qrenc.c

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/**
 * qrencode - QR Code encoder
 *
 * QR Code encoding tool
 * Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Kentaro Fukuchi <kentaro@fukuchi.org>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */
 
#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include "config.h"
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <errno.h>
#if HAVE_PNG
#include <png.h>
#endif
 
#include "qrencode.h"
 
#define INCHES_PER_METER (100.0/2.54)
 
static int casesensitive = 1;
static int eightbit = 0;
static int version = 0;
static int size = 3;
static int margin = -1;
static int dpi = 72;
static int structured = 0;
static int rle = 0;
static int svg_path = 0;
static int micro = 0;
static int inline_svg = 0;
static int strict_versioning = 0;
static QRecLevel level = QR_ECLEVEL_L;
static QRencodeMode hint = QR_MODE_8;
static unsigned char fg_color[4] = {0, 0, 0, 255};
static unsigned char bg_color[4] = {255, 255, 255, 255};
 
static int verbose = 0;
 
enum imageType {
    PNG_TYPE,
    PNG32_TYPE,
    EPS_TYPE,
    SVG_TYPE,
    XPM_TYPE,
    ANSI_TYPE,
    ANSI256_TYPE,
    ASCII_TYPE,
    ASCIIi_TYPE,
    UTF8_TYPE,
    ANSIUTF8_TYPE,
    ANSI256UTF8_TYPE,
    UTF8i_TYPE,
    ANSIUTF8i_TYPE
};
 
static enum imageType image_type = PNG_TYPE;
 
static const struct option options[] = {
    {"help"          , no_argument      , NULL, 'h'},
    {"output"        , required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
    {"read-from"     , required_argument, NULL, 'r'},
    {"level"         , required_argument, NULL, 'l'},
    {"size"          , required_argument, NULL, 's'},
    {"symversion"    , required_argument, NULL, 'v'},
    {"margin"        , required_argument, NULL, 'm'},
    {"dpi"           , required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
    {"type"          , required_argument, NULL, 't'},
    {"structured"    , no_argument      , NULL, 'S'},
    {"kanji"         , no_argument      , NULL, 'k'},
    {"casesensitive" , no_argument      , NULL, 'c'},
    {"ignorecase"    , no_argument      , NULL, 'i'},
    {"8bit"          , no_argument      , NULL, '8'},
    {"micro"         , no_argument      , NULL, 'M'},
    {"rle"           , no_argument      , &rle,   1},
    {"svg-path"      , no_argument      , &svg_path, 1},
    {"inline"        , no_argument      , &inline_svg, 1},
    {"strict-version", no_argument      , &strict_versioning, 1},
    {"foreground"    , required_argument, NULL, 'f'},
    {"background"    , required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
    {"version"       , no_argument      , NULL, 'V'},
    {"verbose"       , no_argument      , &verbose, 1},
    {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};
 
static char *optstring = "ho:r:l:s:v:m:d:t:Skci8MV";
 
static void usage(int help, int longopt, int status)
{
    FILE *out = status ? stderr : stdout;
    fprintf(out,
"qrencode version %s\n"
"Copyright (C) 2006-2017 Kentaro Fukuchi\n", QRcode_APIVersionString());
    if(help) {
        if(longopt) {
            fprintf(out,
"Usage: qrencode [-o FILENAME] [OPTION]... [STRING]\n"
"Encode input data in a QR Code and save as a PNG or EPS image.\n\n"
"  -h, --help   display the help message. -h displays only the help of short\n"
"               options.\n\n"
"  -o FILENAME, --output=FILENAME\n"
"               write image to FILENAME. If '-' is specified, the result\n"
"               will be output to standard output. If -S is given, structured\n"
"               symbols are written to FILENAME-01.png, FILENAME-02.png, ...\n"
"               (suffix is removed from FILENAME, if specified)\n\n"
"  -r FILENAME, --read-from=FILENAME\n"
"               read input data from FILENAME.\n\n"
"  -s NUMBER, --size=NUMBER\n"
"               specify module size in dots (pixels). (default=3)\n\n"
"  -l {LMQH}, --level={LMQH}\n"
"               specify error correction level from L (lowest) to H (highest).\n"
"               (default=L)\n\n"
"  -v NUMBER, --symversion=NUMBER\n"
"               specify the minimum version of the symbol. See SYMBOL VERSIONS\n"
"               for more information. (default=auto)\n\n"
"  -m NUMBER, --margin=NUMBER\n"
"               specify the width of the margins. (default=4 (2 for Micro QR)))\n\n"
"  -d NUMBER, --dpi=NUMBER\n"
"               specify the DPI of the generated PNG. (default=72)\n\n"
"  -t {PNG,PNG32,EPS,SVG,XPM,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,UTF8i,ANSIUTF8,ANSIUTF8i,ANSI256UTF8},\n"
"  --type={PNG,PNG32,EPS,SVG,XPM,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,UTF8i,ANSIUTF8,ANSIUTF8i,ANSI256UTF8}\n"
"               specify the type of the generated image. (default=PNG)\n\n"
"  -S, --structured\n"
"               make structured symbols. Version must be specified with '-v'.\n\n"
"  -k, --kanji  assume that the input text contains kanji (shift-jis).\n\n"
"  -c, --casesensitive\n"
"               encode lower-case alphabet characters in 8-bit mode. (default)\n\n"
"  -i, --ignorecase\n"
"               ignore case distinctions and use only upper-case characters.\n\n"
"  -8, --8bit   encode entire data in 8-bit mode. -k, -c and -i will be ignored.\n\n"
"  -M, --micro  encode in a Micro QR Code.\n\n"
"      --rle    enable run-length encoding for SVG.\n\n"
"      --svg-path\n"
"               use single path to draw modules for SVG.\n\n"
"      --inline only useful for SVG output, generates an SVG without the XML tag.\n\n"
"      --foreground=RRGGBB[AA]\n"
"      --background=RRGGBB[AA]\n"
"               specify foreground/background color in hexadecimal notation.\n"
"               6-digit (RGB) or 8-digit (RGBA) form are supported.\n"
"               Color output support available only in PNG, EPS and SVG.\n\n"
"      --strict-version\n"
"               disable automatic version number adjustment. If the input data is\n"
"               too large for the specified version, the program exits with the\n"
"               code of 1.\n\n"
"  -V, --version\n"
"               display the version number and copyrights of the qrencode.\n\n"
"      --verbose\n"
"               display verbose information to stderr.\n\n"
"  [STRING]     input data. If it is not specified, data will be taken from\n"
"               standard input.\n\n"
"SYMBOL VERSIONS\n"
"               The symbol versions of QR Code range from Version 1 to Version\n"
"               40. Each version has a different module configuration or number\n"
"               of modules, ranging from Version 1 (21 x 21 modules) up to\n"
"               Version 40 (177 x 177 modules). Each higher version number\n"
"               comprises 4 additional modules per side by default. See\n"
"               http://www.qrcode.com/en/about/version.html for a detailed\n"
"               version list.\n"
 
