"Fossies" - the Fresh Open Source Software Archive  

Source code changes of the file "doc/screen.1" between
screen-4.8.0.tar.gz and screen-4.9.0.tar.gz

About: GNU screen is a screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation (multiplexing up to 10 pseudo-terminals).

screen.1  (screen-4.8.0)	:	screen.1  (screen-4.9.0)
skipping to change at line 28		skipping to change at line 28
When screen is called, it creates a single window with a shell in it (o r the specified command) and then		When screen is called, it creates a single window with a shell in it (o r the specified command) and then
gets out of your way so that you can use the program as you normally woul d. Then, at any time, you can		gets out of your way so that you can use the program as you normally woul d. Then, at any time, you can
create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including more shells), kill existing win-		create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including more shells), kill existing win-
dows, view a list of windows, turn output logging on and off, copy-and-pa ste text between windows, view		dows, view a list of windows, turn output logging on and off, copy-and-pa ste text between windows, view
the scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish, etc. All windows run their		the scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish, etc. All windows run their
programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue to run w hen their window is currently not		programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue to run w hen their window is currently not
visible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user 's terminal. When a program ter-		visible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user 's terminal. When a program ter-
minates, screen (per default) kills the window that contained it. If thi s window was in the foreground,		minates, screen (per default) kills the window that contained it. If thi s window was in the foreground,
the display switches to the previous window; if none are left, screen exits. Shells usually distinguish		the display switches to the previous window; if none are left, screen exits. Shells usually distinguish
between running as login-shell or sub-shell. Screen runs them as sub-she lls, unless told otherwise (See		between running as login-shell or sub-shell. Screen runs them as sub-she lls, unless told otherwise (See
"shell" .screenrc command).		shell .screenrc command).
Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current windo w. The only exception to this is		Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current windo w. The only exception to this is
the one keystroke that is used to initiate a command to the window manag er. By default, each command		the one keystroke that is used to initiate a command to the window manag er. By default, each command
begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed by one other keystroke. The com-		begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed by one other keystroke. The com-
mand character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be any thing you like, though they are		mand character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be any thing you like, though they are
always two characters in length.		always two characters in length.
Screen does not understand the prefix "C-" to mean control, although thi		Screen does not understand the prefix C- to mean control, although thi
s notation is used in this manual		s notation is used in this manual
for readability. Please use the caret notation ("^A" instead of "C-a") a		for readability. Please use the caret notation (^A instead of C-a) as ar
s arguments to e.g. the escape		guments to e.g. the escape com-
command or the -e option. Screen will also print out control characters		mand or the -e option. Screen will also print out control characters in
in caret notation.		caret notation.
The standard way to create a new window is to type "C-a c". This creates a new window running a shell and		The standard way to create a new window is to type C-a c. This creates a new window running a shell and
switches to that window immediately, regardless of the state of the proce ss running in the current window.		switches to that window immediately, regardless of the state of the proce ss running in the current window.
Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in it by fi rst binding the command to a key-		Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in it by fi rst binding the command to a key-
stroke (in your .screenrc file or at the "C-a :" command line) and then u		stroke (in your .screenrc file or at the C-a : command line) and then usi
sing it just like the "C-a c"		ng it just like the C-a c com-
command. In addition, new windows can be created by running a command li		mand. In addition, new windows can be created by running a command like:
ke:
screen emacs prog.c		screen emacs prog.c
from a shell prompt within a previously created window. This will no t run another copy of screen, but		from a shell prompt within a previously created window. This will no t run another copy of screen, but
will instead supply the command name and its arguments to the window mana ger (specified in the $STY envi-		will instead supply the command name and its arguments to the window mana ger (specified in the $STY envi-
ronment variable) who will use it to create the new window. The above e xample would start the emacs edi-		ronment variable) who will use it to create the new window. The above e xample would start the emacs edi-
tor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window. - Note that you cannot tra nsport environment variables from		tor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window. - Note that you cannot tra nsport environment variables from
the invoking shell to the application (emacs in this case), because it is forked from the parent screen		the invoking shell to the application (emacs in this case), because it is forked from the parent screen
process, not from the invoking shell.		process, not from the invoking shell.
