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1 /* Getopt for GNU.
2 NOTE: getopt is now part of the C library, so if you don't know what
3 "Keep this file name-space clean" means, talk to roland@gnu.ai.mit.edu
4 before changing it!
5
6 Copyright (C) 1987, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94
7 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
8
9 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
10 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
11 Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
12 later version.
13
14 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
15 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
16 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
17 GNU General Public License for more details.
18
19 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
20 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
21 Foundation, 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */
22
23 /* This tells Alpha OSF/1 not to define a getopt prototype in <stdio.h>.
24 Ditto for AIX 3.2 and <stdlib.h>. */
25 #ifndef _NO_PROTO
26 #define _NO_PROTO
27 #endif
28
29 #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
30 #if defined (emacs) || defined (CONFIG_BROKETS)
31 /* We use <config.h> instead of "config.h" so that a compilation
32 using -I. -I$srcdir will use ./config.h rather than $srcdir/config.h
33 (which it would do because it found this file in $srcdir). */
34 #include <config.h>
35 #else
36 #include "config.h"
37 #endif
38 #endif
39
40 #ifndef __STDC__
41 /* This is a separate conditional since some stdc systems
42 reject `defined (const)'. */
43 #ifndef const
44 #define const
45 #endif
46 #endif
47
48 #include <stdio.h>
49
50 #ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
51 #include <string.h>
52 #endif
53
54 /* Comment out all this code if we are using the GNU C Library, and are not
55 actually compiling the library itself. This code is part of the GNU C
56 Library, but also included in many other GNU distributions. Compiling
57 and linking in this code is a waste when using the GNU C library
58 (especially if it is a shared library). Rather than having every GNU
59 program understand `configure --with-gnu-libc' and omit the object files,
60 it is simpler to just do this in the source for each such file. */
61
62 #if defined (_LIBC) || !defined (__GNU_LIBRARY__)
63
64
65 /* This needs to come after some library #include
66 to get __GNU_LIBRARY__ defined. */
67 #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__
68 /* Don't include stdlib.h for non-GNU C libraries because some of them
69 contain conflicting prototypes for getopt. */
70 #include <stdlib.h>
71 #endif /* GNU C library. */
72
73 /* This version of `getopt' appears to the caller like standard Unix `getopt'
74 but it behaves differently for the user, since it allows the user
75 to intersperse the options with the other arguments.
76
77 As `getopt' works, it permutes the elements of ARGV so that,
78 when it is done, all the options precede everything else. Thus
79 all application programs are extended to handle flexible argument order.
80
81 Setting the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT disables permutation.
82 Then the behavior is completely standard.
83
84 GNU application programs can use a third alternative mode in which
85 they can distinguish the relative order of options and other arguments. */
86
87 #include "getopt.h"
88
89 /* For communication from `getopt' to the caller.
90 When `getopt' finds an option that takes an argument,
91 the argument value is returned here.
92 Also, when `ordering' is RETURN_IN_ORDER,
93 each non-option ARGV-element is returned here. */
94
95 char *optarg = NULL;
96
97 /* Index in ARGV of the next element to be scanned.
98 This is used for communication to and from the caller
99 and for communication between successive calls to `getopt'.
100
101 On entry to `getopt', zero means this is the first call; initialize.
102
103 When `getopt' returns EOF, this is the index of the first of the
104 non-option elements that the caller should itself scan.
105
106 Otherwise, `optind' communicates from one call to the next
107 how much of ARGV has been scanned so far. */
108
109 /* XXX 1003.2 says this must be 1 before any call. */
110 int optind = 0;
111
112 /* The next char to be scanned in the option-element
113 in which the last option character we returned was found.
114 This allows us to pick up the scan where we left off.
115
116 If this is zero, or a null string, it means resume the scan
117 by advancing to the next ARGV-element. */
118
119 static char *nextchar;
120
121 /* Callers store zero here to inhibit the error message
122 for unrecognized options. */
123
124 int opterr = 1;
125
126 /* Set to an option character which was unrecognized.
127 This must be initialized on some systems to avoid linking in the
128 system's own getopt implementation. */
129
130 int optopt = '?';
131
132 /* Describe how to deal with options that follow non-option ARGV-elements.
133
134 If the caller did not specify anything,
135 the default is REQUIRE_ORDER if the environment variable
136 POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, PERMUTE otherwise.
137
138 REQUIRE_ORDER means don't recognize them as options;
139 stop option processing when the first non-option is seen.