            );
        } else {
            fprintf(out,
"Usage: qrencode [-o FILENAME] [OPTION]... [STRING]\n"
"Encode input data in a QR Code and save as a PNG or EPS image.\n\n"
"  -h           display this message.\n"
"  --help       display the usage of long options.\n"
"  -o FILENAME  write image to FILENAME. If '-' is specified, the result\n"
"               will be output to standard output. If -S is given, structured\n"
"               symbols are written to FILENAME-01.png, FILENAME-02.png, ...\n"
"               (suffix is removed from FILENAME, if specified)\n"
"  -r FILENAME  read input data from FILENAME.\n"
"  -s NUMBER    specify module size in dots (pixels). (default=3)\n"
"  -l {LMQH}    specify error correction level from L (lowest) to H (highest).\n"
"               (default=L)\n"
"  -v NUMBER    specify the minimum version of the symbol. (default=auto)\n"
"  -m NUMBER    specify the width of the margins. (default=4 (2 for Micro))\n"
"  -d NUMBER    specify the DPI of the generated PNG. (default=72)\n"
"  -t {PNG,PNG32,EPS,SVG,XPM,ANSI,ANSI256,ASCII,ASCIIi,UTF8,UTF8i,ANSIUTF8,ANSIUTF8i,ANSI256UTF8}\n"
"               specify the type of the generated image. (default=PNG)\n"
"  -S           make structured symbols. Version number must be specified with '-v'.\n"
"  -k           assume that the input text contains kanji (shift-jis).\n"
"  -c           encode lower-case alphabet characters in 8-bit mode. (default)\n"
"  -i           ignore case distinctions and use only upper-case characters.\n"
"  -8           encode entire data in 8-bit mode. -k, -c and -i will be ignored.\n"
"  -M           encode in a Micro QR Code.\n"
"  -V           display the version number and copyrights of the qrencode.\n"
"  [STRING]     input data. If it is not specified, data will be taken from\n"
"               standard input.\n\n"
"  Try \"qrencode --help\" for more options.\n"
            );
        }
    }
}
 
static int color_set(unsigned char color[4], const char *value)
{
    int len = strlen(value);
    int i, count;
    unsigned int col[4];
    if(len == 6) {
        count = sscanf(value, "%02x%02x%02x%n", &col[0], &col[1], &col[2], &len);
        if(count < 3 || len != 6) {
            return -1;
        }
        for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            color[i] = col[i];
        }
        color[3] = 255;
    } else if(len == 8) {
        count = sscanf(value, "%02x%02x%02x%02x%n", &col[0], &col[1], &col[2], &col[3], &len);
        if(count < 4 || len != 8) {
            return -1;
        }
        for(i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            color[i] = col[i];
        }
    } else {
        return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
#define MAX_DATA_SIZE (7090 * 2) /* timed by the safty factor 2 */
static unsigned char data_buffer[MAX_DATA_SIZE];
static unsigned char *readFile(FILE *fp, int *length)
{
    int ret;
 
