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    1 =head1 NAME
    2 
    3 fping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
    4 
    5 =head1 SYNOPSIS
    6 
    7 B<fping> [ I<options> ] [ I<systems...> ]
    8 
    9 =head1 DESCRIPTION
   10 
   11 B<fping> is a program like B<ping> which uses the Internet Control Message
   12 Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a target host is responding.
   13 B<fping> differs from B<ping> in that you can specify any number of targets on the
   14 command line, or specify a file containing the lists of targets to ping.
   15 Instead of sending to one target until it times out or replies, B<fping> will
   16 send out a ping packet and move on to the next target in a round-robin fashion.
   17 In the default mode, if a target replies, it is noted and removed from the list
   18 of targets to check; if a target does not respond within a certain time limit
   19 and/or retry limit it is designated as unreachable. B<fping> also supports
   20 sending a specified number of pings to a target, or looping indefinitely (as in
   21 B<ping> ). Unlike B<ping>, B<fping> is meant to be used in scripts, so its
   22 output is designed to be easy to parse.  Current statistics can be obtained without
   23 termination of process with signal SIGQUIT (^\ from the keyboard on most systems).
   24 
   25 =head1 OPTIONS
   26 
   27 =over 5
   28 
   29 =item B<-4>, B<--ipv4>
   30 
   31 Restrict name resolution and IPs to IPv4 addresses.
   32 
   33 =item B<-6>, B<--ipv6>
   34 
   35 Restrict name resolution and IPs to IPv6 addresses.
   36 
   37 =item B<-a>, B<--alive>
   38 
   39 Show systems that are alive.
   40 
   41 =item B<-A>, B<--addr>
   42 
   43 Display targets by address rather than DNS name. Combined with -d, the output
   44 will be both the ip and (if available) the hostname.
   45 
   46 =item B<-b>, B<--size>=I<BYTES>
   47 
   48 Number of bytes of ping data to send.  The minimum size (normally 12) allows
   49 room for the data that B<fping> needs to do its work (sequence number,
   50 timestamp).  The reported received data size includes the IP header (normally
   51 20 bytes) and ICMP header (8 bytes), so the minimum total size is 40 bytes.
   52 Default is 56, as in B<ping>. Maximum is the theoretical maximum IP datagram
   53 size (64K), though most systems limit this to a smaller, system-dependent
   54 number.
   55 
   56 =item B<-B>, B<--backoff>=I<N>
   57 
   58 Backoff factor. In the default mode, B<fping> sends several requests to a
   59 target before giving up, waiting longer for a reply on each successive request.
   60 This parameter is the value by which the wait time (B<-t>) is multiplied on each
   61 successive request; it must be entered as a floating-point number (x.y). The
   62 default is 1.5.
   63 
   64 =item B<-c>, B<--count>=I<N>
   65 
   66 Number of request packets to send to each target.  In this mode, a line is
   67 displayed for each received response (this can suppressed with B<-q> or B<-Q>).
   68 Also, statistics about responses for each target are displayed when all
   69 requests have been sent (or when interrupted).
   70 
   71 =item B<-C>, B<--vcount>=I<N>
   72 
   73 Similar to B<-c>, but the per-target statistics are displayed in a format
   74 designed for automated response-time statistics gathering. For example:
   75 
   76  $ fping -C 5 -q somehost
   77  somehost : 91.7 37.0 29.2 - 36.8
   78 
   79 shows the response time in milliseconds for each of the five requests, with the
   80 C<-> indicating that no response was received to the fourth request.
   81 
   82 =item B<-d>, B<--rdns>
   83 
   84 Use DNS to lookup address of ping target. This allows you to give fping
   85 a list of IP addresses as input and print hostnames in the output. This is similar
   86 to option B<-n>/B<--name>, but will force a reverse-DNS lookup even if you give
   87 hostnames as target (NAME->IP->NAME).
   88 
   89 =item B<-D>, B<--timestamp>
   90 
   91 Add Unix timestamps in front of output lines generated with in looping or counting
   92 modes (B<-l>, B<-c>, or B<-C>).
   93 
   94 =item B<-e>, B<--elapsed>
   95 
   96 Show elapsed (round-trip) time of packets.
   97 
   98 =item B<-f>, B<--file>
   99 
  100 Read list of targets from a file.  This option can only be used by the root
  101 user. Regular users should pipe in the file via stdin:
  102 
  103  $ fping < targets_file
  104 
  105 =item B<-g>, B<--generate> I<addr/mask>
  106 
  107 Generate a target list from a supplied IP netmask, or a starting and ending IP.
  108 Specify the netmask or start/end in the targets portion of the command line. If
  109 a network with netmask is given, the network and broadcast addresses will be
  110 excluded. ex. To ping the network 192.168.1.0/24, the specified command line
  111 could look like either:
  112 
  113  $ fping -g 192.168.1.0/24
  114 
  115 or
  116 
  117  $ fping -g 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254
  118 
  119 =item B<-h>, B<--help>
  120 
  121 Print usage message.
  122 
  123 =item B<-H>, B<--ttl>=I<N>
  124 
  125 Set the IP TTL field (time to live hops).
  126 
  127 =item B<-i>, B<--interval>=I<MSEC>
  128 
  129 The minimum amount of time (in milliseconds) between sending a ping packet
  130 to any target (default is 10, minimum is 1).