If "/etc/utmp" is writable by screen, an appropriate record will be writt		If /etc/utmp is writable by screen, an appropriate record will be written
en to this file for each window,		to this file for each window,
and removed when the window is terminated. This is useful for working w		and removed when the window is terminated. This is useful for working wi
ith "talk", "script", "shutdown",		th talk, script, shutdown, rsend,
"rsend", "sccs" and other similar programs that use the utmp file to dete		sccs and other similar programs that use the utmp file to determine who y
rmine who you are. As long as		ou are. As long as screen is
screen is active on your terminal, the terminal's own record is removed		active on your terminal, the terminal's own record is removed from the ut
from the utmp file. See also "C-a		mp file. See also C-a L.
L".
GETTING STARTED		GETTING STARTED
Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you have correctl		Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you have corre
y selected your terminal type,		ctly selected your terminal type,
just as you would for any other termcap/terminfo program. (You can do th		just as you would for any other termcap/terminfo program. (You can do th
is by using tset for example.)		is by using test for example.)
If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more read ing, you should remember this one		If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more read ing, you should remember this one
command: "C-a ?". Typing these two characters will display a list of th		command: C-a ?. Typing these two characters will display a list of
e available screen commands and		the available screen commands and
their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section "DEFAULT		their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section DEFAULT KEY BI
KEY BINDINGS". The manual section		NDINGS. The manual section CUS-
"CUSTOMIZATION" deals with the contents of your .screenrc.		TOMIZATION deals with the contents of your .screenrc.
If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow the l		If your terminal is a true auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow the
ast position on the screen to be		last position on the screen to be
updated without scrolling the screen) consider using a version of your		updated without scrolling the screen) consider using a version of your te
terminal's termcap that has auto-		rminal's termcap that has auto-
matic margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update		matic margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal up
of the screen in all circum-		date of the screen in all circum-
stances. Most terminals nowadays have "magic" margins (automatic margins		stances. Most terminals nowadays have magic margins (automatic margins pl
plus usable last column). This is		us usable last column). This is
the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for screen. If all you've got		the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for screen. If all you've g
is a "true" auto-margin terminal		ot is a true auto-margin terminal
screen will be content to use it, but updating a character put into th		screen will be content to use it, but updating a character put into the l
e last position on the screen may		ast position on the screen may
not be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a safe position in some other way.		not be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a safe position in some other way.
This delay can be shortened by using a terminal with insert-character cap ability.		This delay can be shortened by using a terminal with insert-character cap ability.
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS		COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS
Screen has the following command-line options:		Screen has the following command-line options:
-a include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each wind ow's termcap, even if screen must		-a include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each window 's termcap, even if screen must
redraw parts of the display in order to implement a function.		redraw parts of the display in order to implement a function.
-A Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current terminal.		-A Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current termi
By default, screen tries to		nal. By default, screen tries to
restore its old window sizes when attaching to resizable terminals		restore its old window sizes when attaching to resizable terminals (
(those with "WS" in its descrip-		those with WS in its description,
tion, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).		e.g. suncmd or some xterm).
-c file		-c file
override the default configuration file from "$HOME/.screenrc" to fi le.		override the default configuration file from $HOME/.screenrc to file .
-d|-D [pid.tty.host]		-d|-D [pid.tty.host]
does not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen ses		does not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen s
sion. It has the same effect as		ession. It has the same effect as
typing "C-a d" from screen's controlling terminal. -D is the equiva		typing C-a d from screen's controlling terminal. -D is the equivalen
lent to the power detach key. If		t to the power detach key. If no
no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combination w		session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combination wi
ith the -r/-R option more power-		th the -r/-R option more powerful
ful effects can be achieved:		effects can be achieved:
-d -r Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.		-d -r Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.
-d -R Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it firs t.		-d -R Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it firs t.
-d -RR Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use t he first session if more than one		-d -RR Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use the first session if more than one
session is available.		session is available.
-D -r Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely first .		-D -r Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely first .
-D -R Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is runnin		-D -R Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is run
g, then reattach. If necessary		ning, then reattach. If necessary
detach and logout remotely first. If it was not running creat		detach and logout remotely first. If it was not running create i
e it and notify the user. This is		t and notify the user. This is
the author's favorite.		the author's favorite.
-D -RR Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.		-D -RR Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.
Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of your sessions by means of "screen -list".		Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of your sessions by means of screen -list.
