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1 @c The GNU Free Documentation License. 2 @center Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 3 4 @c This file is intended to be included within another document, 5 @c hence no sectioning command or @node. 6 7 @display 8 Copyright @copyright{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 9 @uref{https://fsf.org/} 10 11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 13 @end display 14 15 @enumerate 0 16 @item 17 PREAMBLE 18 19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 20 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to 21 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 22 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 23 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 24 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible 25 for modifications made by others. 26 27 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative 28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 29 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 30 license designed for free software. 31 32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 34 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 35 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 36 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 37 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 38 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 39 40 @item 41 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 42 43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 44 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 45 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 46 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 47 work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, 48 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 49 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you 50 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission 51 under copyright law. 52 53 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the 54 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 55 modifications and/or translated into another language. 56 57 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section 58 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 59 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall 60 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall 61 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in 62 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain 63 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 64 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 65 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding 66 them. 67 68 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles 69 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice 70 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a 71 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not 72 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero 73 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant 74 Sections then there are none. 75 76 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, 77 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that 78 the Document is released under this License. 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For works in 110 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means 111 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, 112 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 113 114 The ``publisher'' means any person or entity that distributes copies 115 of the Document to the public. 116 117 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose 118 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 119 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 120 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', 121 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' 122 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 123 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. 124 125 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 126 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 127 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 128 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 129 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 130 no effect on the meaning of this License. 131 132 @item 133 VERBATIM COPYING 134 135 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 136 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 137 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 138 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 139 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 140 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 141 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 142 compensation in exchange for copies. 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In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 195 196 @enumerate A 197 @item 198 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 199 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 200 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 201 of the Document). 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To do this, add their titles to the 279 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 280 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 281 282 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains 283 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 284 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 285 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 286 standard. 287 288 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 289 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 290 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 291 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 292 through arrangements made by) any one entity. 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If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 315 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 316 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 317 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 318 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 319 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 320 321 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' 322 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 323 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', 324 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all 325 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' 326 327 @item 328 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 329 330 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 331 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 332 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 333 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 334 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 335 336 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 337 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 338 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 339 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 340 341 @item 342 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 343 344 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 345 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 346 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright 347 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 348 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 349 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 350 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 351 derivative works of the Document. 352 353 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 354 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 355 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 356 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 357 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 358 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 359 aggregate. 360 361 @item 362 TRANSLATION 363 364 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 365 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 366 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 367 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 368 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 369 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 370 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 371 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 372 the original English version of this License and the original versions 373 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 374 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 375 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 376 377 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', 378 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 379 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 380 title. 381 382 @item 383 TERMINATION 384 385 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document 386 except as expressly provided under this License. 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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 479 Free Documentation License''. 480 @end group 481 @end smallexample 482 483 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 484 replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.''@: line with this: 485 486 @smallexample 487 @group 488 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with 489 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts 490 being @var{list}. 491 @end group 492 @end smallexample 493 494 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 495 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 496 situation. 497 498 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 499 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 500 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 501 to permit their use in free software. 502 503 @c Local Variables: 504 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" 505 @c End: