 1671 1672 \end_inset 1673 </cell> 1674 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1675 \begin_inset Text 1676 1677 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1678 Meta-V 1679 \end_layout 1680 1681 \end_inset 1682 </cell> 1683 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1684 \begin_inset Text 1685 1686 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1687 One page up 1688 \end_layout 1689 1690 \end_inset 1691 </cell> 1692 </row> 1693 <row> 1694 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1695 \begin_inset Text 1696 1697 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1698 Cancel 1699 \end_layout 1700 1701 \end_inset 1702 </cell> 1703 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1704 \begin_inset Text 1705 1706 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1707 Ctrl-G, Ctrl-C 1708 \end_layout 1709 1710 \end_inset 1711 </cell> 1712 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1713 \begin_inset Text 1714 1715 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1716 Abort current action 1717 \end_layout 1718 1719 \end_inset 1720 </cell> 1721 </row> 1722 </lyxtabular> 1723 1724 \end_inset 1725 1726 1727 \end_layout 1728 1729 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1730 \begin_inset Caption 1731 1732 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1733 \begin_inset CommandInset label 1734 LatexCommand label 1735 name "tab:Key-Bindings-in" 1736 1737 \end_inset 1738 1739 Key Bindings in Command Mode 1740 \end_layout 1741 1742 \end_inset 1743 1744 1745 \end_layout 1746 1747 \end_inset 1748 1749 1750 \end_layout 1751 1752 \begin_layout Standard 1753 . 1754 (Period) marks blocks: The first time it marks the beginning of a block, 1755 which is then extended by moving the cell cursor. 1756 The next time, it marks the end of the block which lets you move the cell 1757 cursor after without changing the block. 1758 The third time, it removes the block marks again. 1759 1760 \end_layout 1761 1762 \begin_layout Section 1763 The Line Editor 1764 \end_layout 1765 1766 \begin_layout Standard 1767 Many functions in teapot require editing a line of text, e.g. 1768 editing cell contents, typing file names and the line. 1769 Similar to the command mode, all things can be reached by control codes 1770 and most by function keys. 1771 Table 1772 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 1773 LatexCommand vref 1774 reference "tab:Key-Bindings-forLineEditor" 1775 1776 \end_inset 1777 1778 lists all available key bindings 1779 \begin_inset Foot 1780 status collapsed 1781 1782 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1783 These only apply to the console version. 1784 The GUI version has input fields that work like all other input fields. 1785 \end_layout 1786 1787 \end_inset 1788 1789 . 1790 \end_layout 1791 1792 \begin_layout Standard 1793 \begin_inset Float table 1794 wide false 1795 sideways false 1796 status open 1797 1798 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1799 \begin_inset Tabular 1800 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="13" columns="3"> 1801 <features> 1802 <column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0"> 1803 <column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0"> 1804 <column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0"> 1805 <row> 1806 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1807 \begin_inset Text 1808 1809 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1810 Function Key 1811 \end_layout 1812 1813 \end_inset 1814 </cell> 1815 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1816 \begin_inset Text 1817 1818 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1819 ASCII Key 1820 \end_layout 1821 1822 \end_inset 1823 </cell> 1824 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1825 \begin_inset Text 1826 1827 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1828 Function 1829 \end_layout 1830 1831 \end_inset 1832 </cell> 1833 </row> 1834 <row> 1835 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1836 \begin_inset Text 1837 1838 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1839 Previous Character 1840 \end_layout 1841 1842 \end_inset 1843 </cell> 1844 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1845 \begin_inset Text 1846 1847 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1848 Ctrl-B 1849 \end_layout 1850 1851 \end_inset 1852 </cell> 1853 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1854 \begin_inset Text 1855 1856 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1857 Move cursor left 1858 \end_layout 1859 1860 \end_inset 1861 </cell> 1862 </row> 1863 <row> 1864 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1865 \begin_inset Text 1866 1867 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1868 Next Character 1869 \end_layout 1870 1871 \end_inset 1872 </cell> 1873 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1874 \begin_inset Text 1875 1876 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1877 Ctrl-F 1878 \end_layout 1879 1880 \end_inset 1881 </cell> 1882 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1883 \begin_inset Text 1884 1885 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1886 Move cursor right 1887 \end_layout 1888 1889 \end_inset 1890 </cell> 1891 </row> 1892 <row> 1893 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1894 \begin_inset Text 1895 1896 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1897 Begin 1898 \end_layout 1899 1900 \end_inset 1901 </cell> 1902 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1903 \begin_inset Text 1904 1905 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1906 Ctrl-A 1907 \end_layout 1908 1909 \end_inset 1910 </cell> 1911 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1912 \begin_inset Text 1913 1914 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1915 Move cursor to column 0 1916 \end_layout 1917 1918 \end_inset 1919 </cell> 1920 </row> 1921 <row> 1922 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1923 \begin_inset Text 1924 1925 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1926 End 1927 \end_layout 1928 1929 \end_inset 1930 </cell> 1931 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1932 \begin_inset Text 1933 1934 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1935 Ctrl-E 1936 \end_layout 1937 1938 \end_inset 1939 </cell> 1940 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1941 \begin_inset Text 1942 1943 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1944 Move cursor to last column 1945 \end_layout 1946 1947 \end_inset 1948 </cell> 1949 </row> 1950 <row> 1951 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1952 \begin_inset Text 1953 1954 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1955 Enter 1956 \end_layout 1957 1958 \end_inset 1959 </cell> 1960 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1961 \begin_inset Text 1962 1963 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1964 Ctrl-J, Ctrl-M 1965 \end_layout 1966 1967 \end_inset 1968 </cell> 1969 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1970 \begin_inset Text 1971 1972 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1973 Finish editing 1974 \end_layout 1975 1976 \end_inset 1977 </cell> 1978 </row> 1979 <row> 1980 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1981 \begin_inset Text 1982 1983 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1984 1985 \end_layout 1986 1987 \end_inset 1988 </cell> 1989 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 1990 \begin_inset Text 1991 1992 \begin_layout Plain Layout 1993 Ctrl-L 1994 \end_layout 1995 1996 \end_inset 1997 </cell> 1998 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 1999 \begin_inset Text 2000 2001 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2002 Redraw screen 2003 \end_layout 2004 2005 \end_inset 2006 </cell> 2007 </row> 2008 <row> 2009 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2010 \begin_inset Text 2011 2012 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2013 2014 \end_layout 2015 2016 \end_inset 2017 </cell> 2018 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2019 \begin_inset Text 2020 2021 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2022 Ctrl-T 2023 \end_layout 2024 2025 \end_inset 2026 </cell> 2027 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 2028 \begin_inset Text 2029 2030 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2031 Transpose characters 2032 \end_layout 2033 2034 \end_inset 2035 </cell> 2036 </row> 2037 <row> 2038 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2039 \begin_inset Text 2040 2041 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2042 2043 \end_layout 2044 2045 \end_inset 2046 </cell> 2047 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2048 \begin_inset Text 2049 2050 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2051 Ctrl- 2052 \backslash 2053 2054 \end_layout 2055 2056 \end_inset 2057 </cell> 2058 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 2059 \begin_inset Text 2060 2061 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2062 Go to matching paren 2063 \end_layout 2064 2065 \end_inset 2066 </cell> 2067 </row> 2068 <row> 2069 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2070 \begin_inset Text 2071 2072 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2073 Cancel 2074 \end_layout 2075 2076 \end_inset 2077 </cell> 2078 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2079 \begin_inset Text 2080 2081 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2082 Ctrl-G, Ctrl-C 2083 \end_layout 2084 2085 \end_inset 2086 </cell> 2087 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 2088 \begin_inset Text 2089 2090 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2091 Abort editing 2092 \end_layout 2093 2094 \end_inset 2095 </cell> 2096 </row> 2097 <row> 2098 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2099 \begin_inset Text 2100 2101 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2102 Backspace 2103 \end_layout 2104 2105 \end_inset 2106 </cell> 2107 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2108 \begin_inset Text 2109 2110 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2111 Ctrl-H 2112 \end_layout 2113 2114 \end_inset 2115 </cell> 2116 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 2117 \begin_inset Text 2118 2119 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2120 Delete previous character 2121 \end_layout 2122 2123 \end_inset 2124 </cell> 2125 </row> 2126 <row> 2127 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2128 \begin_inset Text 2129 2130 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2131 Delete 2132 \end_layout 2133 2134 \end_inset 2135 </cell> 2136 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2137 \begin_inset Text 2138 2139 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2140 Ctrl-?, Ctrl-D 2141 \end_layout 2142 2143 \end_inset 2144 </cell> 2145 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 2146 \begin_inset Text 2147 2148 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2149 Delete current character 2150 \end_layout 2151 2152 \end_inset 2153 </cell> 2154 </row> 2155 <row> 2156 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2157 \begin_inset Text 2158 2159 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2160 Insert 2161 \end_layout 2162 2163 \end_inset 2164 </cell> 2165 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2166 \begin_inset Text 2167 2168 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2169 2170 \end_layout 2171 2172 \end_inset 2173 </cell> 2174 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 2175 \begin_inset Text 2176 2177 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2178 Toggle insert mode 2179 \end_layout 2180 2181 \end_inset 2182 </cell> 2183 </row> 2184 </lyxtabular> 2185 2186 \end_inset 2187 2188 2189 \end_layout 2190 2191 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2192 \begin_inset Caption 2193 2194 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2195 \begin_inset CommandInset label 2196 LatexCommand label 2197 name "tab:Key-Bindings-forLineEditor" 2198 2199 \end_inset 2200 2201 Key Bindings for the line editor 2202 \end_layout 2203 2204 \end_inset 2205 2206 2207 \end_layout 2208 2209 \end_inset 2210 2211 2212 \end_layout 2213 2214 \begin_layout Standard 2215 Besides the regular line editor functions, you may use Ctrl-O (Tab in the 2216 GUI version) to temporarily leave the editor in order to move around in 2217 the sheet if you are editing cell contents. 