-e xy		-e xy
specifies the command character to be x and the character generating a literal command character to y		specifies the command character to be x and the character generating a literal command character to y
(when typed after the command character). The default is "C-a" a		(when typed after the command character). The default is C-a and `a
nd `a', which can be specified as		', which can be specified as
"-e^Aa". When creating a screen session, this option sets the defau		-e^Aa. When creating a screen session, this option sets the defau
lt command character. In a multi-		lt command character. In a multi-
user session all users added will start off with this command ch		user session all users added will start off with this command charac
aracter. But when attaching to an		ter. But when attaching to an
already running session, this option changes only the command charac		already running session, this option changes only the command chara
ter of the attaching user. This		cter of the attaching user. This
option is equivalent to either the commands "defescape" or "escape"		option is equivalent to either the commands defescape or escape resp
respectively.		ectively.
-f, -fn, and -fa		-f, -fn, and -fa
turns flow-control on, off, or "automatic switching mode". Thi		turns flow-control on, off, or automatic switching mode. This can a
s can also be defined through the		lso be defined through the def-
"defflow" .screenrc command.		flow .screenrc command.
-h num		-h num
Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.		Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.
-i will cause the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt the display		-i will cause the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt the display
immediately when flow-control is		immediately when flow-control is
on. See the "defflow" .screenrc command for details. The use of th		on. See the defflow .screenrc command for details. The use of this
is option is discouraged.		option is discouraged.
-l and -ln		-l and -ln
turns login mode on or off (for /etc/utmp updating). This can also be defined through the "deflogin"		turns login mode on or off (for /etc/utmp updating). This can also be defined through the deflogin
.screenrc command.		.screenrc command.
-ls [match]		-ls [match]
-list [match]		-list [match]
does not start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings ide		does not start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings
ntifying your screen sessions.		identifying your screen sessions.
Sessions marked `detached' can be resumed with "screen -r". Those		Sessions marked `detached' can be resumed with screen -r. Those mark
marked `attached' are running and		ed `attached' are running and
have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode,		have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mod
it is marked `multi'. Sessions		e, it is marked `multi'. Sessions
marked as `unreachable' either live on a different host or are `		marked as `unreachable' either live on a different host or are `dead
dead'. An unreachable session is		'. An unreachable session is
considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the local host, or the specified parameter,		considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the local host, or the specified parameter,
if any. See the -r flag for a description how to construct ma		if any. See the -r flag for a description how to construct matche
tches. Sessions marked as `dead'		s. Sessions marked as `dead'
should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system administr		should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system administ
ator if you are not sure. Remove		rator if you are not sure. Remove
sessions with the -wipe option.		sessions with the -wipe option.
-L tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.		-L tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.
-Logfile file		-Logfile file
By default logfile name is "screenlog.0". You can set new logfile na me with the "-Logfile" option.		By default logfile name is screenlog.0. You can set new logfile name with the -Logfile option.
-m causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With "screen		-m causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With screen -
-m" creation of a new session is		m creation of a new session is
enforced, regardless whether screen is called from within another sc		enforced, regardless whether screen is called from within another
reen session or not. This flag		screen session or not. This flag
has a special meaning in connection with the `-d' option:		has a special meaning in connection with the `-d' option:
-d -m Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but d		-d -m Start screen in detached mode. This creates a new session but doe
oesn't attach to it. This is use-		sn't attach to it. This is useful
ful for system startup scripts.		for system startup scripts.
-D -m This also starts screen in "detached" mode, but doesn't fork a ne		-D -m This also starts screen in detached mode, but doesn't fork a new
w process. The command exits if		process. The command exits if the
the session terminates.		session terminates.
-O selects an optimal output mode for your terminal rather than true VT 100 emulation (only affects auto-		-O selects an optimal output mode for your terminal rather than true VT 100 emulation (only affects auto-
margin terminals without `LP'). This can also be set in your .scre		margin terminals without `LP'). This can also be set in your .scree
enrc by specifying `OP' in a		nrc by specifying `OP' in a term-
"termcap" command.		cap command.
-p number_or_name|-|=|+		-p number_or_name|-|=|+
Preselect a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to a sp ecific window or you want to send		Preselect a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to a sp ecific window or you want to send
a command via the "-X" option to a specific window. As with screen's		a command via the -X option to a specific window. As with scree
select command, "-" selects the		n's select command, - selects the
blank window. As a special case for reattach, "=" brings up the wind		blank window. As a special case for reattach, = brings up the window
owlist on the blank window, while		list on the blank window, while a
a "+" will create a new window. The command will not be executed if		+ will create a new window. The command will not be executed if
the specified window could not be		the specified window could not be
found.		found.