140 This is what Unix does.
141 This mode of operation is selected by either setting the environment
142 variable POSIXLY_CORRECT, or using `+' as the first character
143 of the list of option characters.
144
145 PERMUTE is the default. We permute the contents of ARGV as we scan,
146 so that eventually all the non-options are at the end. This allows options
147 to be given in any order, even with programs that were not written to
148 expect this.
149
150 RETURN_IN_ORDER is an option available to programs that were written
151 to expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
152 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
153 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1.
154 Using `-' as the first character of the list of option characters
155 selects this mode of operation.
156
157 The special argument `--' forces an end of option-scanning regardless
158 of the value of `ordering'. In the case of RETURN_IN_ORDER, only
159 `--' can cause `getopt' to return EOF with `optind' != ARGC. */
160
161 static enum
162 {
163 REQUIRE_ORDER, PERMUTE, RETURN_IN_ORDER
164 } ordering;
165
166 /* Value of POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable. */
167 static char *posixly_correct;
168
169 #ifdef __GNU_LIBRARY__
170 /* We want to avoid inclusion of string.h with non-GNU libraries
171 because there are many ways it can cause trouble.
172 On some systems, it contains special magic macros that don't work
173 in GCC. */
174 #include <string.h>
175 #define my_index strchr
176 #else
177
178 /* Avoid depending on library functions or files
179 whose names are inconsistent. */
180
181 char *getenv ();
182
183 static char *
184 my_index (str, chr)
185 const char *str;
186 int chr;
187 {
188 while (*str)
189 {
190 if (*str == chr)
191 return (char *) str;
192 str++;
193 }
194 return 0;
195 }
196
197 /* If using GCC, we can safely declare strlen this way.
198 If not using GCC, it is ok not to declare it. */
199 #ifdef __GNUC__
200 /* Note that Motorola Delta 68k R3V7 comes with GCC but not stddef.h.
201 That was relevant to code that was here before. */
202 #ifndef __STDC__
203 /* gcc with -traditional declares the built-in strlen to return int,
204 and has done so at least since version 2.4.5. -- rms. */
205 extern int strlen (const char *);
206 #endif /* not __STDC__ */
207 #endif /* __GNUC__ */
208
209 #endif /* not __GNU_LIBRARY__ */
210
211 /* Handle permutation of arguments. */
212
213 /* Describe the part of ARGV that contains non-options that have
214 been skipped. `first_nonopt' is the index in ARGV of the first of them;
215 `last_nonopt' is the index after the last of them. */
216
217 static int first_nonopt;
218 static int last_nonopt;
219
220 /* Exchange two adjacent subsequences of ARGV.
221 One subsequence is elements [first_nonopt,last_nonopt)
222 which contains all the non-options that have been skipped so far.
223 The other is elements [last_nonopt,optind), which contains all
224 the options processed since those non-options were skipped.
225
226 `first_nonopt' and `last_nonopt' are relocated so that they describe
227 the new indices of the non-options in ARGV after they are moved. */
228
229 static void
230 exchange (argv)
231 char **argv;
232 {
233 int bottom = first_nonopt;
234 int middle = last_nonopt;
235 int top = optind;
236 char *tem;
237
238 /* Exchange the shorter segment with the far end of the longer segment.
239 That puts the shorter segment into the right place.
240 It leaves the longer segment in the right place overall,
241 but it consists of two parts that need to be swapped next. */
242
243 while (top > middle && middle > bottom)
244 {
245 if (top - middle > middle - bottom)
246 {
247 /* Bottom segment is the short one. */
248 int len = middle - bottom;
249 register int i;
250
251 /* Swap it with the top part of the top segment. */
252 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
253 {
254 tem = argv[bottom + i];
255 argv[bottom + i] = argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i];
256 argv[top - (middle - bottom) + i] = tem;
257 }
258 /* Exclude the moved bottom segment from further swapping. */
259 top -= len;
260 }
261 else
262 {
263 /* Top segment is the short one. */
264 int len = top - middle;
265 register int i;
266
267 /* Swap it with the bottom part of the bottom segment. */
268 for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
269 {
270 tem = argv[bottom + i];
271 argv[bottom + i] = argv[middle + i];
272 argv[middle + i] = tem;
273 }
274 /* Exclude the moved top segment from further swapping. */
275 bottom += len;
276 }
277 }
278
279 /* Update records for the slots the non-options now occupy. */
280
281 first_nonopt += (optind - last_nonopt);
282 last_nonopt = optind;
283 }
284
285 /* Initialize the internal data when the first call is made. */
286
287 static const char *
288 _getopt_initialize (optstring)
289 const char *optstring;
290 {
291 /* Start processing options with ARGV-element 1 (since ARGV-element 0
292 is the program name); the sequence of previously skipped
293 non-option ARGV-elements is empty. */
294
295 first_nonopt = last_nonopt = optind = 1;
296
297 nextchar = NULL;
298
299 posixly_correct = getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT");
300
301 /* Determine how to handle the ordering of options and nonoptions. */
302
303 if (optstring[0] == '-')
304 {
305 ordering = RETURN_IN_ORDER;
306 ++optstring;
307 }
308 else if (optstring[0] == '+')
309 {
310 ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
311 ++optstring;
312 }
313 else if (posixly_correct != NULL)
314 ordering = REQUIRE_ORDER;
315 else
316 ordering = PERMUTE;
317
318 return optstring;
319 }
320
321 /* Scan elements of ARGV (whose length is ARGC) for option characters
322 given in OPTSTRING.