2218 Another Ctrl-O (resp. 2219 Tab) brings you back to the line editor. 2220 While moving around in the sheet, you can insert the value (v) or position 2221 (p) at the cursor position in the edited cell. 2222 Clicking on a cell while editing has the same effect as moving to that 2223 cell and pressing (p). 2224 \end_layout 2225 2226 \begin_layout Standard 2227 Aborting line editing means that you will get right back to command mode, 2228 whatever you started doing will have no effect. 2229 2230 \end_layout 2231 2232 \begin_layout Section 2233 Interactive Functions 2234 \end_layout 2235 2236 \begin_layout Standard 2237 Most actions are available through the menu. 2238 Most of these will be applied to all cells within a block if a block of 2239 cells is marked. 2240 \end_layout 2241 2242 \begin_layout Subsection 2243 \begin_inset CommandInset label 2244 LatexCommand label 2245 name "sub:Cell-Attributes" 2246 2247 \end_inset 2248 2249 Cell Attributes 2250 \end_layout 2251 2252 \begin_layout Standard 2253 Cells can have several attributes: 2254 \end_layout 2255 2256 \begin_layout Itemize 2257 A cell label, which is useful because it avoids to directly address cells 2258 by their position. 2259 A cell label must be different from function names. 2260 2261 \end_layout 2262 2263 \begin_layout Itemize 2264 The cell adjustment, which determines if the cell value is printed left 2265 adjusted, right adjusted or centered. 2266 2267 \end_layout 2268 2269 \begin_layout Itemize 2270 The precision for the output of floating point values. 2271 The default is 2 digits after the dot. 2272 2273 \end_layout 2274 2275 \begin_layout Itemize 2276 If floating point numbers should be printed in scientific notation (0.123e1) 2277 or as decimal number (1.23). 2278 It only affects the output, if the cell value is a floating point number. 2279 2280 \end_layout 2281 2282 \begin_layout Itemize 2283 If the cell is shadowed by its left neighbour. 2284 This means that the left neighbour cell additionally uses the room of the 2285 shadowed cell. 2286 2287 \end_layout 2288 2289 \begin_layout Itemize 2290 If the cell is locked which prevents to accidentally edit or clear it. 2291 Note that block operations override this attribute, because when you deal 2292 with blocks, you usually know what you are doing. 2293 2294 \end_layout 2295 2296 \begin_layout Itemize 2297 If special characters for e.g. 2298 roff and LaTeX should be quoted (default) or not. 2299 Not quoting them allows special effects (if you know roff or LaTeX), but 2300 is of course not portable. 2301 2302 \end_layout 2303 2304 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2305 Precision 2306 \end_layout 2307 2308 \begin_layout Standard 2309 The precision only changes what is printed, teapot always uses the maximum 2310 precision for calculations. 2311 It also only affects the output if the cell value is a floating point number. 2312 Entering an empty precision means to set it to the default value. 2313 2314 \end_layout 2315 2316 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2317 Exponential / Decimal 2318 \end_layout 2319 2320 \begin_layout Standard 2321 Forces exponential notation for numbers in a cell. 2322 Decimal mode will prefer plain decimal numbers unless the result is very 2323 big or very small. 2324 \end_layout 2325 2326 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2327 Adjustment 2328 \end_layout 2329 2330 \begin_layout Standard 2331 Cells contents can be aligned to the left, right or centered. 2332 By default, text is left adjusted and numbers are right adjusted. 2333 \end_layout 2334 2335 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2336 Label 2337 \end_layout 2338 2339 \begin_layout Standard 2340 This function lets you edit the cell label of the current cell. 2341 Further it changes all occurences of it in the cell contents to the new 2342 value, unless you erased the cell label. 2343 If a block has been marked by the time you edit the cell label, all occurences 2344 of the label in contents of cells in that block will be changed. 2345 2346 \end_layout 2347 2348 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2349 Lock 2350 \end_layout 2351 2352 \begin_layout Standard 2353 You can lock cells to protect them from accidental editing. 2354 Note that this protects you from modifying single cells. 2355 If you modify a block of cells which contains locked cells, those will 2356 be modified as well. 2357 This has been done because when using block commands, you usually know 2358 what you are doing. 2359 2360 \end_layout 2361 2362 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2363 Ignore 2364 \end_layout 2365 2366 \begin_layout Standard 2367 Ignored cells will be completely ignored. 2368 They appear as empty cells on screen and during calculations. 2369 This is useful for temporarily disabling parts of your calculation, as 2370 the former content reappears when the ignore is removed again. 2371 \end_layout 2372 2373 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2374 Transparent 2375 \end_layout 2376 2377 \begin_layout Standard 2378 Usually, values are quoted as needed so that you get the exact same output 2379 as on screen. 2380 Transparent cells will be exported as-is into display-oriented file formats 2381 (LaTeX, etc.) so that you can embed commands for subsequent processing in 2382 cell values. 2383 \end_layout 2384 2385 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2386 Shadow 2387 \end_layout 2388 2389 \begin_layout Standard 2390 Shadowed cells are effectively nonexistant. 2391 Instead, their left neighbour cell extends into the shadowed cell, so that 2392 longer text can be displayed. 2393 You may think of shadowing as a way to get multi-column cells. 2394 \end_layout 2395 2396 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2397 Column Width 2398 \end_layout 2399 2400 \begin_layout Standard 2401 The column width only affects the screen display, not the formatting of 2402 the final output (except formatted text files). 2403 It is intended to let you make better usage of the screen for more overview. 2404 If the width is too small to display the cell value, a placeholder will 2405 be displayed. 2406 2407 \end_layout 2408 2409 \begin_layout Subsection 2410 Block Functions 2411 \end_layout 2412 2413 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2414 Copy/Move 2415 \end_layout 2416 2417 \begin_layout Standard 2418 To copy a block of cells, mark it, then move the cell cursor to where the 2419 upper left corner of the copy should be and issue the copy command. 2420 Moving works similar, just use the move command. 2421 Of course you can mark three-dimensional blocks and copy them anywhere 2422 in the three-dimensional sheet, but doing so requires a good three-dimensional 2423 imagination to get what you want. 2424 2425 \end_layout 2426 2427 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2428 Fill 2429 \end_layout 2430 2431 \begin_layout Standard 2432 To fill a block of cells, first mark a the block it should be filled with. 2433 This may be just one cell! Then move the cell cursor to where the upper 2434 left corner of the block to be filled should be and issue the fill command. 2435 You will be prompted for how often the marked block should be repeated 2436 in each dimension. 2437 For example, you may to repeat a cell 9 times below. 2438 Mark it, then move down one row. 2439 Issue the fill command and answer 1 to the number of column repetitions, 2440 9 to rows and 1 to layers. 2441 2442 \end_layout 2443 2444 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2445 Clear 2446 \end_layout 2447 2448 \begin_layout Standard 2449 Clearing means to delete the cell contents and set all attributes to the 2450 default value. 2451 If you want to preserve the attributes, just edit the contents of a cell 2452 and delete them. 2453 2454 \end_layout 2455 2456 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2457 Insert 2458 \end_layout 2459 2460 \begin_layout Standard 2461 Since work sheets can be three-dimensional, you can insert cells in all 2462 three dimensions, too. 2463 The inserted cells will be empty and their attributes have the default 2464 values. 2465 Cells will always be moved away from the front upper left corner to make 2466 room for the inserted cells. 2467 If no block is marked, you will be asked if you really only want to insert 2468 a cell of if you want to insert a whole row, line or sheet. 2469 2470 \end_layout 2471 2472 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2473 Delete 2474 \end_layout 2475 2476 \begin_layout Standard 2477 Deleting works contrary to inserting. 2478 The deleted cells will be filled by moving neighbour cells to their positions. 2479 You will be prompted for the direction from where those cells will be taken. 2480 Deleting an entire column column-wise is done by marking the column, use 2481 the delete command and chose X direction. 2482 2483 \end_layout 2484 2485 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2486 \begin_inset CommandInset label 2487 LatexCommand label 2488 name "sub:Sort" 2489 2490 \end_inset 2491 2492 Sort 2493 \end_layout 2494 2495 \begin_layout Standard 2496 Marked blocks of cells can be sorted after one or multiple keys, either 2497 column-wise, row-wise or depth-wise. 2498 Sorting a two dimensional block row-wise will sort lines, but if a three 2499 dimensional block is sorted row-wise, then horizontal layers will be sorted. 2500 The sort key is specified as vector which is orthogonal to the sorted elements, 2501 either in ascending or descending order. 2502 The following example illustrates the sort function. 