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1 NEWSTRFTIME(3) Library Functions Manual NEWSTRFTIME(3)
2
3 NAME
4 strftime - format date and time
5
6 SYNOPSIS
7 #include <time.h>
8
9 size_t strftime(char *restrict buf, size_t maxsize,
10 char const *restrict format, struct tm const *restrict timeptr);
11
12 cc ... -ltz
13
14 DESCRIPTION
15 The strftime function formats the information from timeptr into the
16 array pointed to by buf according to the string pointed to by format.
17
18 The format string consists of zero or more conversion specifications
19 and ordinary characters. All ordinary characters are copied directly
20 into the array. A conversion specification consists of a percent sign
21 and one other character.
22
23 No more than maxsize bytes are placed into the array.
24
25 Each conversion specification is replaced by the characters as follows
26 which are then copied into the array.
27
28 %A is replaced by the locale's full weekday name.
29
30 %a is replaced by the locale's abbreviated weekday name.
31
32 %B is replaced by the locale's full month name.
33
34 %b or %h
35 is replaced by the locale's abbreviated month name.
36
37 %C is replaced by the century (a year divided by 100 and truncated
38 to an integer) as a decimal number [00,99].
39
40 %c is replaced by the locale's appropriate date and time
41 representation.
42
43 %D is equivalent to %m/%d/%y.
44
45 %d is replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
46
47 %e is replaced by the day of month as a decimal number [1,31];
48 single digits are preceded by a blank.
49
50 %F is equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format).
51
52 %G is replaced by the ISO 8601 year with century as a decimal
53 number. See also the %V conversion specification.
54
55 %g is replaced by the ISO 8601 year without century as a decimal
56 number [00,99]. This is the year that includes the greater part
57 of the week. (Monday as the first day of a week). See also the
58 %V conversion specification.
59
60 %H is replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number
61 [00,23].
62
63 %I is replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number
64 [01,12].
65
66 %j is replaced by the day of the year as a decimal number
67 [001,366].
68
69 %k is replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number
70 [0,23]; single digits are preceded by a blank.
71
72 %l is replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number
73 [1,12]; single digits are preceded by a blank.
74
75 %M is replaced by the minute as a decimal number [00,59].
76
77 %m is replaced by the month as a decimal number [01,12].
78
79 %n is replaced by a newline.
80
81 %p is replaced by the locale's equivalent of either "AM" or "PM".
82
83 %R is replaced by the time in the format %H:%M.
84
85 %r is replaced by the locale's representation of 12-hour clock time
86 using AM/PM notation.
87
88 %S is replaced by the second as a decimal number [00,60]. The
89 range of seconds is [00,60] instead of [00,59] to allow for the
90 periodic occurrence of leap seconds.
91
92 %s is replaced by the number of seconds since the Epoch (see
93 ctime(3)).
94
95 %T is replaced by the time in the format %H:%M:%S.
96
97 %t is replaced by a tab.
98
99 %U is replaced by the week number of the year (Sunday as the first
100 day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
101
102 %u is replaced by the weekday (Monday as the first day of the week)
103 as a decimal number [1,7].
104
105 %V is replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first
106 day of the week) as a decimal number [01,53]. If the week
107 containing January 1 has four or more days in the new year, then
108 it is week 1; otherwise it is week 53 of the previous year, and
109 the next week is week 1. The year is given by the %G conversion
110 specification.
111
112 %W is replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first
113 day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53].
114
115 %w is replaced by the weekday (Sunday as the first day of the week)
116 as a decimal number [0,6].
117
118 %X is replaced by the locale's appropriate time representation.
119
120 %x is replaced by the locale's appropriate date representation.
121
122 %Y is replaced by the year with century as a decimal number.
123
124 %y is replaced by the year without century as a decimal number
125 [00,99].
126
127 %Z is replaced by the time zone abbreviation, or by the empty
128 string if this is not determinable.
129
130 %z is replaced by the offset from the Prime Meridian in the format
131 +HHMM or -HHMM (ISO 8601) as appropriate, with positive values
132 representing locations east of Greenwich, or by the empty string
133 if this is not determinable. The numeric time zone abbreviation
134 -0000 is used when the time is Universal Time but local time is
135 indeterminate; by convention this is used for locations while
136 uninhabited, and corresponds to a zero offset when the time zone
137 abbreviation begins with "-".
138
139 %% is replaced by a single %.
140
141 %+ is replaced by the locale's date and time in date(1) format.
142
143 RETURN VALUE
144 If the conversion is successful, strftime returns the number of bytes
145 placed into the array, not counting the terminating NUL; errno is
146 unchanged if the returned value is zero. Otherwise, errno is set to
147 indicate the error, zero is returned, and the array contents are
148 unspecified.
149
150 ERRORS
151 This function fails if:
152
153 [ERANGE]
154 The total number of resulting bytes, including the terminating
155 NUL character, is more than maxsize.
156
157 This function may fail if:
158
159 [EOVERFLOW]
160 The format includes an %s conversion and the number of seconds
161 since the Epoch cannot be represented in a time_t.
162
163 SEE ALSO
164 date(1), getenv(3), newctime(3), newtzset(3), time(2), tzfile(5)
165
166 BUGS
167 There is no conversion specification for the phase of the moon.
168
169 NEWSTRFTIME(3)