    ret = fread(data_buffer, 1, MAX_DATA_SIZE, fp);
    if(ret == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No input data.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(feof(fp) == 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Input data is too large.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    data_buffer[ret] = '\0';
    *length = ret;
 
    return data_buffer;
}
 
static FILE *openFile(const char *outfile)
{
    FILE *fp;
 
    if(outfile == NULL || (outfile[0] == '-' && outfile[1] == '\0')) {
        fp = stdout;
    } else {
        fp = fopen(outfile, "wb");
        if(fp == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create file: %s\n", outfile);
            perror(NULL);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
 
    return fp;
}
 
#if HAVE_PNG
static void fillRow(unsigned char *row, int num, const unsigned char color[])
{
    int i;
 
    for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        memcpy(row, color, 4);
        row += 4;
    }
}
#endif
 
static int writePNG(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile, enum imageType type)
{
#if HAVE_PNG
    static FILE *fp; // avoid clobbering by setjmp.
    png_structp png_ptr;
    png_infop info_ptr;
    png_colorp palette = NULL;
    png_byte alpha_values[2];
    unsigned char *row, *p, *q;
    int x, y, xx, yy, bit;
    int realwidth;
 
    realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
    if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
        row = (unsigned char *)malloc((size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
    } else if(type == PNG32_TYPE) {
        row = (unsigned char *)malloc((size_t)realwidth * 4);
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "Internal error.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(row == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(outfile[0] == '-' && outfile[1] == '\0') {
        fp = stdout;
    } else {
        fp = fopen(outfile, "wb");
        if(fp == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create file: %s\n", outfile);
            perror(NULL);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
 
    png_ptr = png_create_write_struct(PNG_LIBPNG_VER_STRING, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if(png_ptr == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize PNG writer.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    info_ptr = png_create_info_struct(png_ptr);
    if(info_ptr == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize PNG write.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(setjmp(png_jmpbuf(png_ptr))) {
        png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to write PNG image.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
        palette = (png_colorp) malloc(sizeof(png_color) * 2);
        if(palette == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        palette[0].red   = fg_color[0];
        palette[0].green = fg_color[1];
        palette[0].blue  = fg_color[2];
        palette[1].red   = bg_color[0];
        palette[1].green = bg_color[1];
        palette[1].blue  = bg_color[2];
        alpha_values[0] = fg_color[3];
        alpha_values[1] = bg_color[3];
        png_set_PLTE(png_ptr, info_ptr, palette, 2);
        png_set_tRNS(png_ptr, info_ptr, alpha_values, 2, NULL);
    }
 
    png_init_io(png_ptr, fp);
    if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
        png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr,
                (unsigned int)realwidth, (unsigned int)realwidth,
                1,
                PNG_COLOR_TYPE_PALETTE,
                PNG_INTERLACE_NONE,
                PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT,
                PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT);
    } else {
        png_set_IHDR(png_ptr, info_ptr,
                (unsigned int)realwidth, (unsigned int)realwidth,
                8,
                PNG_COLOR_TYPE_RGB_ALPHA,
                PNG_INTERLACE_NONE,
                PNG_COMPRESSION_TYPE_DEFAULT,
                PNG_FILTER_TYPE_DEFAULT);
    }
    png_set_pHYs(png_ptr, info_ptr,
            dpi * INCHES_PER_METER,
            dpi * INCHES_PER_METER,
            PNG_RESOLUTION_METER);
    png_write_info(png_ptr, info_ptr);
 
    if(type == PNG_TYPE) {
    /* top margin */
        memset(row, 0xff, (size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
        for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
            png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
        }
 
        /* data */
        p = qrcode->data;
        for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
            memset(row, 0xff, (size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
            q = row;
            q += margin * size / 8;
            bit = 7 - (margin * size % 8);
            for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
                for(xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
                    *q ^= (*p & 1) << bit;
                    bit--;
                    if(bit < 0) {
                        q++;
                        bit = 7;
                    }
                }
                p++;
            }
            for(yy = 0; yy < size; yy++) {
                png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
            }
        }
        /* bottom margin */
        memset(row, 0xff, (size_t)((realwidth + 7) / 8));
        for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
            png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
        }
    } else {
    /* top margin */
        fillRow(row, realwidth, bg_color);
        for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
            png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
        }
 
        /* data */
        p = qrcode->data;
        for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
            fillRow(row, realwidth, bg_color);
            for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
                for(xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
                    if(*p & 1) {
                        memcpy(&row[((margin + x) * size + xx) * 4], fg_color, 4);
                    }
                }
                p++;
            }
            for(yy = 0; yy < size; yy++) {
                png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
            }
        }
        /* bottom margin */
        fillRow(row, realwidth, bg_color);
        for(y = 0; y < margin * size; y++) {
            png_write_row(png_ptr, row);
        }
    }
 
    png_write_end(png_ptr, info_ptr);
    png_destroy_write_struct(&png_ptr, &info_ptr);
 
    fclose(fp);
    free(row);
    free(palette);
 