323
324 If an element of ARGV starts with '-', and is not exactly "-" or "--",
325 then it is an option element. The characters of this element
326 (aside from the initial '-') are option characters. If `getopt'
327 is called repeatedly, it returns successively each of the option characters
328 from each of the option elements.
329
330 If `getopt' finds another option character, it returns that character,
331 updating `optind' and `nextchar' so that the next call to `getopt' can
332 resume the scan with the following option character or ARGV-element.
333
334 If there are no more option characters, `getopt' returns `EOF'.
335 Then `optind' is the index in ARGV of the first ARGV-element
336 that is not an option. (The ARGV-elements have been permuted
337 so that those that are not options now come last.)
338
339 OPTSTRING is a string containing the legitimate option characters.
340 If an option character is seen that is not listed in OPTSTRING,
341 return '?' after printing an error message. If you set `opterr' to
342 zero, the error message is suppressed but we still return '?'.
343
344 If a char in OPTSTRING is followed by a colon, that means it wants an arg,
345 so the following text in the same ARGV-element, or the text of the following
346 ARGV-element, is returned in `optarg'. Two colons mean an option that
347 wants an optional arg; if there is text in the current ARGV-element,
348 it is returned in `optarg', otherwise `optarg' is set to zero.
349
350 If OPTSTRING starts with `-' or `+', it requests different methods of
351 handling the non-option ARGV-elements.
352 See the comments about RETURN_IN_ORDER and REQUIRE_ORDER, above.
353
354 Long-named options begin with `--' instead of `-'.
355 Their names may be abbreviated as long as the abbreviation is unique
356 or is an exact match for some defined option. If they have an
357 argument, it follows the option name in the same ARGV-element, separated
358 from the option name by a `=', or else the in next ARGV-element.
359 When `getopt' finds a long-named option, it returns 0 if that option's
360 `flag' field is nonzero, the value of the option's `val' field
361 if the `flag' field is zero.
362
363 The elements of ARGV aren't really const, because we permute them.
364 But we pretend they're const in the prototype to be compatible
365 with other systems.
366
367 LONGOPTS is a vector of `struct option' terminated by an
368 element containing a name which is zero.
369
370 LONGIND returns the index in LONGOPT of the long-named option found.
371 It is only valid when a long-named option has been found by the most
372 recent call.
373
374 If LONG_ONLY is nonzero, '-' as well as '--' can introduce
375 long-named options. */
376
377 int
378 _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring, longopts, longind, long_only)
379 int argc;
380 char *const *argv;
381 const char *optstring;
382 const struct option *longopts;
383 int *longind;
384 int long_only;
385 {
386 optarg = NULL;
387
388 if (optind == 0)
389 optstring = _getopt_initialize (optstring);
390
391 if (nextchar == NULL || *nextchar == '\0')
392 {
393 /* Advance to the next ARGV-element. */
394
395 if (ordering == PERMUTE)
396 {
397 /* If we have just processed some options following some non-options,
398 exchange them so that the options come first. */
399
400 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
401 exchange ((char **) argv);
402 else if (last_nonopt != optind)
403 first_nonopt = optind;
404
405 /* Skip any additional non-options
406 and extend the range of non-options previously skipped. */
407
408 while (optind < argc
409 && (argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0'))
410 optind++;
411 last_nonopt = optind;
412 }
413
414 /* The special ARGV-element `--' means premature end of options.