2503 The upper left part of the screen should look like this: 2504 \end_layout 2505 2506 \begin_layout Standard 2507 \align center 2508 \begin_inset Tabular 2509 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3"> 2510 <features> 2511 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 2512 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 2513 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 2514 <row> 2515 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2516 \begin_inset Text 2517 2518 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2519 0 2520 \end_layout 2521 2522 \end_inset 2523 </cell> 2524 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2525 \begin_inset Text 2526 2527 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2528 0 2529 \end_layout 2530 2531 \end_inset 2532 </cell> 2533 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2534 \begin_inset Text 2535 2536 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2537 1 2538 \end_layout 2539 2540 \end_inset 2541 </cell> 2542 </row> 2543 <row> 2544 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2545 \begin_inset Text 2546 2547 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2548 0 2549 \end_layout 2550 2551 \end_inset 2552 </cell> 2553 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2554 \begin_inset Text 2555 2556 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2557 1 2558 \end_layout 2559 2560 \end_inset 2561 </cell> 2562 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none"> 2563 \begin_inset Text 2564 2565 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2566 one 2567 \end_layout 2568 2569 \end_inset 2570 </cell> 2571 </row> 2572 <row> 2573 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2574 \begin_inset Text 2575 2576 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2577 1 2578 \end_layout 2579 2580 \end_inset 2581 </cell> 2582 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2583 \begin_inset Text 2584 2585 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2586 2 2587 \end_layout 2588 2589 \end_inset 2590 </cell> 2591 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2592 \begin_inset Text 2593 2594 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2595 two 2596 \end_layout 2597 2598 \end_inset 2599 </cell> 2600 </row> 2601 <row> 2602 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2603 \begin_inset Text 2604 2605 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2606 2 2607 \end_layout 2608 2609 \end_inset 2610 </cell> 2611 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2612 \begin_inset Text 2613 2614 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2615 3 2616 \end_layout 2617 2618 \end_inset 2619 </cell> 2620 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2621 \begin_inset Text 2622 2623 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2624 three 2625 \end_layout 2626 2627 \end_inset 2628 </cell> 2629 </row> 2630 <row> 2631 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2632 \begin_inset Text 2633 2634 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2635 3 2636 \end_layout 2637 2638 \end_inset 2639 </cell> 2640 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2641 \begin_inset Text 2642 2643 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2644 4 2645 \end_layout 2646 2647 \end_inset 2648 </cell> 2649 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2650 \begin_inset Text 2651 2652 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2653 four 2654 \end_layout 2655 2656 \end_inset 2657 </cell> 2658 </row> 2659 </lyxtabular> 2660 2661 \end_inset 2662 2663 2664 \end_layout 2665 2666 \begin_layout Standard 2667 The box shows you which block to mark. 2668 Now this block should be sorted row-wise, with the sort key being the numbers 2669 in descending order, i.e. 2670 we want the lines being numbered 4,3,2,1. 2671 Go to the block menu, then select sort. 2672 Use 2673 \family typewriter 2674 R)ow 2675 \family default 2676 , because that is how we want to sort this block. 2677 The X position of the sort key vector is 0, because the column 0 contains 2678 the numbers. 2679 The Z position is 0, too, because those numbers are on sheet 0. 2680 Now chose 2681 \family typewriter 2682 D)escending 2683 \family default 2684 as direction. 2685 At this point, you could add a secondary key or decide to sort the block 2686 by the keys entered so far. 2687 Use 2688 \family typewriter 2689 S)ort region 2690 \family default 2691 to sort it. 2692 That's it, the screen should look like this now: 2693 \end_layout 2694 2695 \begin_layout Standard 2696 \align center 2697 \begin_inset Tabular 2698 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="5" columns="3"> 2699 <features> 2700 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 2701 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 2702 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 2703 <row> 2704 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2705 \begin_inset Text 2706 2707 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2708 0 2709 \end_layout 2710 2711 \end_inset 2712 </cell> 2713 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2714 \begin_inset Text 2715 2716 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2717 0 2718 \end_layout 2719 2720 \end_inset 2721 </cell> 2722 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2723 \begin_inset Text 2724 2725 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2726 1 2727 \end_layout 2728 2729 \end_inset 2730 </cell> 2731 </row> 2732 <row> 2733 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2734 \begin_inset Text 2735 2736 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2737 0 2738 \end_layout 2739 2740 \end_inset 2741 </cell> 2742 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2743 \begin_inset Text 2744 2745 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2746 4 2747 \end_layout 2748 2749 \end_inset 2750 </cell> 2751 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" usebox="none"> 2752 \begin_inset Text 2753 2754 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2755 four 2756 \end_layout 2757 2758 \end_inset 2759 </cell> 2760 </row> 2761 <row> 2762 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2763 \begin_inset Text 2764 2765 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2766 1 2767 \end_layout 2768 2769 \end_inset 2770 </cell> 2771 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2772 \begin_inset Text 2773 2774 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2775 3 2776 \end_layout 2777 2778 \end_inset 2779 </cell> 2780 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2781 \begin_inset Text 2782 2783 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2784 three 2785 \end_layout 2786 2787 \end_inset 2788 </cell> 2789 </row> 2790 <row> 2791 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2792 \begin_inset Text 2793 2794 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2795 2 2796 \end_layout 2797 2798 \end_inset 2799 </cell> 2800 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2801 \begin_inset Text 2802 2803 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2804 2 2805 \end_layout 2806 2807 \end_inset 2808 </cell> 2809 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2810 \begin_inset Text 2811 2812 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2813 two 2814 \end_layout 2815 2816 \end_inset 2817 </cell> 2818 </row> 2819 <row> 2820 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2821 \begin_inset Text 2822 2823 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2824 3 2825 \end_layout 2826 2827 \end_inset 2828 </cell> 2829 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 2830 \begin_inset Text 2831 2832 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2833 1 2834 \end_layout 2835 2836 \end_inset 2837 </cell> 2838 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" usebox="none"> 2839 \begin_inset Text 2840 2841 \begin_layout Plain Layout 2842 one 2843 \end_layout 2844 2845 \end_inset 2846 </cell> 2847 </row> 2848 </lyxtabular> 2849 2850 \end_inset 2851 2852 2853 \end_layout 2854 2855 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2856 Mirror 2857 \end_layout 2858 2859 \begin_layout Standard 2860 Mirroring a marked block of cells can be done in three directions: Left/right, 2861 upside/down and front/back. 2862 2863 \end_layout 2864 2865 \begin_layout Subsection 2866 Saving and Loading 2867 \end_layout 2868 2869 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2870 File names 2871 \end_layout 2872 2873 \begin_layout Standard 2874 Usually, you want to overwrite the loaded file. 2875 For this reason, the loaded file name is remembered. 2876 If the sheet doesn't have a file name, like after starting an empty sheet, 2877 you will be asked for a name when saving. 2878 \end_layout 2879 2880 \begin_layout Standard 2881 Occasionally, you may want to rename a sheet, like before making critical 2882 changes or when you load an existing sheet to have a start for making a 2883 new one. 2884 The Save As function allows you to save the file under a new name. 2885 \end_layout 2886 2887 \begin_layout Subsubsection 2888 File Formats 2889 \end_layout 2890 2891 \begin_layout Paragraph 2892 XDR (.tp) 2893 \end_layout 2894 2895 \begin_layout Standard 2896 XDR (eXternal Data Representation) is a standard invented by Sun Microsystems 2897 which defines a canonical way of storing/transporting data on external 2898 media. 2899 Its advantage is that it is widely available and that it defines a portable 2900 floating point number format. 2901 The native teapot file format uses XDR so it is portable across different 2902 machine architectures and operating systems. 2903 The advantage of this over the portable ASCII format is that due to the 2904 (usually) missing conversion calculations any floating point constants 2905 will be saved/loaded exactly without conversion errors. 2906 \end_layout 2907 2908 \begin_layout Paragraph 2909 ASCII (.tpa) 2910 \end_layout 2911 2912 \begin_layout Standard 2913 The ASCII file format allows easy generation/modification of saved sheets 2914 by shell scripts. 2915 Due to binary/ASCII conversion, there may be conversion errors in floating 2916 point constants. 2917 The default extension is 2918 \family typewriter 2919 . 2920 \family default 2921 tpa. 2922 2923 \end_layout 2924 2925 \begin_layout Paragraph 2926 CSV (.csv) 2927 \end_layout 2928 2929 \begin_layout Standard 2930 CSV (comma seperated value) files only contain the data, not the expressions 2931 calculating it. 2932 Many spread sheets can generate this file format and many graphics programs 2933 like gnuplot(1) can read it. 2934 The field separator usually is a tab or comma, strings may be enclosed 2935 in double quotes and decimal numbers have a dot to mark the fractional 2936 part. 2937 One popular variation uses semicolons for separating fields and a decimal 2938 comma instead of a decimal point, which teapot tries to autodetect. 2939 \end_layout 2940 2941 \begin_layout Standard 2942 On load, strings without quotes and with a 2943 \emph on 2944 0x 2945 \emph default 2946 prefix followed by hexadecimal digits will be converted to integers. 2947 When loading CSV files, the sheet will not be cleared and the data will 2948 be load relative to the current cursor position. 2949 \end_layout 2950 2951 \begin_layout Paragraph 2952 SC SpreadsheetCalculator (.sc) 2953 \end_layout 2954 2955 \begin_layout Standard 2956 teapot can load simple SC sheets to convert them to teapot's native format. 2957 While loading, teapot converts all references to absolute cell positions 2958 to labels. 2959 This allows to insert and delete in such sheets without screwing the whole 2960 sheet up. 2961 teapot can not save sheets in SC format, because SC lacks many features. 2962 For now, only the most basic SC features are supported. 2963 \end_layout 2964 2965 \begin_layout Paragraph 2966 Lotus 1-2-3 (.wk1) 2967 \end_layout 2968 2969 \begin_layout Standard 2970 teapot can load simple WK1 sheets to convert them to teapot's native format. 2971 By default, 1-2-3 cell references are relative, so don't be surprised by 2972 a big amount of relative references in the resulting teapot sheet. 2973 For now, only the most basic 1-2-3 features are supported. 2974 \end_layout 2975 2976 \begin_layout Paragraph 2977 Formatted ASCII (.txt) 2978 \end_layout 2979 2980 \begin_layout Standard 2981 The generated formatted ASCII files contain about what you see on the screen. 2982 If your sheet has more than one layer, then the various layers will be 2983 saved separated by form feeds. 2984 \end_layout 2985 2986 \begin_layout Paragraph 2987 Troff tbl (.tbl) 2988 \end_layout 2989 2990 \begin_layout Standard 2991 teapot can generate tbl(1) table bodies in single files which are supposed 2992 to be used like this: 2993 \end_layout 2994 2995 \begin_layout Quote 2996 2997 \family typewriter 2998 .TS 2999 \begin_inset Newline newline 3000 \end_inset 3001 3002 3003 \family default 3004 \shape italic 3005 options 3006 \family typewriter 3007 \shape default 3008 ; 3009 \begin_inset Newline newline 3010 \end_inset 3011 3012 .so 3013 \family default 3014 3015 \shape italic 3016 filename 3017 \begin_inset Newline newline 3018 \end_inset 3019 3020 3021 \family typewriter 3022 \shape default 3023 .TE 3024 \end_layout 3025 3026 \begin_layout Standard 3027 You will have to use soelim(1) to eliminate the 3028 \family typewriter 3029 .so 3030 \family default 3031 requests before the tbl run. 3032 The 3033 \shape italic 3034 options 3035 \family typewriter 3036 \shape default 3037 ; 3038 \family default 3039 are optional. 