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28.1_vs_28.2.
1 GNU Emacs history, versions, and release dates
2
3 For more details about release contents, see the NEWS* files.
4
5 Most of the development history of GNU Emacs is available in its
6 source code repository <https://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=emacs>.
7 However, in the early days GNU Emacs was developed without using
8 version control systems and was published via half-inch 9-track
9 1600-bpi magnetic tape reels. Although information about this early
10 development is sketchy, the following text summarizes what is known.
11
12 EMACS started out as a set of macros atop the TECO text editor, and
13 was first operational in late 1976. It was inspired by earlier work
14 such as the E editor of Stanford, and was based on older TECO macro
15 sets. See: Stallman RM. EMACS: The Extensible, Customizable
16 Self-Documenting Display Editor. AI Memo 519a, MIT, 1981-03-26
17 <http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/5736/AIM-519A.pdf>.
18 EMACS in turn inspired several similar editors. For a summary of
19 this history, see <https://github.com/larsbrinkhoff/emacs-history>.
20
21 In 1984, work began on GNU Emacs, a fresh implementation designed to
22 run on GNU and GNU-like systems, with a full-featured Lisp at its
23 core. GNU Emacs 1.0 through 1.12 were released in early 1985. The
24 next version after 1.12 was 13; this was the initial public release.
25
26 Here is a list of known GNU Emacs stable releases starting with the
27 initial public release. Entries in the list are of the form "GNU
28 Emacs N (DATE) TAG", where N is the version number, DATE the release
29 date, and TAG (if present) the corresponding tag in the source code
30 repository. Any commentary about the version starts on the next line.
31 Dates are approximate in the following list; some are when the version
32 was made, some are when it was announced.
33
34 GNU Emacs 13 (1985-03-20)
35 Initial release announced on Usenet.
36
37 GNU Emacs 15.10 (1985-04-10)
38
39 GNU Emacs 15.34 (1985-05-07)
40 Last version 15 release.
41
42 GNU Emacs 16.56 (1985-07-15)
43 First version 16 release.
44
45 GNU Emacs 16.57 (1985-09-16)
46
47 GNU Emacs 16.58 (1985-09-17)
48
49 GNU Emacs 16.59 (1985-09-17)
50
51 GNU Emacs 16.60 (1985-09-19)
52
53 GNU Emacs 17.36 (1985-12-20)
54 First version 17 release.
55
56 GNU Emacs 17.43 (1986-01-25)
57
58 GNU Emacs 17.46 (1986-02-04)
59
60 GNU Emacs 17.48 (1986-02-10)
61
62 GNU Emacs 17.49 (1986-02-12)
63
64 GNU Emacs 17.55 (1986-03-18)
65
66 GNU Emacs 17.57 (1986-03-27)
67
68 GNU Emacs 17.58 (1986-04-04)
69
70 GNU Emacs 17.61 (1986-04-22)
71
72 GNU Emacs 17.63 (1986-05-07)
73
74 GNU Emacs 17.64 (1986-05-12)
75
76 GNU Emacs 18.41 (1987-03-22)
77
78 GNU Emacs 18.45 (1987-06-02)
79
80 GNU Emacs 18.46 (1987-06-08)
81
82 GNU Emacs 18.47 (1987-06-10)
83
84 GNU Emacs 18.48 (1987-08-30)
85
86 GNU Emacs 18.49 (1987-09-18)
87
88 GNU Emacs 18.50 (1988-02-13)
89
90 GNU Emacs 18.51 (1988-05-07)
91
92 GNU Emacs 18.52 (1988-09-01)
93
94 GNU Emacs 18.53 (1989-02-24)
95
96 GNU Emacs 18.54 (1989-04-26)
97
98 GNU Emacs 18.55 (1989-08-23)
99
100 GNU Emacs 18.56 (1991-01-16)
101
102 GNU Emacs 18.57 (1991-01-25)
103
104 GNU Emacs 18.58 (1991-02-18)
105
106 GNU Emacs 18.59 (1992-10-30)