    return 0;
#else
    fputs("PNG output is disabled at compile time. No output generated.\n", stderr);
    return 0;
#endif
}
 
static int writeEPS(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
    FILE *fp;
    unsigned char *row, *p;
    int x, y, yy;
    int realwidth;
 
    fp = openFile(outfile);
 
    realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
    /* EPS file header */
    fprintf(fp, "%%!PS-Adobe-2.0 EPSF-1.2\n"
                "%%%%BoundingBox: 0 0 %d %d\n"
                "%%%%Pages: 1 1\n"
                "%%%%EndComments\n", realwidth, realwidth);
    /* draw point */
    fprintf(fp, "/p { "
                "moveto "
                "0 1 rlineto "
                "1 0 rlineto "
                "0 -1 rlineto "
                "fill "
                "} bind def\n");
    /* set color */
    fprintf(fp, "gsave\n");
    fprintf(fp, "%f %f %f setrgbcolor\n",
            (float)bg_color[0] / 255,
            (float)bg_color[1] / 255,
            (float)bg_color[2] / 255);
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d scale\n", realwidth, realwidth);
    fprintf(fp, "0 0 p\ngrestore\n");
    fprintf(fp, "%f %f %f setrgbcolor\n",
            (float)fg_color[0] / 255,
            (float)fg_color[1] / 255,
            (float)fg_color[2] / 255);
    fprintf(fp, "%d %d scale\n", size, size);
 
    /* data */
    p = qrcode->data;
    for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
        row = (p+(y*qrcode->width));
        yy = (margin + qrcode->width - y - 1);
 
        for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
            if(*(row+x)&0x1) {
                fprintf(fp, "%d %d p ", margin + x,  yy);
            }
        }
    }
 
    fprintf(fp, "\n%%%%EOF\n");
    fclose(fp);
 
    return 0;
}
 
static void writeSVG_drawModules(FILE *fp, int x, int y, int width, const char* col, float opacity)
{
    if(svg_path) {
        fprintf(fp, "M%d,%dh%d", x, y, width);
    } else {
        if(fg_color[3] != 255) {
            fprintf(fp, "\t\t\t<rect x=\"%d\" y=\"%d\" width=\"%d\" height=\"1\" "\
                    "fill=\"#%s\" fill-opacity=\"%f\"/>\n",
                    x, y, width, col, opacity );
        } else {
            fprintf(fp, "\t\t\t<rect x=\"%d\" y=\"%d\" width=\"%d\" height=\"1\" "\
                    "fill=\"#%s\"/>\n",
                    x, y, width, col );
        }
    }
}
 
static int writeSVG(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
    FILE *fp;
    unsigned char *row, *p;
    int x, y, x0, pen;
    int symwidth, realwidth;
    float scale;
    char fg[7], bg[7];
    float fg_opacity;
    float bg_opacity;
 
    fp = openFile(outfile);
 
    scale = dpi * INCHES_PER_METER / 100.0;
 
    symwidth = qrcode->width + margin * 2;
    realwidth = symwidth * size;
 
    snprintf(fg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", fg_color[0], fg_color[1],  fg_color[2]);
    snprintf(bg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", bg_color[0], bg_color[1],  bg_color[2]);
    fg_opacity = (float)fg_color[3] / 255;
    bg_opacity = (float)bg_color[3] / 255;
 
    /* XML declaration */
    if (!inline_svg)
        fputs( "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?>\n", fp );
 
    /* DTD
       No document type specified because "while a DTD is provided in [the SVG]
       specification, the use of DTDs for validating XML documents is known to
       be problematic. In particular, DTDs do not handle namespaces gracefully.
       It is *not* recommended that a DOCTYPE declaration be included in SVG
       documents."
       http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/intro.html#Namespace
    */
 
    /* Vanity remark */
    fprintf(fp, "<!-- Created with qrencode %s (https://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/index.html) -->\n", QRcode_APIVersionString());
 
    /* SVG code start */
    fprintf(fp,
            "<svg width=\"%.2fcm\" height=\"%.2fcm\" viewBox=\"0 0 %d %d\""\
            " preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" version=\"1.1\""\
            " xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n",
            realwidth / scale, realwidth / scale, symwidth, symwidth
           );
 
    /* Make named group */
    fputs("\t<g id=\"QRcode\">\n", fp);
 
    /* Make solid background */
    if(bg_color[3] != 255) {
        fprintf(fp, "\t\t<rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\" fill=\"#%s\" fill-opacity=\"%f\"/>\n", symwidth, symwidth, bg, bg_opacity);
    } else {
        fprintf(fp, "\t\t<rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%d\" height=\"%d\" fill=\"#%s\"/>\n", symwidth, symwidth, bg);
    }
 
    if(svg_path) {
        if(fg_color[3] != 255) {
            fprintf(fp, "\t\t<path style=\"stroke:#%s;stroke-opacity:%f\" transform=\"translate(%d,%d.5)\" d=\"", fg, fg_opacity, margin, margin);
        } else {
            fprintf(fp, "\t\t<path style=\"stroke:#%s\" transform=\"translate(%d,%d.5)\" d=\"", fg, margin, margin);
        }
    } else {
        /* Create new viewbox for QR data */
        fprintf(fp, "\t\t<g id=\"Pattern\" transform=\"translate(%d,%d)\">\n", margin, margin);
    }
 