3040 If you use GNU roff, you will need to eliminate 3041 \family typewriter 3042 .lf 3043 \family default 3044 requests, because this GNU roff extension confuses GNU tbl: 3045 \end_layout 3046 3047 \begin_layout Quote 3048 3049 \family typewriter 3050 soelim 3051 \family default 3052 3053 \shape italic 3054 file 3055 \shape default 3056 3057 \family typewriter 3058 | grep -v '^ 3059 \backslash 3060 .lf' 3061 \end_layout 3062 3063 \begin_layout Standard 3064 Alternatively, you can generate a stand-alone document, which needs no further 3065 operations to format and print. 3066 Note: If no block is marked, the whole sheet will be saved. 3067 \end_layout 3068 3069 \begin_layout Paragraph 3070 LaTeX (.latex) 3071 \end_layout 3072 3073 \begin_layout Standard 3074 If you generate LaTeX2e tables in single files, you include them in documents 3075 using the 3076 \family typewriter 3077 3078 \backslash 3079 include 3080 \family default 3081 command. 3082 Alternatively, you can generate a stand-alone document, which needs no 3083 further operations to format and print. 3084 Note: If no block is marked, the whole sheet will be saved. 3085 \end_layout 3086 3087 \begin_layout Paragraph 3088 ConTeXt (.tex) 3089 \end_layout 3090 3091 \begin_layout Standard 3092 Analogous to LaTeX output, this generates input suitable to the ConTeXt 3093 macro package. 3094 \end_layout 3095 3096 \begin_layout Paragraph 3097 HTML (.html) 3098 \end_layout 3099 3100 \begin_layout Standard 3101 You can generate html table bodies in single files which could be used in 3102 combination with server-side includes. 3103 This feature differs between the various servers, so refer to the manual 3104 for your web server for details, please. 3105 3106 \end_layout 3107 3108 \begin_layout Standard 3109 Alternatively, you can generate a stand-alone document. 3110 Note: If no block is marked, the whole sheet will be saved. 3111 \end_layout 3112 3113 \begin_layout Subsection 3114 Other Functions 3115 \end_layout 3116 3117 \begin_layout Subsubsection 3118 Goto Location 3119 \end_layout 3120 3121 \begin_layout Standard 3122 Sometimes, you directly want to go to a specific position, either to change 3123 its contents to see which cell a location expression refers to. 3124 This function lets you enter an expression, which must evaluate to a value 3125 of the type location. 3126 If so, the cursor is positioned to that location. 3127 For example, you could enter 3128 \family typewriter 3129 &(10,2) 3130 \family default 3131 to go to cell 10,2 of the current layer or you could enter the name of 3132 a label you want to go to. 3133 Relative movements are no problem, either. 3134 3135 \end_layout 3136 3137 \begin_layout Subsubsection 3138 Shell 3139 \end_layout 3140 3141 \begin_layout Standard 3142 Start a sub shell. 3143 Exiting from that sub shell will bring you back into teapot. 3144 This function does not exist in the GUI version. 3145 \end_layout 3146 3147 \begin_layout Subsubsection 3148 Version 3149 \end_layout 3150 3151 \begin_layout Standard 3152 teapot will display its version number and copyright statement. 3153 \end_layout 3154 3155 \begin_layout Subsubsection 3156 Help 3157 \end_layout 3158 3159 \begin_layout Standard 3160 If teapot was built with the integrated help viewer, you can access this 3161 manual from within teapot itself. 3162 \end_layout 3163 3164 \begin_layout Section 3165 Batch functions 3166 \end_layout 3167 3168 \begin_layout Standard 3169 Besides interactive facilities, teapot has a batch mode. 3170 Using this batch mode, shell scripts can generate output from teapot sheets. 3171 This is handy if you use make(1) to generate a bigger document containing 3172 tables, because you don't have to generate a tbl or LaTeX file each time 3173 you modified a sheet: make will do so. 3174 In batch mode, teapot reads batch commands from standard input. 3175 The following commands are available: 3176 \end_layout 3177 3178 \begin_layout Description 3179 3180 \family typewriter 3181 \series bold 3182 goto 3183 \family default 3184 \shape italic 3185 3186 \begin_inset space ~ 3187 \end_inset 3188 3189 location 3190 \series default 3191 \shape default 3192 Go to the specified 3193 \shape italic 3194 location 3195 \shape default 3196 . 3197 3198 \end_layout 3199 3200 \begin_layout Description 3201 3202 \family typewriter 3203 \series bold 3204 from 3205 \family default 3206 \shape italic 3207 3208 \begin_inset space ~ 3209 \end_inset 3210 3211 location 3212 \series default 3213 \shape default 3214 Start marking a block. 3215 3216 \end_layout 3217 3218 \begin_layout Description 3219 3220 \family typewriter 3221 \series bold 3222 to 3223 \family default 3224 \shape italic 3225 3226 \begin_inset space ~ 3227 \end_inset 3228 3229 location 3230 \series default 3231 \shape default 3232 End marking a block. 3233 3234 \end_layout 3235 3236 \begin_layout Description 3237 3238 \family typewriter 3239 \series bold 3240 sort-x 3241 \family default 3242 3243 \begin_inset space ~ 3244 \end_inset 3245 3246 d|a 3247 \emph on 3248 3249 \begin_inset space ~ 3250 \end_inset 3251 3252 y 3253 \begin_inset space ~ 3254 \end_inset 3255 3256 z 3257 \emph default 3258 3259 \begin_inset space ~ 3260 \end_inset 3261 3262 [ 3263 \begin_inset space ~ 3264 \end_inset 3265 3266 d|a 3267 \emph on 3268 3269 \begin_inset space ~ 3270 \end_inset 3271 3272 y 3273 \begin_inset space ~ 3274 \end_inset 3275 3276 z 3277 \emph default 3278 3279 \begin_inset space ~ 3280 \end_inset 3281 3282 ... 3283 \begin_inset space ~ 3284 \end_inset 3285 3286 ] 3287 \end_layout 3288 3289 \begin_layout Description 3290 3291 \family typewriter 3292 \series bold 3293 sort- 3294 \family default 3295 y 3296 \begin_inset space ~ 3297 \end_inset 3298 3299 d|a 3300 \emph on 3301 3302 \begin_inset space ~ 3303 \end_inset 3304 3305 x 3306 \begin_inset space ~ 3307 \end_inset 3308 3309 z 3310 \emph default 3311 3312 \begin_inset space ~ 3313 \end_inset 3314 3315 [ 3316 \begin_inset space ~ 3317 \end_inset 3318 3319 d|a 3320 \emph on 3321 3322 \begin_inset space ~ 3323 \end_inset 3324 3325 x 3326 \begin_inset space ~ 3327 \end_inset 3328 3329 z 3330 \emph default 3331 3332 \begin_inset space ~ 3333 \end_inset 3334 3335 ... 3336 \begin_inset space ~ 3337 \end_inset 3338 3339 ] 3340 \series default 3341 3342 \end_layout 3343 3344 \begin_layout Description 3345 3346 \family typewriter 3347 \series bold 3348 sort- 3349 \family default 3350 z 3351 \begin_inset space ~ 3352 \end_inset 3353 3354 d|a 3355 \emph on 3356 3357 \begin_inset space ~ 3358 \end_inset 3359 3360 x 3361 \begin_inset space ~ 3362 \end_inset 3363 3364 3365 \emph default 3366 y 3367 \begin_inset space ~ 3368 \end_inset 3369 3370 [ 3371 \begin_inset space ~ 3372 \end_inset 3373 3374 d|a 3375 \emph on 3376 3377 \begin_inset space ~ 3378 \end_inset 3379 3380 x 3381 \begin_inset space ~ 3382 \end_inset 3383 3384 3385 \emph default 3386 y 3387 \begin_inset space ~ 3388 \end_inset 3389 3390 ... 3391 \begin_inset space ~ 3392 \end_inset 3393 3394 ] 3395 \series default 3396 Sorts the marked block as described in section 3397 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 3398 LatexCommand vref 3399 reference "sub:Sort" 3400 3401 \end_inset 3402 3403 , column-wise, row-wise or depth-wise, respectivly. 3404 "d" or "a" specify the sort order to be descending or ascending. 3405 3406 \emph on 3407 x 3408 \emph default 3409 , 3410 \emph on 3411 y 3412 \emph default 3413 and 3414 \emph on 3415 z 3416 \emph default 3417 specify the position of the sort key 3418 \family typewriter 3419 relative 3420 \family default 3421 to the first cell of the marked block. 3422 Up to eight sort keys can be specified. 3423 This example reproduces the result from section 3424 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 3425 LatexCommand ref 3426 reference "sub:Sort" 3427 3428 \end_inset 3429 3430 : 3431 \end_layout 3432 3433 \begin_deeper 3434 \begin_layout Quote 3435 3436 \family typewriter 3437 echo " 3438 \begin_inset Newline newline 3439 \end_inset 3440 3441 from &(1,1,0) 3442 \begin_inset Newline newline 3443 \end_inset 3444 3445 to &(2,4,0) 3446 \begin_inset Newline newline 3447 \end_inset 3448 3449 sort-y d 0 0 3450 \begin_inset Newline newline 3451 \end_inset 3452 3453 save-csv result_num.txt 3454 \begin_inset Newline newline 3455 \end_inset 3456 3457 " | teapot -b doc/unsorted 3458 \end_layout 3459 3460 \end_deeper 3461 \begin_layout Description 3462 3463 \family typewriter 3464 \series bold 3465 save-tbl 3466 \family default 3467 \emph on 3468 3469 \begin_inset space ~ 3470 \end_inset 3471 3472 file 3473 \series default 3474 \emph default 3475 3476 \end_layout 3477 3478 \begin_layout Description 3479 3480 \family typewriter 3481 \series bold 3482 save-csv 3483 \family default 3484 \emph on 3485 3486 \begin_inset space ~ 3487 \end_inset 3488 3489 file 3490 \series default 3491 \emph default 3492 3493 \end_layout 3494 3495 \begin_layout Description 3496 3497 \family typewriter 3498 \series bold 3499 save-latex 3500 \family default 3501 \emph on 3502 3503 \begin_inset space ~ 3504 \end_inset 3505 3506 file 3507 \series default 3508 \emph default 3509 3510 \end_layout 3511 3512 \begin_layout Description 3513 3514 \family typewriter 3515 \series bold 3516 save-context 3517 \family default 3518 \emph on 3519 3520 \begin_inset space ~ 3521 \end_inset 3522 3523 file 3524 \series default 3525 \emph default 3526 3527 \end_layout 3528 3529 \begin_layout Description 3530 3531 \family typewriter 3532 \series bold 3533 save-html 3534 \begin_inset space ~ 3535 \end_inset 3536 3537 3538 \family default 3539 \emph on 3540 file 3541 \series default 3542 \emph default 3543 Save the marked block in the specified format as 3544 \emph on 3545 file 3546 \emph default 3547 . 3548 3549 \end_layout 3550 3551 \begin_layout Description 3552 3553 \family typewriter 3554 \series bold 3555 load-csv 3556 \begin_inset space ~ 3557 \end_inset 3558 3559 3560 \family default 3561 \emph on 3562 file 3563 \series default 3564 \emph default 3565 Load 3566 \emph on 3567 file 3568 \emph default 3569 in the specified format to the last 3570 \family typewriter 3571 goto 3572 \family default 3573 location. 3574 This is the same functionality as the interactive load described in subsection 3575 3576 \emph on 3577 5.12.4 3578 \emph default 3579 . 3580 3581 \end_layout 3582 3583 \begin_layout Section 3584 Expressions 3585 \end_layout 3586 3587 \begin_layout Standard 3588 Cells consist of a base (reset) expression, a clocked expression, and a 3589 current value. 3590 If the sheet is currently in the reset state (the default), all cells display 3591 their base value as current value. 3592 \end_layout 3593 3594 \begin_layout Standard 3595 When the sheet is clocked (see Table 3596 \begin_inset CommandInset ref 3597 LatexCommand ref 3598 reference "tab:Key-Bindings-in" 3599 3600 \end_inset 3601 3602 ), the clocked expression is evaluated, using the current value of referenced 3603 cells. 3604 The new current value is the result of that evaluation. 3605 \end_layout 3606 3607 \begin_layout Subsection 3608 Data Types 3609 \end_layout 3610 3611 \begin_layout Standard 3612 In teapot, each value has an associated data type. 3613 The following data types exist: 3614 \end_layout 3615 3616 \begin_layout Description 3617 Empty Empty cells have 0, 0.0 or 3618 \begin_inset Quotes eld 3619 \end_inset 3620 3621 3622 \begin_inset Quotes erd 3623 \end_inset 3624 3625 as value, depending on context. 