415 Skip it like a null option,
416 then exchange with previous non-options as if it were an option,
417 then skip everything else like a non-option. */
418
419 if (optind != argc && !strcmp (argv[optind], "--"))
420 {
421 optind++;
422
423 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt && last_nonopt != optind)
424 exchange ((char **) argv);
425 else if (first_nonopt == last_nonopt)
426 first_nonopt = optind;
427 last_nonopt = argc;
428
429 optind = argc;
430 }
431
432 /* If we have done all the ARGV-elements, stop the scan
433 and back over any non-options that we skipped and permuted. */
434
435 if (optind == argc)
436 {
437 /* Set the next-arg-index to point at the non-options
438 that we previously skipped, so the caller will digest them. */
439 if (first_nonopt != last_nonopt)
440 optind = first_nonopt;
441 return EOF;
442 }
443
444 /* If we have come to a non-option and did not permute it,
445 either stop the scan or describe it to the caller and pass it by. */
446
447 if ((argv[optind][0] != '-' || argv[optind][1] == '\0'))
448 {
449 if (ordering == REQUIRE_ORDER)
450 return EOF;
451 optarg = argv[optind++];
452 return 1;
453 }
454
455 /* We have found another option-ARGV-element.
456 Skip the initial punctuation. */
457
458 nextchar = (argv[optind] + 1
459 + (longopts != NULL && argv[optind][1] == '-'));
460 }
461
462 /* Decode the current option-ARGV-element. */
463
464 /* Check whether the ARGV-element is a long option.
465
466 If long_only and the ARGV-element has the form "-f", where f is
467 a valid short option, don't consider it an abbreviated form of
468 a long option that starts with f. Otherwise there would be no
469 way to give the -f short option.
470
471 On the other hand, if there's a long option "fubar" and
472 the ARGV-element is "-fu", do consider that an abbreviation of
473 the long option, just like "--fu", and not "-f" with arg "u".
474
475 This distinction seems to be the most useful approach. */
476
477 if (longopts != NULL
478 && (argv[optind][1] == '-'
479 || (long_only && (argv[optind][2] || !my_index (optstring, argv[optind][1])))))
480 {
481 char *nameend;
482 const struct option *p;
483 const struct option *pfound = NULL;
484 int exact = 0;
485 int ambig = 0;
486 int indfound;
487 int option_index;
488
489 for (nameend = nextchar; *nameend && *nameend != '='; nameend++)
490 /* Do nothing. */ ;
491
492 /* Test all long options for either exact match
493 or abbreviated matches. */
494 for (p = longopts, option_index = 0; p->name; p++, option_index++)
495 if (!strncmp (p->name, nextchar, nameend - nextchar))
496 {
497 if (nameend - nextchar == (int) strlen (p->name))
498 {
499 /* Exact match found. */
500 pfound = p;
501 indfound = option_index;
502 exact = 1;
503 break;
504 }
505 else if (pfound == NULL)
506 {
507 /* First nonexact match found. */
508 pfound = p;
509 indfound = option_index;
510 }
511 else
512 /* Second or later nonexact match found. */
513 ambig = 1;
514 }
515
516 if (ambig && !exact)
517 {
518 if (opterr)
519 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' is ambiguous\n",
520 argv[0], argv[optind]);
521 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
522 optind++;
523 return '?';
524 }
525
526 if (pfound != NULL)
527 {
528 option_index = indfound;
529 optind++;
530 if (*nameend)
531 {
532 /* Don't test has_arg with >, because some C compilers don't
533 allow it to be used on enums. */
534 if (pfound->has_arg)
535 optarg = nameend + 1;
536 else
537 {
538 if (opterr)
539 {
540 if (argv[optind - 1][1] == '-')
541 /* --option */
542 fprintf (stderr,
543 "%s: option `--%s' doesn't allow an argument\n",
544 argv[0], pfound->name);
545 else
546 /* +option or -option */
547 fprintf (stderr,
548 "%s: option `%c%s' doesn't allow an argument\n",
549 argv[0], argv[optind - 1][0], pfound->name);
550 }
551 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
552 return '?';
553 }
554 }
555 else if (pfound->has_arg == 1)
556 {
557 if (optind < argc)
558 optarg = argv[optind++];
559 else
560 {
561 if (opterr)
562 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option `%s' requires an argument\n",
563 argv[0], argv[optind - 1]);
564 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
565 return optstring[0] == ':' ? ':' : '?';
566 }
567 }
568 nextchar += strlen (nextchar);
569 if (longind != NULL)
570 *longind = option_index;
571 if (pfound->flag)
572 {
573 *(pfound->flag) = pfound->val;
574 return 0;
575 }
576 return pfound->val;
577 }
578
579 /* Can't find it as a long option. If this is not getopt_long_only,
580 or the option starts with '--' or is not a valid short
581 option, then it's an error.