    /* Write data */
    p = qrcode->data;
    for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
        row = (p+(y*qrcode->width));
 
        if( !rle ) {
            /* no RLE */
            for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
                if(*(row+x)&0x1) {
                    writeSVG_drawModules(fp, x, y, 1, fg, fg_opacity);
                }
            }
        } else {
            /* simple RLE */
            pen = 0;
            x0  = 0;
            for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
                if( !pen ) {
                    pen = *(row+x)&0x1;
                    x0 = x;
                } else if(!(*(row+x)&0x1)) {
                    writeSVG_drawModules(fp, x0, y, x-x0, fg, fg_opacity);
                    pen = 0;
                }
            }
            if( pen ) {
                writeSVG_drawModules(fp, x0, y, qrcode->width - x0, fg, fg_opacity);
            }
        }
    }
 
    if(svg_path) {
        fputs("\"/>\n", fp);
    } else {
        /* Close QR data viewbox */
        fputs("\t\t</g>\n", fp);
    }
 
    /* Close group */
    fputs("\t</g>\n", fp);
 
    /* Close SVG code */
    fputs("</svg>\n", fp);
    fclose(fp);
 
    return 0;
}
 
static int writeXPM(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
    FILE *fp;
    int x, xx, y, yy, realwidth, realmargin;
    char *row;
    char fg[7], bg[7];
    unsigned char *p;
 
    fp = openFile(outfile);
 
    realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
    realmargin = margin * size;
 
    row = malloc((size_t)realwidth + 1);
    if (!row ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    snprintf(fg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", fg_color[0], fg_color[1],  fg_color[2]);
    snprintf(bg, 7, "%02x%02x%02x", bg_color[0], bg_color[1],  bg_color[2]);
 
    fputs("/* XPM */\n", fp);
    fputs("static const char *const qrcode_xpm[] = {\n", fp);
    fputs("/* width height ncolors chars_per_pixel */\n", fp);
    fprintf(fp, "\"%d %d 2 1\",\n", realwidth, realwidth);
 
    fputs("/* colors */\n", fp);
    fprintf(fp, "\"F c #%s\",\n", fg);
    fprintf(fp, "\"B c #%s\",\n", bg);
 
    fputs("/* pixels */\n", fp);
    memset(row, 'B', (size_t)realwidth);
    row[realwidth] = '\0';
 
    for (y = 0; y < realmargin; y++) {
        fprintf(fp, "\"%s\",\n", row);
    }
 
    p = qrcode->data;
    for (y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
        for (yy = 0; yy < size; yy++) {
            fputs("\"", fp);
 
            for (x = 0; x < margin; x++) {
                for (xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
                    fputs("B", fp);
                }
            }
 
            for (x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
                for (xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
                    if (p[(y * qrcode->width) + x] & 0x1) {
                        fputs("F", fp);
                    } else {
                        fputs("B", fp);
                    }
                }
            }
 
            for (x = 0; x < margin; x++) {
                for (xx = 0; xx < size; xx++) {
                    fputs("B", fp);
                }
            }
 
            fputs("\",\n", fp);
        }
    }
 
    for (y = 0; y < realmargin; y++) {
        fprintf(fp, "\"%s\"%s\n", row, y < (size - 1) ? "," : "};");
    }
 
    free(row);
    fclose(fp);
 
    return 0;
}
 
static void writeANSI_margin(FILE* fp, int realwidth,
                             char* buffer, const char* white, int white_s )
{
    int y;
 
    strncpy(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
    memset(buffer + white_s, ' ', (size_t)realwidth * 2);
    strcpy(buffer + white_s + realwidth * 2, "\033[0m\n"); // reset to default colors
    for(y = 0; y < margin; y++ ){
        fputs(buffer, fp);
    }
}
 
static int writeANSI(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile)
{
    FILE *fp;
    unsigned char *row, *p;
    int x, y;
    int realwidth;
    int last;
 
    const char *white, *black;
    char *buffer;
    int white_s, black_s, buffer_s;
 
    if(image_type == ANSI256_TYPE){
        /* codes for 256 color compatible terminals */
        white = "\033[48;5;231m";
        white_s = 11;
        black = "\033[48;5;16m";
        black_s = 10;
    } else {
        white = "\033[47m";
        white_s = 5;
        black = "\033[40m";
        black_s = 5;
    }
 
    size = 1;
 
    fp = openFile(outfile);
 
    realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * size;
    buffer_s = (realwidth * white_s) * 2;
    buffer = (char *)malloc((size_t)buffer_s);
    if(buffer == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    /* top margin */
    writeANSI_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, white, white_s);
 