3626 3627 \end_layout 3628 3629 \begin_layout Description 3630 String A string is a sequence of characters enclosed by double quotes: 3631 \family typewriter 3632 "This is a string" 3633 \family default 3634 . 3635 A double quote can be part of the string, if it is quoted using a backslash: 3636 3637 \family typewriter 3638 3639 \begin_inset Quotes eld 3640 \end_inset 3641 3642 3643 \backslash 3644 3645 \family default 3646 3647 \begin_inset Quotes erd 3648 \end_inset 3649 3650 3651 \begin_inset Quotes erd 3652 \end_inset 3653 3654 . 3655 If you want the backslash to appear in the output instead of quoting the 3656 next character, use it to quote itself: 3657 \family typewriter 3658 3659 \begin_inset Quotes eld 3660 \end_inset 3661 3662 3663 \backslash 3664 3665 \backslash 3666 3667 \family default 3668 3669 \begin_inset Quotes erd 3670 \end_inset 3671 3672 . 3673 \end_layout 3674 3675 \begin_layout Description 3676 Floating 3677 \begin_inset space ~ 3678 \end_inset 3679 3680 Point Floating point values are inexact, their precision and range depends 3681 on the implementation of the C type double on your system. 3682 An example is: 3683 \family typewriter 3684 42.0 3685 \family default 3686 3687 \end_layout 3688 3689 \begin_layout Description 3690 Integer Integer values are exact, their range depends on the C type long 3691 on your system. 3692 An example is: 3693 \family typewriter 3694 42 3695 \family default 3696 3697 \end_layout 3698 3699 \begin_layout Description 3700 Location Cell labels and the 3701 \family typewriter 3702 &() 3703 \family default 3704 function have this type, but there are no location constant literals. 3705 \end_layout 3706 3707 \begin_layout Description 3708 Error Syntactical or semantical (type mismatch) errors cause this value, 3709 as well as division by 0 and the function 3710 \family typewriter 3711 error() 3712 \family default 3713 . 3714 An error always has an assigned error message. 3715 Functions and operators, when applied to a value of the type error, evaluate 3716 to just that value. 3717 That way, the first error which was found deep inside a complicated expression 3718 will be shown. 3719 3720 \end_layout 3721 3722 \begin_layout Subsection 3723 Operators 3724 \end_layout 3725 3726 \begin_layout Standard 3727 Unlike other spread sheets, the operators in teapot check the type of the 3728 values they are applied to, which means the try to add a string to a floating 3729 point number will result in an type error. 3730 The following operators are available, listed in ascending precendence: 3731 3732 \end_layout 3733 3734 \begin_layout Description 3735 3736 \series bold 3737 \emph on 3738 x 3739 \family typewriter 3740 \emph default 3741 < 3742 \family default 3743 \emph on 3744 y 3745 \series default 3746 \emph default 3747 evaluates to 1 if 3748 \emph on 3749 x 3750 \emph default 3751 is less than 3752 \emph on 3753 y 3754 \emph default 3755 . 3756 If 3757 \emph on 3758 x 3759 \emph default 3760 or 3761 \emph on 3762 y 3763 \emph default 3764 are empty, they are considered to be 0 if the other is an integer number, 3765 0.0 if it is a floating point number and the empty string if it is a string. 3766 3767 \end_layout 3768 3769 \begin_layout Description 3770 3771 \series bold 3772 \emph on 3773 x 3774 \family typewriter 3775 \emph default 3776 <= 3777 \family default 3778 \emph on 3779 y 3780 \series default 3781 \emph default 3782 evaluates to 1 if 3783 \emph on 3784 x 3785 \emph default 3786 is less than or equal to 3787 \emph on 3788 y 3789 \emph default 3790 . 3791 \end_layout 3792 3793 \begin_layout Description 3794 3795 \series bold 3796 \emph on 3797 x 3798 \family typewriter 3799 \emph default 3800 >= 3801 \family default 3802 \emph on 3803 y 3804 \series default 3805 \emph default 3806 evaluates to 1 if 3807 \emph on 3808 x 3809 \emph default 3810 is greater than or equal to 3811 \emph on 3812 y 3813 \emph default 3814 . 3815 \end_layout 3816 3817 \begin_layout Description 3818 3819 \series bold 3820 \emph on 3821 x 3822 \family typewriter 3823 \emph default 3824 > 3825 \family default 3826 \emph on 3827 y 3828 \series default 3829 \emph default 3830 evaluates to 1 if 3831 \emph on 3832 x 3833 \emph default 3834 is greater than 3835 \emph on 3836 y 3837 \emph default 3838 . 3839 \end_layout 3840 3841 \begin_layout Description 3842 3843 \series bold 3844 \emph on 3845 x 3846 \family typewriter 3847 \emph default 3848 == 3849 \family default 3850 \emph on 3851 y 3852 \series default 3853 \emph default 3854 evaluates to 1 if 3855 \emph on 3856 x 3857 \emph default 3858 is equal to 3859 \emph on 3860 y 3861 \emph default 3862 . 3863 \end_layout 3864 3865 \begin_layout Description 3866 3867 \series bold 3868 \emph on 3869 x 3870 \family typewriter 3871 \emph default 3872 = 3873 \family default 3874 \emph on 3875 y 3876 \series default 3877 \emph default 3878 evaluates to 1 if the floating point value 3879 \emph on 3880 x 3881 \emph default 3882 is almost equal to the floating point value 3883 \emph on 3884 y 3885 \emph default 3886 . 3887 Almost equal means, the numbers are at most neighbours. 3888 3889 \end_layout 3890 3891 \begin_layout Description 3892 3893 \series bold 3894 \emph on 3895 x 3896 \family typewriter 3897 \emph default 3898 != 3899 \family default 3900 \emph on 3901 y 3902 \series default 3903 \emph default 3904 evaluates to 1 if 3905 \emph on 3906 x 3907 \emph default 3908 is not equal to 3909 \emph on 3910 y 3911 \emph default 3912 . 3913 \end_layout 3914 3915 \begin_layout Description 3916 3917 \series bold 3918 \emph on 3919 x 3920 \family typewriter 3921 \emph default 3922 + 3923 \family default 3924 \emph on 3925 y 3926 \series default 3927 \emph default 3928 evaluates to the sum if 3929 \emph on 3930 x 3931 \emph default 3932 and 3933 \emph on 3934 y 3935 \emph default 3936 are numbers. 3937 If 3938 \emph on 3939 x 3940 \emph default 3941 and 3942 \emph on 3943 y 3944 \emph default 3945 are strings, the result is the concatenated string. 3946 There is no dedicated logical 3947 \noun on 3948 or 3949 \noun default 3950 operation, so use 3951 \family typewriter 3952 + 3953 \family default 3954 for that. 3955 3956 \end_layout 3957 3958 \begin_layout Description 3959 3960 \series bold 3961 \emph on 3962 x 3963 \family typewriter 3964 \emph default 3965 - 3966 \family default 3967 \emph on 3968 y 3969 \series default 3970 \emph default 3971 evaluates to the difference if 3972 \emph on 3973 x 3974 \emph default 3975 and 3976 \emph on 3977 y 3978 \emph default 3979 are numbers. 3980 \end_layout 3981 3982 \begin_layout Description 3983 3984 \series bold 3985 \emph on 3986 x 3987 \family typewriter 3988 \emph default 3989 * 3990 \family default 3991 \emph on 3992 y 3993 \series default 3994 \emph default 3995 evaluates to the product if 3996 \emph on 3997 x 3998 \emph default 3999 and 4000 \emph on 4001 y 4002 \emph default 4003 are numbers. 4004 There is no dedicated logical 4005 \noun on 4006 and 4007 \noun default 4008 operation, so use 4009 \family typewriter 4010 * 4011 \family default 4012 for that. 4013 4014 \end_layout 4015 4016 \begin_layout Description 4017 4018 \series bold 4019 \emph on 4020 x 4021 \family typewriter 4022 \emph default 4023 / 4024 \family default 4025 \emph on 4026 y 4027 \series default 4028 \emph default 4029 evaluates to the quotient if 4030 \emph on 4031 x 4032 \emph default 4033 and 4034 \emph on 4035 y 4036 \emph default 4037 are numbers. 4038 \end_layout 4039 4040 \begin_layout Description 4041 4042 \series bold 4043 \emph on 4044 x 4045 \family typewriter 4046 \emph default 4047 % 4048 \family default 4049 \emph on 4050 y 4051 \series default 4052 \emph default 4053 evaluates to the remainder of the division if 4054 \emph on 4055 x 4056 \emph default 4057 and 4058 \emph on 4059 y 4060 \emph default 4061 are numbers. 4062 \end_layout 4063 4064 \begin_layout Description 4065 4066 \series bold 4067 \emph on 4068 x^y 4069 \series default 4070 \emph default 4071 evaluates to 4072 \emph on 4073 x 4074 \emph default 4075 to the power of 4076 \emph on 4077 y 4078 \emph default 4079 . 4080 \end_layout 4081 4082 \begin_layout Description 4083 4084 \family typewriter 4085 \series bold 4086 - 4087 \family default 4088 \emph on 4089 x 4090 \series default 4091 \emph default 4092 evaluates to 4093 \family typewriter 4094 - 4095 \family default 4096 \emph on 4097 x 4098 \emph default 4099 if 4100 \emph on 4101 x 4102 \emph default 4103 is a number. 4104 If 4105 \emph on 4106 x 4107 \emph default 4108 is empty, the result will be empty, too. 4109 4110 \end_layout 4111 4112 \begin_layout Description 4113 4114 \family typewriter 4115 \series bold 4116 ( 4117 \family default 4118 \emph on 4119 expression 4120 \family typewriter 4121 \emph default 4122 ) 4123 \family default 4124 \series default 4125 evaluates to the expression. 4126 4127 \end_layout 4128 4129 \begin_layout Description 4130 4131 \series bold 4132 \emph on 4133 function 4134 \family typewriter 4135 \emph default 4136 ( 4137 \family default 4138 \emph on 4139 argument 4140 \family typewriter 4141 \emph default 4142 , 4143 \family default 4144 ... 4145 \family typewriter 4146 ) 4147 \family default 4148 \series default 4149 evaluates to the value of the function applied to the values resulting 4150 from evaluating the argument expressions. 4151 4152 \end_layout 4153 4154 \begin_layout Subsection 4155 Functions 4156 \end_layout 4157 4158 \begin_layout Standard 4159 This section documents all available functions in alphabetical order. 4160 The functions are given in a C-like notation, so use 4161 \family typewriter 4162 @(0,0,0) 4163 \family default 4164 instead of 4165 \family typewriter 4166 @(integer 0, integer 0, integer 0) 4167 \family default 4168 . 4169 If no type is given for the result of a function, it means the result type 4170 depends on the arguments. 4171 Brackets mark optional arguments. 4172 4173 \end_layout 4174 4175 \begin_layout Description 4176 @ 4177 \series medium 4178 ([int 4179 \begin_inset space ~ 4180 \end_inset 4181 4182 4183 \emph on 4184 x 4185 \emph default 4186 ][,[int 4187 \emph on 4188 4189 \begin_inset space ~ 4190 \end_inset 4191 4192 y 4193 \emph default 4194 ][,[int 4195 \emph on 4196 4197 \begin_inset space ~ 4198 \end_inset 4199 4200 z 4201 \emph default 4202 ]]]) 4203 \end_layout 4204 4205 \begin_layout Description 4206 @ 4207 \series medium 4208 (location 4209 \emph on 4210 4211 \begin_inset space ~ 4212 \end_inset 4213 4214 l 4215 \emph default 4216 ) 4217 \series default 4218 returns the value of the cell at position 4219 \emph on 4220 x 4221 \emph default 4222 , 4223 \emph on 4224 y 4225 \emph default 4226 , 4227 \emph on 4228 z 4229 \emph default 4230 . 4231 If any of 4232 \emph on 4233 x 4234 \emph default 4235 , 4236 \emph on 4237 y 4238 \emph default 4239 or 4240 \emph on 4241 z 4242 \emph default 4243 is omitted, the coordinate of the cell is used. 4244 4245 \end_layout 4246 4247 \begin_layout Description 4248 4249 \series medium 4250 location 4251 \begin_inset space ~ 4252 \end_inset 4253 4254 4255 \series default 4256 & 4257 \series medium 4258 ([int 4259 \emph on 4260 4261 \begin_inset space ~ 4262 \end_inset 4263 4264 x 4265 \emph default 4266 ][, 4267 \begin_inset space ~ 4268 \end_inset 4269 4270 [int 4271 \emph on 4272 4273 \begin_inset space ~ 4274 \end_inset 4275 4276 y 4277 \emph default 4278 ][, 4279 \begin_inset space ~ 4280 \end_inset 4281 4282 [int 4283 \emph on 4284 4285 \begin_inset space ~ 4286 \end_inset 4287 4288 z 4289 \emph default 4290 ]]]) 4291 \series default 4292 returns a pointer to the cell at location 4293 \emph on 4294 x 4295 \emph default 4296 , 4297 \emph on 4298 y 4299 \emph default 4300 , 4301 \emph on 4302 z 4303 \emph default 4304 . 