  131 
  132 =item B<-I>, B<--iface>=I<IFACE>
  133 
  134 Set the interface (requires SO_BINDTODEVICE support).
  135 
  136 =item B<-l>, B<--loop>
  137 
  138 Loop sending packets to each target indefinitely. Can be interrupted with
  139 Ctrl-C; statistics about responses for each target are then displayed.
  140 
  141 =item B<-m>, B<--all>
  142 
  143 Send pings to each of a target host's multiple IP addresses (use of option '-A'
  144 is recommended).
  145 
  146 =item B<-M>, B<--dontfrag>
  147 
  148 Set the "Don't Fragment" bit in the IP header (used to determine/test the MTU).
  149 
  150 =item B<-n>, B<--name>
  151 
  152 If targets are specified as IP addresses, do a reverse-DNS lookup on them
  153 to print hostnames in the output.
  154 
  155 =item B<-N>, B<--netdata>
  156 
  157 Format output for netdata (-l -Q are required). See: L<http://my-netdata.io/>
  158 
  159 =item B<-o>, B<--outage>
  160 
  161 Calculate "outage time" based on the number of lost pings and the interval used (useful for network convergence tests).
  162 
  163 =item B<-O>, B<--tos>=I<N>
  164 
  165 Set the typ of service flag (TOS). I<N> can be either decimal or hexadecimal
  166 (0xh) format.
  167 
  168 =item B<-p>, B<--period>=I<MSEC>
  169 
  170 In looping or counting modes (B<-l>, B<-c>, or B<-C>), this parameter sets
  171 the time in milliseconds that B<fping> waits between successive packets to
  172 an individual target. Default is 1000 and minimum is 10.
  173 
  174 =item B<-q>, B<--quiet>
  175 
  176 Quiet. Don't show per-probe results, but only the final summary. Also don't
  177 show ICMP error messages.
  178 
  179 =item B<-Q>, B<--squiet>=I<SECS>
  180 
  181 Like B<-q>, but additionally show interval summary results every I<SECS>
  182 seconds.
  183 
  184 =item B<-r>, B<--retry>=I<N>
  185 
  186 Retry limit (default 3). This is the number of times an attempt at pinging
  187 a target will be made, not including the first try.
  188 
  189 =item B<-R>, B<--random>
  190 
  191 Instead of using all-zeros as the packet data, generate random bytes.
  192 Use to defeat, e.g., link data compression.
  193 
  194 =item B<-s>, B<--stats>
  195 
  196 Print cumulative statistics upon exit.
  197 
  198 =item B<-S>, B<--src>=I<addr>
  199 
  200 Set source address.
  201 
  202 =item B<-t>, B<--timeout>=I<MSEC>
  203 
  204 Initial target timeout in milliseconds. In the default, non-loop mode, the
  205 default timeout is 500ms, and it represents the amount of time that B<fping>
  206 waits for a response to its first request. Successive timeouts are multiplied
  207 by the backoff factor specified with B<-B>.
  208 
  209 In loop/count mode, the default timeout is automatically adjusted to match
  210 the "period" value (but not more than 2000ms). You can still adjust the timeout
  211 value with this option, if you wish to, but note that setting a value larger
  212 than "period" produces inconsistent results, because the timeout value can
  213 be respected only for the last ping.
  214 
  215 Also note that any received replies that are larger than the timeout value, will
  216 be discarded.
  217 
  218 =item B<-T> I<n>
  219 
  220 Ignored (for compatibility with fping 2.4).
  221 
  222 =item B<-u>, B<--unreach>
  223 
  224 Show targets that are unreachable.
  225 
  226 =item B<-v>, B<--version>
  227 
  228 Print B<fping> version information.
  229 
  230 =item B<-x>, B<--reachable>=I<N>
  231 
  232 Given a list of hosts, this mode checks if number of reachable hosts is >= N
  233 and exits true in that case.
  234 
  235 =back
  236 
  237 =head1 EXAMPLES
  238 
  239 Generate 20 pings to two hosts in ca. 1 second (i.e. one ping every 50 ms to
  240 each host), and report every ping RTT at the end:
  241 
  242  $ fping --quiet --interval=1 --vcount=20 --period=50 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.2
  243 
  244 =head1 AUTHORS
  245 
  246 =over 4
  247 
  248 =item *
  249 
  250 Roland J. Schemers III, Stanford University, concept and versions 1.x
  251 
  252 =item *
  253 
  254 RL "Bob" Morgan, Stanford University, versions 2.x
  255 
  256 =item *
  257 
  258 David Papp, versions 2.3x and up
  259 
  260 =item *
  261 
  262 David Schweikert, versions 3.0 and up
  263 
  264 =back
  265 
  266 B<fping website: L<http://www.fping.org>>
  267 
  268 =head1 DIAGNOSTICS
  269 
  270 Exit status is 0 if all the hosts are reachable, 1 if some hosts
  271 were unreachable, 2 if any IP addresses were not found, 3 for invalid command
  272 line arguments, and 4 for a system call failure.
  273 
  274 =head1 RESTRICTIONS
  275 
  276 If fping was configured with C<--enable-safe-limits>, the following values are
  277 not allowed for non-root users:
  278 
  279 =over 4
  280 
  281 =item *
  282 
  283 B<-i> I<n>, where I<n> < 1 msec
  284 
  285 =item *
  286 
  287 B<-p> I<n>, where I<n> < 10 msec
  288 
  289 =back
  290 
  291 =head1 SEE ALSO
  292 
  293 C<ping(8)>