    /* data */
    p = qrcode->data;
    for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
        row = (p+(y*qrcode->width));
 
        memset(buffer, 0, (size_t)buffer_s);
        strncpy(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
        for(x = 0; x < margin; x++ ){
            strncat(buffer, "  ", 2);
        }
        last = 0;
 
        for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
            if(*(row+x)&0x1) {
                if( last != 1 ){
                    strncat(buffer, black, (size_t)black_s);
                    last = 1;
                }
            } else if( last != 0 ){
                strncat(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
                last = 0;
            }
            strncat(buffer, "  ", 2);
        }
 
        if( last != 0 ){
            strncat(buffer, white, (size_t)white_s);
        }
        for(x = 0; x < margin; x++ ){
            strncat(buffer, "  ", 2);
        }
        strncat(buffer, "\033[0m\n", 5);
        fputs(buffer, fp);
    }
 
    /* bottom margin */
    writeANSI_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, white, white_s);
 
    fclose(fp);
    free(buffer);
 
    return 0;
}
 
static void writeUTF8_margin(FILE* fp, int realwidth, const char* white,
                             const char *reset, const char* full)
{
    int x, y;
 
    for (y = 0; y < margin/2; y++) {
        fputs(white, fp);
        for (x = 0; x < realwidth; x++)
            fputs(full, fp);
        fputs(reset, fp);
        fputc('\n', fp);
    }
}
 
static int writeUTF8(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile, int use_ansi, int invert)
{
    FILE *fp;
    int x, y;
    int realwidth;
    const char *white, *reset;
    const char *empty, *lowhalf, *uphalf, *full;
 
    empty = " ";
    lowhalf = "\342\226\204";
    uphalf = "\342\226\200";
    full = "\342\226\210";
 
    if (invert) {
        const char *tmp;
 
        tmp = empty;
        empty = full;
        full = tmp;
 
        tmp = lowhalf;
        lowhalf = uphalf;
        uphalf = tmp;
    }
 
    if (use_ansi){
        if (use_ansi == 2) {
            white = "\033[38;5;231m\033[48;5;16m";
        } else {
            white = "\033[40;37;1m";
        }
        reset = "\033[0m";
    } else {
        white = "";
        reset = "";
    }
 
    fp = openFile(outfile);
 
    realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2);
 
    /* top margin */
    writeUTF8_margin(fp, realwidth, white, reset, full);
 
    /* data */
    for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y += 2) {
        unsigned char *row1, *row2;
        row1 = qrcode->data + y*qrcode->width;
        row2 = row1 + qrcode->width;
 
        fputs(white, fp);
 
        for (x = 0; x < margin; x++) {
            fputs(full, fp);
        }
 
        for (x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
            if(row1[x] & 1) {
                if(y < qrcode->width - 1 && row2[x] & 1) {
                    fputs(empty, fp);
                } else {
                    fputs(lowhalf, fp);
                }
            } else if(y < qrcode->width - 1 && row2[x] & 1) {
                fputs(uphalf, fp);
            } else {
                fputs(full, fp);
            }
        }
 
        for (x = 0; x < margin; x++)
            fputs(full, fp);
 
        fputs(reset, fp);
        fputc('\n', fp);
    }
 
    /* bottom margin */
    writeUTF8_margin(fp, realwidth, white, reset, full);
 
    fclose(fp);
 
    return 0;
}
 
static void writeASCII_margin(FILE* fp, int realwidth, char* buffer, int invert)
{
    int y, h;
 
    h = margin;
 
    memset(buffer, (invert?'#':' '), (size_t)realwidth);
    buffer[realwidth] = '\n';
    buffer[realwidth + 1] = '\0';
    for(y = 0; y < h; y++ ){
        fputs(buffer, fp);
    }
}
 
static int writeASCII(const QRcode *qrcode, const char *outfile, int invert)
{
    FILE *fp;
    unsigned char *row;
    int x, y;
    int realwidth;
    char *buffer, *p;
    int buffer_s;
    char black = '#';
    char white = ' ';
 
    if(invert) {
        black = ' ';
        white = '#';
    }
 
    size = 1;
 
    fp = openFile(outfile);
 
    realwidth = (qrcode->width + margin * 2) * 2;
    buffer_s = realwidth + 2;
    buffer = (char *)malloc((size_t)buffer_s);
    if(buffer == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    /* top margin */
    writeASCII_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, invert);
 
    /* data */
    for(y = 0; y < qrcode->width; y++) {
        row = qrcode->data+(y*qrcode->width);
        p = buffer;
 
        memset(p, white, (size_t)margin * 2);
        p += margin * 2;
 
        for(x = 0; x < qrcode->width; x++) {
            if(row[x]&0x1) {
                *p++ = black;
                *p++ = black;
            } else {
                *p++ = white;
                *p++ = white;
            }
        }
 
        memset(p, white, (size_t)margin * 2);
        p += margin * 2;
        *p++ = '\n';
        *p++ = '\0';
        fputs( buffer, fp );
    }
 