4305 If 4306 \emph on 4307 z 4308 \emph default 4309 is omitted, the 4310 \emph on 4311 z 4312 \emph default 4313 position of the current cell is used. 4314 If 4315 \emph on 4316 y 4317 \emph default 4318 is missing as well, the 4319 \emph on 4320 y 4321 \emph default 4322 position (row) of the cell is used. 4323 4324 \end_layout 4325 4326 \begin_layout Description 4327 4328 \series medium 4329 string 4330 \begin_inset space ~ 4331 \end_inset 4332 4333 4334 \series default 4335 $ 4336 \series medium 4337 (string 4338 \emph on 4339 4340 \begin_inset space ~ 4341 \end_inset 4342 4343 env 4344 \emph default 4345 ) 4346 \series default 4347 evaluates to the contents of the specified environment variable. 4348 If the variable does not exist, then an empty string will be returned. 4349 4350 \end_layout 4351 4352 \begin_layout Description 4353 4354 \series medium 4355 float 4356 \begin_inset space ~ 4357 \end_inset 4358 4359 4360 \series default 4361 abs 4362 \series medium 4363 (float 4364 \emph on 4365 4366 \begin_inset space ~ 4367 \end_inset 4368 4369 x 4370 \emph default 4371 ) 4372 \series default 4373 4374 \end_layout 4375 4376 \begin_layout Description 4377 4378 \series medium 4379 int 4380 \begin_inset space ~ 4381 \end_inset 4382 4383 4384 \series default 4385 abs 4386 \series medium 4387 (int 4388 \begin_inset space ~ 4389 \end_inset 4390 4391 4392 \emph on 4393 x 4394 \emph default 4395 ) 4396 \series default 4397 evaluates to the absolute value of 4398 \emph on 4399 x 4400 \emph default 4401 . 4402 4403 \end_layout 4404 4405 \begin_layout Description 4406 4407 \series medium 4408 float 4409 \begin_inset space ~ 4410 \end_inset 4411 4412 4413 \series default 4414 acos 4415 \series medium 4416 (float|int 4417 \emph on 4418 4419 \begin_inset space ~ 4420 \end_inset 4421 4422 x 4423 \emph default 4424 ) 4425 \series default 4426 evaluates to the arc cosine of 4427 \emph on 4428 x 4429 \emph default 4430 , where 4431 \emph on 4432 x 4433 \emph default 4434 is given in radians. 4435 4436 \end_layout 4437 4438 \begin_layout Description 4439 4440 \series medium 4441 float 4442 \begin_inset space ~ 4443 \end_inset 4444 4445 4446 \series default 4447 arcosh 4448 \series medium 4449 (float|int 4450 \emph on 4451 4452 \begin_inset space ~ 4453 \end_inset 4454 4455 x 4456 \emph default 4457 ) 4458 \series default 4459 evaluates to the arc hyperbolic cosine of 4460 \emph on 4461 x 4462 \emph default 4463 , where 4464 \emph on 4465 x 4466 \emph default 4467 is given in radians. 4468 4469 \end_layout 4470 4471 \begin_layout Description 4472 4473 \series medium 4474 float 4475 \begin_inset space ~ 4476 \end_inset 4477 4478 4479 \series default 4480 arsinh 4481 \series medium 4482 (float|int 4483 \emph on 4484 4485 \begin_inset space ~ 4486 \end_inset 4487 4488 x 4489 \emph default 4490 ) 4491 \series default 4492 evaluates to the arc hyperbolic sine of 4493 \emph on 4494 x 4495 \emph default 4496 , where 4497 \emph on 4498 x 4499 \emph default 4500 is given in radians. 4501 4502 \end_layout 4503 4504 \begin_layout Description 4505 4506 \series medium 4507 float 4508 \begin_inset space ~ 4509 \end_inset 4510 4511 4512 \series default 4513 artanh 4514 \series medium 4515 (float|int 4516 \emph on 4517 4518 \begin_inset space ~ 4519 \end_inset 4520 4521 x 4522 \emph default 4523 ) 4524 \series default 4525 evaluates to the arc hyperbolic tangent of 4526 \emph on 4527 x 4528 \emph default 4529 , where 4530 \emph on 4531 x 4532 \emph default 4533 is given in radians. 4534 4535 \end_layout 4536 4537 \begin_layout Description 4538 4539 \series medium 4540 float 4541 \begin_inset space ~ 4542 \end_inset 4543 4544 4545 \series default 4546 asin 4547 \series medium 4548 (float|int 4549 \emph on 4550 4551 \begin_inset space ~ 4552 \end_inset 4553 4554 x 4555 \emph default 4556 ) 4557 \series default 4558 evaluates to the arc sine of 4559 \emph on 4560 x 4561 \emph default 4562 , where 4563 \emph on 4564 x 4565 \emph default 4566 is given in radians. 4567 4568 \end_layout 4569 4570 \begin_layout Description 4571 4572 \series medium 4573 float 4574 \begin_inset space ~ 4575 \end_inset 4576 4577 4578 \series default 4579 atan 4580 \series medium 4581 (float|int 4582 \emph on 4583 4584 \begin_inset space ~ 4585 \end_inset 4586 4587 x 4588 \emph default 4589 ) 4590 \series default 4591 evaluates to the arc tangent of 4592 \emph on 4593 x 4594 \emph default 4595 , where 4596 \emph on 4597 x 4598 \emph default 4599 is given in radians. 4600 4601 \end_layout 4602 4603 \begin_layout Description 4604 clock 4605 \series medium 4606 (integer 4607 \emph on 4608 4609 \begin_inset space ~ 4610 \end_inset 4611 4612 condition 4613 \emph default 4614 ,[location[,location]) 4615 \series default 4616 conditionally clocks the specified cell if the condition is not 0. 4617 If two locations are given, all cells in that range will be clocked. 4618 The return value of clock is empty. 4619 4620 \end_layout 4621 4622 \begin_layout Description 4623 4624 \series medium 4625 float 4626 \begin_inset space ~ 4627 \end_inset 4628 4629 4630 \series default 4631 cos 4632 \series medium 4633 (float|int 4634 \emph on 4635 4636 \begin_inset space ~ 4637 \end_inset 4638 4639 x 4640 \emph default 4641 ) 4642 \series default 4643 evaluates to the cosine of 4644 \emph on 4645 x 4646 \emph default 4647 , where 4648 \emph on 4649 x 4650 \emph default 4651 is given in radians. 4652 4653 \end_layout 4654 4655 \begin_layout Description 4656 4657 \series medium 4658 float 4659 \begin_inset space ~ 4660 \end_inset 4661 4662 4663 \series default 4664 cosh 4665 \series medium 4666 (float|int 4667 \emph on 4668 4669 \begin_inset space ~ 4670 \end_inset 4671 4672 x 4673 \emph default 4674 ) 4675 \series default 4676 evaluates to the hyperbolic cosine of 4677 \emph on 4678 x 4679 \emph default 4680 , where 4681 \emph on 4682 x 4683 \emph default 4684 is given in radians. 4685 4686 \end_layout 4687 4688 \begin_layout Description 4689 4690 \series medium 4691 float 4692 \begin_inset space ~ 4693 \end_inset 4694 4695 4696 \series default 4697 deg2rad 4698 \series medium 4699 (float|int 4700 \emph on 4701 4702 \begin_inset space ~ 4703 \end_inset 4704 4705 x 4706 \emph default 4707 ) 4708 \series default 4709 evaluates to the degrees that are equivalent to 4710 \emph on 4711 x 4712 \emph default 4713 radians. 4714 4715 \end_layout 4716 4717 \begin_layout Description 4718 4719 \series medium 4720 float 4721 \begin_inset space ~ 4722 \end_inset 4723 4724 4725 \series default 4726 e 4727 \series medium 4728 () 4729 \series default 4730 evaluates to the Euler constant 4731 \emph on 4732 e 4733 \emph default 4734 . 4735 4736 \end_layout 4737 4738 \begin_layout Description 4739 4740 \series medium 4741 error 4742 \begin_inset space ~ 4743 \end_inset 4744 4745 4746 \series default 4747 error 4748 \series medium 4749 (string 4750 \emph on 4751 4752 \begin_inset space ~ 4753 \end_inset 4754 4755 message 4756 \emph default 4757 ) 4758 \series default 4759 evaluates to an error with the specified message. 4760 4761 \end_layout 4762 4763 \begin_layout Description 4764 eval 4765 \series medium 4766 (location) 4767 \series default 4768 evaluates to the value of the expression in the cell at the given 4769 \emph on 4770 location 4771 \emph default 4772 , but evaluated in the context of the cell using eval(). 4773 This function may not be used nested any deeper than 32 times. 4774 4775 \end_layout 4776 4777 \begin_layout Description 4778 4779 \series medium 4780 float 4781 \begin_inset space ~ 4782 \end_inset 4783 4784 4785 \series default 4786 float 4787 \series medium 4788 (string 4789 \emph on 4790 4791 \begin_inset space ~ 4792 \end_inset 4793 4794 s 4795 \emph default 4796 ) 4797 \series default 4798 converts the given string into a floating point number. 4799 4800 \end_layout 4801 4802 \begin_layout Description 4803 4804 \series medium 4805 float 4806 \begin_inset space ~ 4807 \end_inset 4808 4809 4810 \series default 4811 frac 4812 \series medium 4813 (float 4814 \emph on 4815 4816 \begin_inset space ~ 4817 \end_inset 4818 4819 x 4820 \emph default 4821 ) 4822 \series default 4823 evaluates to the fractional part of 4824 \emph on 4825 x 4826 \emph default 4827 . 4828 4829 \end_layout 4830 4831 \begin_layout Description 4832 4833 \series medium 4834 int 4835 \begin_inset space ~ 4836 \end_inset 4837 4838 4839 \series default 4840 int 4841 \series medium 4842 (float 4843 \emph on 4844 4845 \begin_inset space ~ 4846 \end_inset 4847 4848 x 4849 \emph default 4850 [,integer 4851 \emph on 4852 4853 \begin_inset space ~ 4854 \end_inset 4855 4856 neg 4857 \emph default 4858 , 4859 \begin_inset space ~ 4860 \end_inset 4861 4862 integer 4863 \emph on 4864 4865 \begin_inset space ~ 4866 \end_inset 4867 4868 pos 4869 \emph default 4870 ]) 4871 \series default 4872 converts 4873 \emph on 4874 x 4875 \emph default 4876 to an integer value by cutting off the fractional part. 4877 If given, the value of 4878 \emph on 4879 neg 4880 \emph default 4881 and 4882 \emph on 4883 pos 4884 \emph default 4885 determines how negative and non-negative numbers will be converted: 4886 \end_layout 4887 4888 \begin_layout Quote 4889 \begin_inset Tabular 4890 <lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="2"> 4891 <features> 4892 <column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="0"> 4893 <column alignment="left" valignment="top" width="0"> 4894 <row> 4895 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 4896 \begin_inset Text 4897 4898 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4899 4900 \emph on 4901 neg 4902 \emph default 4903 / 4904 \emph on 4905 pos 4906 \end_layout 4907 4908 \end_inset 4909 </cell> 4910 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 4911 \begin_inset Text 4912 4913 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4914 Result 4915 \end_layout 4916 4917 \end_inset 4918 </cell> 4919 </row> 4920 <row> 4921 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 4922 \begin_inset Text 4923 4924 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4925 < -1 4926 \end_layout 4927 4928 \end_inset 4929 </cell> 4930 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 4931 \begin_inset Text 4932 4933 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4934 next smaller integer value 4935 \end_layout 4936 4937 \end_inset 4938 </cell> 4939 </row> 4940 <row> 4941 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 4942 \begin_inset Text 4943 4944 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4945 -1 4946 \end_layout 4947 4948 \end_inset 4949 </cell> 4950 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 4951 \begin_inset Text 4952 4953 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4954 round downward 4955 \end_layout 4956 4957 \end_inset 4958 </cell> 4959 </row> 4960 <row> 4961 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 4962 \begin_inset Text 4963 4964 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4965 0 4966 \end_layout 4967 4968 \end_inset 4969 </cell> 4970 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 4971 \begin_inset Text 4972 4973 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4974 cut fractional part off (default) 4975 \end_layout 4976 4977 \end_inset 4978 </cell> 4979 </row> 4980 <row> 4981 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 4982 \begin_inset Text 4983 4984 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4985 1 4986 \end_layout 4987 4988 \end_inset 4989 </cell> 4990 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 4991 \begin_inset Text 4992 4993 \begin_layout Plain Layout 4994 round upward 4995 \end_layout 4996 4997 \end_inset 4998 </cell> 4999 </row> 5000 <row> 5001 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none"> 5002 \begin_inset Text 5003 5004 \begin_layout Plain Layout 5005 > 1 5006 \end_layout 5007 5008 \end_inset 5009 </cell> 5010 <cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none"> 5011 \begin_inset Text 5012 5013 \begin_layout Plain Layout 5014 next larger integer value 5015 \end_layout 5016 5017 \end_inset 5018 </cell> 5019 </row> 5020 </lyxtabular> 5021 5022 \end_inset 5023 5024 5025 \end_layout 5026 5027 \begin_layout Description 5028 5029 \series medium 5030 int 5031 \begin_inset space ~ 5032 \end_inset 5033 5034 5035 \series default 5036 int 5037 \series medium 5038 (string 5039 \emph on 5040 5041 \begin_inset space ~ 5042 \end_inset 5043 5044 s 5045 \emph default 5046 ) 5047 \series default 5048 converts 5049 \emph on 5050 s 5051 \emph default 5052 to an integer number. 