582 Otherwise interpret it as a short option. */
583 if (!long_only || argv[optind][1] == '-'
584 || my_index (optstring, *nextchar) == NULL)
585 {
586 if (opterr)
587 {
588 if (argv[optind][1] == '-')
589 /* --option */
590 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `--%s'\n",
591 argv[0], nextchar);
592 else
593 /* +option or -option */
594 fprintf (stderr, "%s: unrecognized option `%c%s'\n",
595 argv[0], argv[optind][0], nextchar);
596 }
597 nextchar = (char *) "";
598 optind++;
599 return '?';
600 }
601 }
602
603 /* Look at and handle the next short option-character. */
604
605 {
606 char c = *nextchar++;
607 char *temp = my_index (optstring, c);
608
609 /* Increment `optind' when we start to process its last character. */
610 if (*nextchar == '\0')
611 ++optind;
612
613 if (temp == NULL || c == ':')
614 {
615 if (opterr)
616 {
617 if (posixly_correct)
618 /* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. */
619 fprintf (stderr, "%s: illegal option -- %c\n", argv[0], c);
620 else
621 fprintf (stderr, "%s: invalid option -- %c\n", argv[0], c);
622 }
623 optopt = c;
624 return '?';
625 }
626 if (temp[1] == ':')
627 {
628 if (temp[2] == ':')
629 {
630 /* This is an option that accepts an argument optionally. */
631 if (*nextchar != '\0')
632 {
633 optarg = nextchar;
634 optind++;
635 }
636 else
637 optarg = NULL;
638 nextchar = NULL;
639 }
640 else
641 {
642 /* This is an option that requires an argument. */
643 if (*nextchar != '\0')
644 {
645 optarg = nextchar;
646 /* If we end this ARGV-element by taking the rest as an arg,
647 we must advance to the next element now. */
648 optind++;
649 }
650 else if (optind == argc)
651 {
652 if (opterr)
653 {
654 /* 1003.2 specifies the format of this message. */
655 fprintf (stderr, "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n",
656 argv[0], c);
657 }
658 optopt = c;
659 if (optstring[0] == ':')
660 c = ':';
661 else
662 c = '?';
663 }
664 else
665 /* We already incremented `optind' once;
666 increment it again when taking next ARGV-elt as argument. */
667 optarg = argv[optind++];
668 nextchar = NULL;
669 }
670 }
671 return c;
672 }
673 }
674
675 int
676 getopt (argc, argv, optstring)
677 int argc;
678 char *const *argv;
679 const char *optstring;
680 {
681 return _getopt_internal (argc, argv, optstring,
682 (const struct option *) 0,
683 (int *) 0,
684 0);
685 }
686
687 #endif /* _LIBC or not __GNU_LIBRARY__. */
688
689 #ifdef TEST
690
691 /* Compile with -DTEST to make an executable for use in testing
692 the above definition of `getopt'. */
693
694 int
695 main (argc, argv)
696 int argc;
697 char **argv;
698 {
699 int c;
700 int digit_optind = 0;
701
702 while (1)
703 {
704 int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
705
706 c = getopt (argc, argv, "abc:d:0123456789");
707 if (c == EOF)
708 break;
709
710 switch (c)
711 {
712 case '0':
713 case '1':
714 case '2':
715 case '3':
716 case '4':
717 case '5':
718 case '6':
719 case '7':
720 case '8':
721 case '9':
722 if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
723 printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.\n");
724 digit_optind = this_option_optind;
725 printf ("option %c\n", c);
726 break;
727
728 case 'a':
729 printf ("option a\n");
730 break;
731
732 case 'b':
733 printf ("option b\n");
734 break;
735
736 case 'c':
737 printf ("option c with value `%s'\n", optarg);
738 break;
739
740 case '?':
741 break;
742
743 default:
744 printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\n", c);
745 }
746 }
747
748 if (optind < argc)
749 {
750 printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
751 while (optind < argc)
752 printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
753 printf ("\n");
754 }
755
756 exit (0);
757 }
758
759 #endif /* TEST */