107
108 GNU Emacs 19.7 (1993-05-22)
109
110 GNU Emacs 19.8 (1993-05-24)
111
112 GNU Emacs 19.9 (1993-05-27)
113
114 GNU Emacs 19.10 (1993-05-30)
115
116 GNU Emacs 19.11 (1993-06-01)
117
118 GNU Emacs 19.12 (1993-06-02)
119
120 GNU Emacs 19.13 (1993-06-08)
121
122 GNU Emacs 19.14 (1993-06-17)
123
124 GNU Emacs 19.15 (1993-06-19)
125
126 GNU Emacs 19.16 (1993-07-06)
127
128 GNU Emacs 19.17 (1993-07-19)
129
130 GNU Emacs 19.18 (1993-08-08)
131
132 GNU Emacs 19.19 (1993-08-14)
133
134 GNU Emacs 19.20 (1993-11-11)
135
136 GNU Emacs 19.21 (1993-11-16)
137
138 GNU Emacs 19.22 (1993-11-27)
139
140 GNU Emacs 19.23 (1994-05-16)
141
142 GNU Emacs 19.24 (1994-05-23)
143
144 GNU Emacs 19.25 (1994-05-30)
145
146 GNU Emacs 19.26 (1994-09-07)
147
148 GNU Emacs 19.28 (1994-10-06)
149
150 GNU Emacs 19.29 (1995-06-19)
151
152 GNU Emacs 19.30 (1995-11-24)
153
154 GNU Emacs 19.31 (1996-05-25)
155
156 GNU Emacs 19.32 (1996-07-31)
157
158 GNU Emacs 19.33 (1996-08-11)
159
160 GNU Emacs 19.34 (1996-08-21) emacs-19.34
161
162 GNU Emacs 20.1 (1997-09-15) emacs-20.1
163
164 GNU Emacs 20.2 (1997-09-19) emacs-20.2
165
166 GNU Emacs 20.3 (1998-08-19) emacs-20.3
167
168 GNU Emacs 20.4 (1999-07-12) emacs-20.4
169
170 GNU Emacs 20.5 (1999-12-04)
171
172 GNU Emacs 20.6 (2000-02-15)
173
174 GNU Emacs 20.7 (2000-06-13)
175
176 GNU Emacs 21.1 (2001-10-20) emacs-21.1
177
178 GNU Emacs 21.2 (2002-03-16) emacs-21.2
179
180 GNU Emacs 21.3 (2003-03-19) emacs-21.3
181
182 GNU Emacs 21.4 (2005-02-08)
183
184 GNU Emacs 21.4a (2005-02-17)
185 This is Emacs 21.4 with an updated notice in etc/PROBLEMS.
186
187 GNU Emacs 22.1 (2007-06-02) emacs-22.1
188
189 GNU Emacs 22.2 (2008-03-26) emacs-22.2
190
191 GNU Emacs 22.3 (2008-09-05) emacs-22.3
192
193 GNU Emacs 23.1 (2009-07-29) emacs-23.1
194
195 GNU Emacs 23.2 (2010-05-08) emacs-23.2
196
197 GNU Emacs 23.3 (2011-03-10) emacs-23.3
198
199 GNU Emacs 23.4 (2012-01-29) emacs-23.4
200
201 GNU Emacs 24.1 (2012-06-10) emacs-24.1
202
203 GNU Emacs 24.2 (2012-08-27) emacs-24.2
204
205 GNU Emacs 24.3 (2013-03-10) emacs-24.3
206
207 GNU Emacs 24.4 (2014-10-20) emacs-24.4
208
209 GNU Emacs 24.5 (2015-04-10) emacs-24.5
210
211 GNU Emacs 25.1 (2016-09-16) emacs-25.1
212
213 GNU Emacs 25.2 (2017-04-20) emacs-25.2
214
215 GNU Emacs 25.3 (2017-09-11) emacs-25.3
216
217 GNU Emacs 26.1 (2018-05-28) emacs-26.1
218
219 GNU Emacs 26.2 (2019-04-12) emacs-26.2
220
221 GNU Emacs 26.3 (2019-08-28) emacs-26.3
222
223 GNU Emacs 27.1 (2020-08-10) emacs-27.1
224
225 GNU Emacs 27.2 (2021-03-25) emacs-27.2
226
227 GNU Emacs 28.1 (2022-04-04) emacs-28.1
228
229 GNU Emacs 28.2 (2022-09-12) emacs-28.2
230
231
232 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
233 This file is part of GNU Emacs.
234
235 GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
236 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
237 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
238 (at your option) any later version.
239
240 GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
241 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
242 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
243 GNU General Public License for more details.
244
245 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
246 along with GNU Emacs. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.