5053 5054 \end_layout 5055 5056 \begin_layout Description 5057 5058 \series medium 5059 string 5060 \begin_inset space ~ 5061 \end_inset 5062 5063 5064 \series default 5065 len 5066 \series medium 5067 (string 5068 \emph on 5069 5070 \begin_inset space ~ 5071 \end_inset 5072 5073 s 5074 \emph default 5075 ) 5076 \series default 5077 evaluates to the length of 5078 \emph on 5079 s 5080 \emph default 5081 . 5082 5083 \end_layout 5084 5085 \begin_layout Description 5086 5087 \series medium 5088 float 5089 \begin_inset space ~ 5090 \end_inset 5091 5092 5093 \series default 5094 log 5095 \series medium 5096 (float|int 5097 \emph on 5098 5099 \begin_inset space ~ 5100 \end_inset 5101 5102 x 5103 \emph default 5104 [,float|int 5105 \emph on 5106 5107 \begin_inset space ~ 5108 \end_inset 5109 5110 y 5111 \emph default 5112 ) 5113 \series default 5114 evaluates to the logarithm of 5115 \emph on 5116 x 5117 \emph default 5118 . 5119 If 5120 \emph on 5121 y 5122 \emph default 5123 is specified, the result will be the natural logarithm, otherwise it will 5124 be the logarithm to the base of 5125 \emph on 5126 y 5127 \emph default 5128 . 5129 5130 \end_layout 5131 5132 \begin_layout Description 5133 5134 \series medium 5135 location 5136 \begin_inset space ~ 5137 \end_inset 5138 5139 5140 \series default 5141 max 5142 \series medium 5143 (location 5144 \emph on 5145 5146 \begin_inset space ~ 5147 \end_inset 5148 5149 l1 5150 \emph default 5151 , 5152 \begin_inset space ~ 5153 \end_inset 5154 5155 location 5156 \emph on 5157 5158 \begin_inset space ~ 5159 \end_inset 5160 5161 l2 5162 \emph default 5163 ) 5164 \series default 5165 evaluates to the maximum in the same way min does for the minimum. 5166 5167 \end_layout 5168 5169 \begin_layout Description 5170 5171 \series medium 5172 location 5173 \begin_inset space ~ 5174 \end_inset 5175 5176 5177 \series default 5178 min 5179 \series medium 5180 (location 5181 \emph on 5182 5183 \begin_inset space ~ 5184 \end_inset 5185 5186 l1 5187 \emph default 5188 , 5189 \begin_inset space ~ 5190 \end_inset 5191 5192 location 5193 \emph on 5194 5195 \begin_inset space ~ 5196 \end_inset 5197 5198 l2 5199 \emph default 5200 ) 5201 \series default 5202 evaluates to the location of the minimum of all values in the block marked 5203 by the corners pointed to by 5204 \emph on 5205 l1 5206 \emph default 5207 and 5208 \emph on 5209 l2 5210 \emph default 5211 . 5212 Note that the empty cell is equal to 0, 0.0 and "", so if the first minimum 5213 is an empty cell, the result will be a pointer to this cell, too. 5214 If you are not interested in the location of the minimum but the value 5215 itself, use @(min( 5216 \emph on 5217 l1 5218 \emph default 5219 , 5220 \emph on 5221 l2 5222 \emph default 5223 )). 5224 5225 \end_layout 5226 5227 \begin_layout Description 5228 5229 \series medium 5230 int 5231 \begin_inset space ~ 5232 \end_inset 5233 5234 5235 \series default 5236 n 5237 \series medium 5238 (location 5239 \emph on 5240 5241 \begin_inset space ~ 5242 \end_inset 5243 5244 l1 5245 \emph default 5246 , 5247 \begin_inset space ~ 5248 \end_inset 5249 5250 location 5251 \emph on 5252 5253 \begin_inset space ~ 5254 \end_inset 5255 5256 l2 5257 \emph default 5258 ) 5259 \series default 5260 evaluates to the number of non-empty cells in the block marked by the corners 5261 pointed to by 5262 \emph on 5263 l1 5264 \emph default 5265 and 5266 \emph on 5267 l2 5268 \emph default 5269 . 5270 5271 \end_layout 5272 5273 \begin_layout Description 5274 poly 5275 \series medium 5276 (float|integer 5277 \emph on 5278 5279 \begin_inset space ~ 5280 \end_inset 5281 5282 x 5283 \emph default 5284 , 5285 \begin_inset space ~ 5286 \end_inset 5287 5288 float|integer 5289 \emph on 5290 5291 \begin_inset space ~ 5292 \end_inset 5293 5294 cn 5295 \emph default 5296 [, 5297 \begin_inset space ~ 5298 \end_inset 5299 5300 ...]) 5301 \series default 5302 evaluates the polynome 5303 \emph on 5304 5305 \begin_inset Formula $c_{n}\cdot x^{n}+\ldots+c_{0}\cdot x^{0}$ 5306 \end_inset 5307 5308 5309 \emph default 5310 . 5311 5312 \end_layout 5313 5314 \begin_layout Description 5315 5316 \series medium 5317 float 5318 \begin_inset space ~ 5319 \end_inset 5320 5321 5322 \series default 5323 rad2deg 5324 \series medium 5325 (float|int 5326 \emph on 5327 5328 \begin_inset space ~ 5329 \end_inset 5330 5331 x 5332 \emph default 5333 ) 5334 \series default 5335 evaluates to the radians that are equivalent to 5336 \emph on 5337 x 5338 \emph default 5339 degrees. 5340 5341 \end_layout 5342 5343 \begin_layout Description 5344 5345 \series medium 5346 float 5347 \begin_inset space ~ 5348 \end_inset 5349 5350 5351 \series default 5352 rnd 5353 \series medium 5354 () 5355 \series default 5356 evaluates to a pseudo-random number between 0.0 and 1.0. 5357 5358 \end_layout 5359 5360 \begin_layout Description 5361 5362 \series medium 5363 float 5364 \begin_inset space ~ 5365 \end_inset 5366 5367 5368 \series default 5369 sin 5370 \series medium 5371 (float|int 5372 \emph on 5373 5374 \begin_inset space ~ 5375 \end_inset 5376 5377 x 5378 \emph default 5379 ) 5380 \series default 5381 evaluates to the sine of 5382 \emph on 5383 x 5384 \emph default 5385 , where 5386 \emph on 5387 x 5388 \emph default 5389 is given in radians. 5390 5391 \end_layout 5392 5393 \begin_layout Description 5394 5395 \series medium 5396 float 5397 \begin_inset space ~ 5398 \end_inset 5399 5400 5401 \series default 5402 sinh 5403 \series medium 5404 (float|int 5405 \emph on 5406 5407 \begin_inset space ~ 5408 \end_inset 5409 5410 x 5411 \emph default 5412 ) 5413 \series default 5414 evaluates to the hyperbolic sine of 5415 \emph on 5416 x 5417 \emph default 5418 , where 5419 \emph on 5420 x 5421 \emph default 5422 is given in radians. 5423 5424 \end_layout 5425 5426 \begin_layout Description 5427 5428 \series medium 5429 string 5430 \begin_inset space ~ 5431 \end_inset 5432 5433 5434 \series default 5435 strftime 5436 \series medium 5437 (string 5438 \emph on 5439 5440 \begin_inset space ~ 5441 \end_inset 5442 5443 f 5444 \emph default 5445 5446 \begin_inset space ~ 5447 \end_inset 5448 5449 [, 5450 \begin_inset space ~ 5451 \end_inset 5452 5453 integer 5454 \emph on 5455 5456 \begin_inset space ~ 5457 \end_inset 5458 5459 t 5460 \emph default 5461 ]) 5462 \series default 5463 evaluates to the time 5464 \emph on 5465 t 5466 \emph default 5467 formatted according to the format specified in 5468 \emph on 5469 f 5470 \emph default 5471 . 5472 Times in 5473 \emph on 5474 t 5475 \emph default 5476 are counted in seconds since epoch (1970-1-1 0:00). 5477 If 5478 \emph on 5479 t 5480 \emph default 5481 is empty or 0, the actual time is used. 5482 For the format specifications consult the man page of your c library, strftime 5483 (3). 5484 Example: 5485 \emph on 5486 @(now)=int(strftime("%s")) 5487 \emph default 5488 sets the field with label now to the actual time. 5489 5490 \end_layout 5491 5492 \begin_layout Description 5493 5494 \series medium 5495 string 5496 \begin_inset space ~ 5497 \end_inset 5498 5499 5500 \series default 5501 string 5502 \series medium 5503 (location 5504 \emph on 5505 5506 \begin_inset space ~ 5507 \end_inset 5508 5509 l 5510 \emph default 5511 ) 5512 \end_layout 5513 5514 \begin_layout Description 5515 5516 \series medium 5517 string 5518 \begin_inset space ~ 5519 \end_inset 5520 5521 5522 \series default 5523 string 5524 \series medium 5525 (integer 5526 \emph on 5527 5528 \begin_inset space ~ 5529 \end_inset 5530 5531 x 5532 \emph default 5533 ) 5534 \series default 5535 5536 \end_layout 5537 5538 \begin_layout Description 5539 5540 \series medium 5541 string 5542 \begin_inset space ~ 5543 \end_inset 5544 5545 5546 \series default 5547 string 5548 \series medium 5549 (float 5550 \emph on 5551 5552 \begin_inset space ~ 5553 \end_inset 5554 5555 x 5556 \emph default 5557 [, 5558 \begin_inset space ~ 5559 \end_inset 5560 5561 [integer 5562 \emph on 5563 5564 \begin_inset space ~ 5565 \end_inset 5566 5567 precision 5568 \emph default 5569 ][, 5570 \begin_inset space ~ 5571 \end_inset 5572 5573 integer 5574 \emph on 5575 5576 \begin_inset space ~ 5577 \end_inset 5578 5579 scientific 5580 \emph default 5581 ]]) 5582 \series default 5583 evaluates to a string containing the current value of the given cell at 5584 location 5585 \emph on 5586 l 5587 \emph default 5588 , or to the numeric value 5589 \emph on 5590 x 5591 \emph default 5592 with the given 5593 \emph on 5594 precision 5595 \emph default 5596 . 5597 The 5598 \emph on 5599 scientific 5600 \emph default 5601 flag determines if decimal (0) or scientific (unequal 0) representation 5602 is used. 5603 5604 \end_layout 5605 5606 \begin_layout Description 5607 5608 \series medium 5609 int 5610 \begin_inset space ~ 5611 \end_inset 5612 5613 5614 \series default 5615 strptime 5616 \series medium 5617 (string 5618 \emph on 5619 5620 \begin_inset space ~ 5621 \end_inset 5622 5623 f 5624 \emph default 5625 , 5626 \begin_inset space ~ 5627 \end_inset 5628 5629 string 5630 \emph on 5631 5632 \begin_inset space ~ 5633 \end_inset 5634 5635 datetime 5636 \emph default 5637 ) 5638 \series default 5639 evaluates to the seconds since epoch (1970-1-1 0:00) of the 5640 \emph on 5641 datetime 5642 \emph default 5643 string, parsed according to the format specified in 5644 \emph on 5645 f 5646 \emph default 5647 . 5648 For the format specifications consult the man page of your c library, strptime 5649 (3). 5650 5651 \end_layout 5652 5653 \begin_layout Description 5654 5655 \series medium 5656 string 5657 \begin_inset space ~ 5658 \end_inset 5659 5660 5661 \series default 5662 substr 5663 \series medium 5664 (string 5665 \emph on 5666 5667 \begin_inset space ~ 5668 \end_inset 5669 5670 s, 5671 \emph default 5672 integer 5673 \emph on 5674 5675 \begin_inset space ~ 5676 \end_inset 5677 5678 x, 5679 \emph default 5680 integer 5681 \emph on 5682 5683 \begin_inset space ~ 5684 \end_inset 5685 5686 y 5687 \emph default 5688 ) 5689 \series default 5690 evaluates to the substring of 5691 \emph on 5692 s 5693 \emph default 5694 between 5695 \emph on 5696 x 5697 \emph default 5698 and 5699 \emph on 5700 y 5701 \emph default 5702 , which start at 0. 5703 5704 \end_layout 5705 5706 \begin_layout Description 5707 sum 5708 \series medium 5709 (location 5710 \emph on 5711 5712 \begin_inset space ~ 5713 \end_inset 5714 5715 l1 5716 \emph default 5717 , 5718 \begin_inset space ~ 5719 \end_inset 5720 5721 location 5722 \emph on 5723 5724 \begin_inset space ~ 5725 \end_inset 5726 5727 l2 5728 \emph default 5729 ) 5730 \series default 5731 evaluates to the sum of all values in the block marked by the corners pointed 5732 to by 5733 \emph on 5734 l1 5735 \emph default 5736 and 5737 \emph on 5738 l2 5739 \emph default 5740 . 5741 5742 \end_layout 5743 5744 \begin_layout Description 5745 5746 \series medium 5747 float 5748 \begin_inset space ~ 5749 \end_inset 5750 5751 5752 \series default 5753 tan 5754 \series medium 5755 (float|int 5756 \emph on 5757 5758 \begin_inset space ~ 5759 \end_inset 5760 5761 x 5762 \emph default 5763 ) 5764 \series default 5765 evaluates to the tangent of 5766 \emph on 5767 x 5768 \emph default 5769 , where 5770 \emph on 5771 x 5772 \emph default 5773 is given in radians. 