    /* bottom margin */
    writeASCII_margin(fp, realwidth, buffer, invert);
 
    fclose(fp);
    free(buffer);
 
    return 0;
}
 
static QRcode *encode(const unsigned char *intext, int length)
{
    QRcode *code;
 
    if(micro) {
        if(eightbit) {
            code = QRcode_encodeDataMQR(length, intext, version, level);
        } else {
            code = QRcode_encodeStringMQR((char *)intext, version, level, hint, casesensitive);
        }
    } else if(eightbit) {
        code = QRcode_encodeData(length, intext, version, level);
    } else {
        code = QRcode_encodeString((char *)intext, version, level, hint, casesensitive);
    }
 
    return code;
}
 
static void qrencode(const unsigned char *intext, int length, const char *outfile)
{
    QRcode *qrcode;
 
    qrcode = encode(intext, length);
    if(qrcode == NULL) {
        if(errno == ERANGE) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data: Input data too large\n");
        } else {
            perror("Failed to encode the input data");
        }
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if(strict_versioning && version > 0 && qrcode->version != version) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data: Input data too large\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(verbose) {
        fprintf(stderr, "File: %s, Version: %d\n", (outfile!=NULL)?outfile:"(stdout)", qrcode->version);
    }
 
    switch(image_type) {
        case PNG_TYPE:
        case PNG32_TYPE:
            writePNG(qrcode, outfile, image_type);
            break;
        case EPS_TYPE:
            writeEPS(qrcode, outfile);
            break;
        case SVG_TYPE:
            writeSVG(qrcode, outfile);
            break;
        case XPM_TYPE:
            writeXPM(qrcode, outfile);
            break;
        case ANSI_TYPE:
        case ANSI256_TYPE:
            writeANSI(qrcode, outfile);
            break;
        case ASCIIi_TYPE:
            writeASCII(qrcode, outfile,  1);
            break;
        case ASCII_TYPE:
            writeASCII(qrcode, outfile,  0);
            break;
        case UTF8_TYPE:
            writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 0, 0);
            break;
        case ANSIUTF8_TYPE:
            writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 1, 0);
            break;
        case ANSI256UTF8_TYPE:
            writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 2, 0);
            break;
        case UTF8i_TYPE:
            writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 0, 1);
            break;
        case ANSIUTF8i_TYPE:
            writeUTF8(qrcode, outfile, 1, 1);
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown image type.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    QRcode_free(qrcode);
}
 
static QRcode_List *encodeStructured(const unsigned char *intext, int length)
{
    QRcode_List *list;
 
    if(eightbit) {
        list = QRcode_encodeDataStructured(length, intext, version, level);
    } else {
        list = QRcode_encodeStringStructured((char *)intext, version, level, hint, casesensitive);
    }
 
    return list;
}
 
static void qrencodeStructured(const unsigned char *intext, int length, const char *outfile)
{
    QRcode_List *qrlist, *p;
    char filename[FILENAME_MAX];
    char *base, *q, *suffix = NULL;
    const char *type_suffix;
    int i = 1;
    size_t suffix_size;
 
    switch(image_type) {
        case PNG_TYPE:
            type_suffix = ".png";
            break;
        case EPS_TYPE:
            type_suffix = ".eps";
            break;
        case SVG_TYPE:
            type_suffix = ".svg";
            break;
        case XPM_TYPE:
            type_suffix = ".xpm";
            break;
        case ANSI_TYPE:
        case ANSI256_TYPE:
        case ASCII_TYPE:
        case UTF8_TYPE:
        case ANSIUTF8_TYPE:
        case UTF8i_TYPE:
        case ANSIUTF8i_TYPE:
            type_suffix = ".txt";
            break;
        default:
            fprintf(stderr, "Unknown image type.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(outfile == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "An output filename must be specified to store the structured images.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    base = strdup(outfile);
    if(base == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate memory.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    suffix_size = strlen(type_suffix);
    if(strlen(base) > suffix_size) {
        q = base + strlen(base) - suffix_size;
        if(strcasecmp(type_suffix, q) == 0) {
            suffix = strdup(q);
            *q = '\0';
        }
    }
 
    qrlist = encodeStructured(intext, length);
    if(qrlist == NULL) {
        if(errno == ERANGE) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data: Input data too large\n");
        } else {
            perror("Failed to encode the input data");
        }
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    for(p = qrlist; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
        if(p->code == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to encode the input data.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        if(suffix) {
            snprintf(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s-%02d%s", base, i, suffix);
        } else {
            snprintf(filename, FILENAME_MAX, "%s-%02d", base, i);
        }
 
        if(verbose) {
            fprintf(stderr, "File: %s, Version: %d\n", filename, p->code->version);
        }
 