5774 5775 \end_layout 5776 5777 \begin_layout Description 5778 5779 \series medium 5780 float 5781 \begin_inset space ~ 5782 \end_inset 5783 5784 5785 \series default 5786 tanh 5787 \series medium 5788 (float|int 5789 \emph on 5790 5791 \begin_inset space ~ 5792 \end_inset 5793 5794 x 5795 \emph default 5796 ) 5797 \series default 5798 evaluates to the hyperbolic tangent of 5799 \emph on 5800 x 5801 \emph default 5802 , where 5803 \emph on 5804 x 5805 \emph default 5806 is given in radians. 5807 5808 \end_layout 5809 5810 \begin_layout Description 5811 5812 \series medium 5813 int 5814 \begin_inset space ~ 5815 \end_inset 5816 5817 5818 \series default 5819 x 5820 \series medium 5821 ([location 5822 \emph on 5823 5824 \begin_inset space ~ 5825 \end_inset 5826 5827 l 5828 \emph default 5829 ]) 5830 \series default 5831 5832 \end_layout 5833 5834 \begin_layout Description 5835 5836 \series medium 5837 int 5838 \begin_inset space ~ 5839 \end_inset 5840 5841 5842 \series default 5843 y 5844 \series medium 5845 ([location 5846 \emph on 5847 5848 \begin_inset space ~ 5849 \end_inset 5850 5851 l 5852 \emph default 5853 ]) 5854 \series default 5855 5856 \end_layout 5857 5858 \begin_layout Description 5859 5860 \series medium 5861 int 5862 \begin_inset space ~ 5863 \end_inset 5864 5865 5866 \series default 5867 z 5868 \series medium 5869 ([location 5870 \emph on 5871 5872 \begin_inset space ~ 5873 \end_inset 5874 5875 l 5876 \emph default 5877 ]) 5878 \series default 5879 evaluate to the 5880 \emph on 5881 x 5882 \emph default 5883 , 5884 \emph on 5885 y 5886 \emph default 5887 and 5888 \emph on 5889 z 5890 \emph default 5891 position of the given location, of the currently updated cell if none is 5892 given. 5893 These functions are usually used in combination with the @ function for 5894 relative relations to other cells. 5895 5896 \end_layout 5897 5898 \begin_layout Subsection 5899 Expression Grammar 5900 \end_layout 5901 5902 \begin_layout Description 5903 digit::= 5904 \family typewriter 5905 0 5906 \family default 5907 | .. 5908 | 5909 \family typewriter 5910 9 5911 \end_layout 5912 5913 \begin_layout Description 5914 hex_digit::= 5915 \family typewriter 5916 0 5917 \family default 5918 | .. 5919 | 5920 \family typewriter 5921 9 5922 \family default 5923 | 5924 \family typewriter 5925 a 5926 \family default 5927 | .. 5928 | 5929 \family typewriter 5930 f 5931 \end_layout 5932 5933 \begin_layout Description 5934 octal_digit::= 5935 \family typewriter 5936 0 5937 \family default 5938 | .. 5939 | 5940 \family typewriter 5941 7 5942 \end_layout 5943 5944 \begin_layout Description 5945 decimal_integer::= 5946 \emph on 5947 digit 5948 \emph default 5949 { 5950 \emph on 5951 digit 5952 \emph default 5953 } 5954 \end_layout 5955 5956 \begin_layout Description 5957 hex_integer::= 5958 \family typewriter 5959 0x 5960 \family default 5961 5962 \emph on 5963 hex_digit 5964 \emph default 5965 { 5966 \emph on 5967 hexdigit 5968 \emph default 5969 } 5970 \end_layout 5971 5972 \begin_layout Description 5973 octal_integer::= 5974 \family typewriter 5975 0 5976 \family default 5977 5978 \emph on 5979 octal_digit 5980 \emph default 5981 { 5982 \emph on 5983 octdigit 5984 \emph default 5985 } 5986 \end_layout 5987 5988 \begin_layout Description 5989 integer::= 5990 \emph on 5991 decimal_integer 5992 \emph default 5993 | 5994 \emph on 5995 hex_integer 5996 \emph default 5997 | 5998 \emph on 5999 octal_integer 6000 \end_layout 6001 6002 \begin_layout Description 6003 float::= 6004 \emph on 6005 digit 6006 \emph default 6007 { 6008 \emph on 6009 digit 6010 \emph default 6011 } [ 6012 \family typewriter 6013 . 6014 6015 \family default 6016 ] { 6017 \emph on 6018 digit 6019 \emph default 6020 } [ 6021 \family typewriter 6022 e 6023 \family default 6024 | 6025 \family typewriter 6026 E 6027 \family default 6028 [ 6029 \family typewriter 6030 + 6031 \family default 6032 | 6033 \family typewriter 6034 - 6035 \family default 6036 ] 6037 \emph on 6038 digit 6039 \emph default 6040 { 6041 \emph on 6042 digit 6043 \emph default 6044 } ] 6045 \end_layout 6046 6047 \begin_layout Description 6048 quoted_character::= 6049 \emph on 6050 6051 \backslash 6052 any_character 6053 \end_layout 6054 6055 \begin_layout Description 6056 character::= 6057 \emph on 6058 any_character 6059 \emph default 6060 | 6061 \emph on 6062 quoted_character 6063 \end_layout 6064 6065 \begin_layout Description 6066 string::= 6067 \family typewriter 6068 " 6069 \family default 6070 { 6071 \emph on 6072 character 6073 \emph default 6074 } 6075 \family typewriter 6076 " 6077 \end_layout 6078 6079 \begin_layout Description 6080 identifier_character::= 6081 \family typewriter 6082 _ 6083 \family default 6084 | 6085 \family typewriter 6086 @ 6087 \family default 6088 | 6089 \family typewriter 6090 & 6091 \family default 6092 | 6093 \family typewriter 6094 . 6095 6096 \family default 6097 | 6098 \family typewriter 6099 $ 6100 \family default 6101 | 6102 \emph on 6103 alpha_character 6104 \end_layout 6105 6106 \begin_layout Description 6107 identifier::= 6108 \emph on 6109 identifier_character 6110 \emph default 6111 { 6112 \emph on 6113 identifier_character 6114 \emph default 6115 | 6116 \emph on 6117 digit 6118 \emph default 6119 } 6120 \end_layout 6121 6122 \begin_layout Description 6123 function::= 6124 \emph on 6125 identifier 6126 \emph default 6127 6128 \family typewriter 6129 ( 6130 \family default 6131 [ 6132 \emph on 6133 term 6134 \emph default 6135 ] { 6136 \family typewriter 6137 , 6138 \family default 6139 [ 6140 \emph on 6141 term 6142 \emph default 6143 ] } 6144 \family typewriter 6145 ) 6146 \end_layout 6147 6148 \begin_layout Description 6149 label::= 6150 \emph on 6151 identifier 6152 \end_layout 6153 6154 \begin_layout Description 6155 parenterm::= 6156 \family typewriter 6157 ( 6158 \family default 6159 6160 \emph on 6161 term 6162 \emph default 6163 6164 \family typewriter 6165 ) 6166 \end_layout 6167 6168 \begin_layout Description 6169 negterm::= 6170 \family typewriter 6171 - 6172 \family default 6173 6174 \emph on 6175 primary 6176 \end_layout 6177 6178 \begin_layout Description 6179 primary::= 6180 \emph on 6181 function 6182 \emph default 6183 | 6184 \emph on 6185 label 6186 \emph default 6187 | 6188 \emph on 6189 parenterm 6190 \emph default 6191 | 6192 \emph on 6193 negterm 6194 \end_layout 6195 6196 \begin_layout Description 6197 powterm::= 6198 \emph on 6199 primary 6200 \emph default 6201 { 6202 \family typewriter 6203 ‸ 6204 \family default 6205 6206 \emph on 6207 primary 6208 \emph default 6209 } 6210 \end_layout 6211 6212 \begin_layout Description 6213 mathterm::= 6214 \emph on 6215 powterm 6216 \emph default 6217 { 6218 \family typewriter 6219 / 6220 \family default 6221 | 6222 \family typewriter 6223 * 6224 \family default 6225 | 6226 \family typewriter 6227 % 6228 \family default 6229 6230 \emph on 6231 powterm 6232 \emph default 6233 } 6234 \end_layout 6235 6236 \begin_layout Description 6237 factor::= 6238 \emph on 6239 mathterm 6240 \emph default 6241 { 6242 \family typewriter 6243 + 6244 \family default 6245 | 6246 \family typewriter 6247 - 6248 \family default 6249 6250 \emph on 6251 mathterm 6252 \emph default 6253 } 6254 \end_layout 6255 6256 \begin_layout Description 6257 term::= 6258 \emph on 6259 factor 6260 \emph default 6261 { 6262 \family typewriter 6263 < 6264 \family default 6265 | 6266 \family typewriter 6267 <= 6268 \family default 6269 | 6270 \family typewriter 6271 >= 6272 \family default 6273 | 6274 \family typewriter 6275 > 6276 \family default 6277 | 6278 \family typewriter 6279 == 6280 \family default 6281 | 6282 \family typewriter 6283 != 6284 \family default 6285 6286 \emph on 6287 factor 6288 \emph default 6289 } 6290 \end_layout 6291 6292 \begin_layout Section 6293 Frequently Asked Questions 6294 \end_layout 6295 6296 \begin_layout Subsection 6297 Why is 1.0 unequal 1.0? 6298 \end_layout 6299 6300 \begin_layout Standard 6301 If your machine uses binary floating point arithmetic, and chances are that 6302 it does, you may eventually find yourself in the following situation: 6303 \end_layout 6304 6305 \begin_layout Quote 6306 0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1+0.1 6307 \end_layout 6308 6309 \begin_layout Standard 6310 You expect to see 1.0 as result, and indeed that is what you get. 6311 Now you compare this result to the constant 1.0, but surprisingly for many 6312 users, the result is 0. 6313 Appearantly, 1.0 is unequal 1.0 for teapot. 6314 6315 \end_layout 6316 6317 \begin_layout Standard 6318 This is not a bug in teapot, in fact it is not a bug at all. 6319 The problem is, that 0.1 (1.0/10.0) does not have an exact representation 6320 in binary floating point arithmetic, similar to how 1.0/3.0 does not have 6321 an exact representation in decimal arithmetic (or binary, for that matter). 6322 As such, a value very close to 0.1 is used, but when displaying it, it will 6323 be rounded to 0.1. 6324 The result is obvious, adding this number which is a little different from 6325 0.1 ten times leads to a result very close to but not quite 1.0. 6326 Since it is so close, displaying it rounded to only a few digits precision 6327 shows 1.0. 6328 6329 \end_layout 6330 6331 \begin_layout Standard 6332 To solve the comparison problem, teapot has the operator 6333 \family typewriter 6334 = 6335 \family default 6336 (in contrast to the operator ==), which compares two floating point values 6337 apart from the last significant bit. 6338 Use this operator to compare the two values from above and the result will 6339 be 1, meaning they are about equal. 6340 Don't assume that a number which can be expressed with a finite number 6341 of decimal digits will be represented exactly in binary floating point 6342 arithmetic. 6343 6344 \end_layout 6345 6346 \begin_layout Subsection 6347 How do I hide intermediate results? 6348 \end_layout 6349 6350 \begin_layout Standard 6351 If you used flat, two-dimensional spread sheets before, you are probably 6352 used to hidden cells which contain intermediate results, global constants, 6353 scratch areas and the like. 6354 teapot has no way to hide cells, but you have three dimensions. 6355 Just use one or more layers for such cells and give each cell a label in 6356 order to reference and find it easily. 6357 6358 \end_layout 6359 6360 \begin_layout Subsection 6361 Why is there no conditional evaluation? 6362 \end_layout 6363 6364 \begin_layout Standard 6365 There is no special operator or function for conditional evaluation. 6366 I could add one easily, but then next someone would ask for loops and someone 6367 else for user-defined functions, variables and so on. 6368 If you need a programming language, you know where to find it. 6369 6370 \end_layout 6371 6372 \begin_layout Standard 6373 But don't worry. 6374 The answer is, that conditional evaluation comes for free with teapot's 6375 orthogonal cell addressing. 6376 As an example, depending on the cell labelled 6377 \family typewriter 6378 X 6379 \family default 6380 being negative or not, you want the result to be the string 6381 \family typewriter 6382 "BAD 6383 \family default 6384 or 6385 \family typewriter 6386 "GOOD" 6387 \family default 6388 . 6389 This is the solution: 6390 \end_layout 6391 6392 \begin_layout Quote 6393 eval(&((@(X)>=0)+x(BAD),y(BAD),z(BAD))) 6394 \end_layout 6395 6396 \begin_layout Standard 6397 The cell labelled 6398 \family typewriter 6399 BAD 6400 \family default 6401 contains the string 6402 \family typewriter 6403 "BAD" 6404 \family default 6405 , its right neighbour contains the string 6406 \family typewriter 6407 "GOOD" 6408 \family default 6409 . 6410 If you have nested conditions, you could weight them with 1, 2, 4 and so 6411 on to address a bigger range of cells. 6412 Alternatively, you could make use of all three dimensions for nested conditions. 6413 6414 \end_layout 6415 6416 \end_body 6417 \end_document