        switch(image_type) {
            case PNG_TYPE:
            case PNG32_TYPE:
                writePNG(p->code, filename, image_type);
                break;
            case EPS_TYPE:
                writeEPS(p->code, filename);
                break;
            case SVG_TYPE:
                writeSVG(p->code, filename);
                break;
            case XPM_TYPE:
                writeXPM(p->code, filename);
                break;
            case ANSI_TYPE:
            case ANSI256_TYPE:
                writeANSI(p->code, filename);
                break;
            case ASCIIi_TYPE:
                writeASCII(p->code, filename, 1);
                break;
            case ASCII_TYPE:
                writeASCII(p->code, filename, 0);
                break;
            case UTF8_TYPE:
                writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 0);
                break;
            case ANSIUTF8_TYPE:
                writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 0);
                break;
            case ANSI256UTF8_TYPE:
                writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 0);
                break;
            case UTF8i_TYPE:
                writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 1);
                break;
            case ANSIUTF8i_TYPE:
                writeUTF8(p->code, filename, 0, 1);
                break;
 
            default:
                fprintf(stderr, "Unknown image type.\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        i++;
    }
 
    free(base);
    if(suffix) {
        free(suffix);
    }
 
    QRcode_List_free(qrlist);
}
 
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int opt, lindex = -1;
    char *outfile = NULL, *infile = NULL;
    unsigned char *intext = NULL;
    int length = 0;
    FILE *fp;
 
    while((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, optstring, options, &lindex)) != -1) {
        switch(opt) {
            case 'h':
                if(lindex == 0) {
                    usage(1, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
                } else {
                    usage(1, 0, EXIT_SUCCESS);
                }
                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            case 'o':
                outfile = optarg;
                break;
            case 'r':
                infile = optarg;
                break;
            case 's':
                size = atoi(optarg);
                if(size <= 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid size: %d\n", size);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'v':
                version = atoi(optarg);
                if(version < 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid version: %d\n", version);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'l':
                switch(*optarg) {
                    case 'l':
                    case 'L':
                        level = QR_ECLEVEL_L;
                        break;
                    case 'm':
                    case 'M':
                        level = QR_ECLEVEL_M;
                        break;
                    case 'q':
                    case 'Q':
                        level = QR_ECLEVEL_Q;
                        break;
                    case 'h':
                    case 'H':
                        level = QR_ECLEVEL_H;
                        break;
                    default:
                        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid level: %s\n", optarg);
                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'm':
                margin = atoi(optarg);
                if(margin < 0) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid margin: %d\n", margin);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'd':
                dpi = atoi(optarg);
                if( dpi < 0 ) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid DPI: %d\n", dpi);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 't':
                if(strcasecmp(optarg, "png32") == 0) {
                    image_type = PNG32_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "png") == 0) {
                    image_type = PNG_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "eps") == 0) {
                    image_type = EPS_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "svg") == 0) {
                    image_type = SVG_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "xpm") == 0) {
                    image_type = XPM_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansi") == 0) {
                    image_type = ANSI_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansi256") == 0) {
                    image_type = ANSI256_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "asciii") == 0) {
                    image_type = ASCIIi_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ascii") == 0) {
                    image_type = ASCII_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "utf8") == 0) {
                    image_type = UTF8_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansiutf8") == 0) {
                    image_type = ANSIUTF8_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansi256utf8") == 0) {
                    image_type = ANSI256UTF8_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "utf8i") == 0) {
                    image_type = UTF8i_TYPE;
                } else if(strcasecmp(optarg, "ansiutf8i") == 0) {
                    image_type = ANSIUTF8i_TYPE;
                } else {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid image type: %s\n", optarg);
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'S':
                structured = 1;
                break;
            case 'k':
                hint = QR_MODE_KANJI;
                break;
            case 'c':
                casesensitive = 1;
                break;
            case 'i':
                casesensitive = 0;
                break;
            case '8':
                eightbit = 1;
                break;
            case 'M':
                micro = 1;
                break;
            case 'f':
                if(color_set(fg_color, optarg)) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid foreground color value.\n");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'b':
                if(color_set(bg_color, optarg)) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Invalid background color value.\n");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
                break;
            case 'V':
                usage(0, 0, EXIT_SUCCESS);
                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
            case 0:
                break;
            default:
                fprintf(stderr, "Try \"qrencode --help\" for more information.\n");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
 
    if(argc == 1) {
        usage(1, 0, EXIT_FAILURE);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(outfile == NULL && image_type == PNG_TYPE) {
        fprintf(stderr, "No output filename is given.\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(optind < argc) {
        intext = (unsigned char *)argv[optind];
        length = strlen((char *)intext);
    }
    if(intext == NULL) {
        fp = infile == NULL ? stdin : fopen(infile,"r");
        if(fp == 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read input file %s.\n", infile);
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        intext = readFile(fp,&length);
 
    }
 
    if(micro && version > MQRSPEC_VERSION_MAX) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Version number should be less or equal to %d.\n", MQRSPEC_VERSION_MAX);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    } else if(!micro && version > QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Version number should be less or equal to %d.\n", QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    if(margin < 0) {
        if(micro) {
            margin = 2;
        } else {
            margin = 4;
        }
    }
 
    if(micro) {
        if(structured) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Micro QR Code does not support structured symbols.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }
 
    if(structured) {
        if(version == 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Version number must be specified to encode structured symbols.\n");
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
        qrencodeStructured(intext, length, outfile);
    } else {
        qrencode(intext, length, outfile);
    }
 
    return 0;
}