-q Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with "-ls" the		-q Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with -ls the exi
exit value is as follows: 9 indi-		t value is as follows: 9 indi-
cates a directory without sessions. 10 indicates a directory with ru		cates a directory without sessions. 10 indicates a directory wit
nning but not attachable ses-		h running but not attachable ses-
sions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In com		sions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In combi
bination with "-r" the exit value		nation with -r the exit value is
is as follows: 10 indicates that there is no session to resume. 12 (		as follows: 10 indicates that there is no session to resume. 12 (or
or more) indicates that there are		more) indicates that there are 2
2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify which one to		(or more) sessions to resume and you should specify which one to cho
choose. In all other cases "-q"		ose. In all other cases -q has
has no effect.		no effect.
-Q Some commands now can be queried from a remote session using this fl		-Q Some commands now can be queried from a remote session using this
ag, e.g. "screen -Q windows". The		flag, e.g. screen -Q windows. The
commands will send the response to the stdout of the querying proc		commands will send the response to the stdout of the querying proces
ess. If there was an error in the		s. If there was an error in the
command, then the querying process will exit with a non-zero status.		command, then the querying process will exit with a non-zero status.
The commands that can be queried now are:		The commands that can be queried now are:
echo		echo
info		info
lastmsg		lastmsg
number		number
select		select
time		time
title		title
windows		windows
-r [pid.tty.host]		-r [pid.tty.host]
-r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]		-r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]
resumes a detached screen session. No other options (except combina		resumes a detached screen session. No other options (except combi
tions with -d/-D) may be speci-		nations with -d/-D) may be speci-
fied, though an optional prefix of [pid.]tty.host may be neede		fied, though an optional prefix of [pid.]tty.host may be needed t
d to distinguish between multiple		o distinguish between multiple
detached screen sessions. The second form is used to connect to ano		detached screen sessions. The second form is used to connect to an
ther user's screen session which		other user's screen session which
runs in multiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for		runs in multiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for s
sessions in another user's direc-		essions in another user's direc-
tory. This requires setuid-root.		tory. This requires setuid-root.
-R resumes screen only when it's unambiguous which one to attach, usu		-R resumes screen only when it's unambiguous which one to attach
ally when only one screen is		, usually when only one screen is
detached. Otherwise lists available sessions. -RR attempts to resu		detached. Otherwise lists available sessions. -RR attempts to resum
me the first detached screen ses-		e the first detached screen ses-
sion it finds. If successful, all other command-line options are ig		sion it finds. If successful, all other command-line options are
nored. If no detached session		ignored. If no detached session
exists, starts a new session using the specified options, just as		exists, starts a new session using the specified options, just as if
if -R had not been specified. The		-R had not been specified. The
option is set by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actuall		option is set by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actuall
y screen uses "-xRR" in that		y screen uses -xRR in that case).
case). For combinations with the -d/-D option see there.		For combinations with the -d/-D option see there.
-s program		-s program
sets the default shell to the program specified, instead of the		sets the default shell to the program specified, instead of the valu
value in the environment variable		e in the environment variable
$SHELL (or "/bin/sh" if not defined). This can also be defined thro		$SHELL (or /bin/sh if not defined). This can also be defined thr
ugh the "shell" .screenrc com-		ough the shell .screenrc command.
mand. See also there.		See also there.
-S sessionname		-S sessionname
When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a		When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a me
meaningful name for the session.		aningful name for the session.
This name identifies the session for "screen -list" and "screen -r		This name identifies the session for screen -list and screen -r ac
" actions. It substitutes the		tions. It substitutes the default
default [tty.host] suffix.		[tty.host] suffix. This name should not be longer then 80 symbols.
-t name		-t name
sets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified pr ogram. See also the "shelltitle"		sets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified prog ram. See also the shelltitle
.screenrc command.		.screenrc command.
-T term		-T term
Set the $TERM environment variable using the specified term as oppos ed to the default setting of		Set the $TERM environment variable using the specified term as opposed to the default setting of
screen.		screen.
-U Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your ter minal sends and understands UTF-8		-U Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your termina l sends and understands UTF-8
encoded characters. It also sets the default encoding for new window s to `utf8'.		encoded characters. It also sets the default encoding for new window s to `utf8'.
-v Print version number.		-v Print version number.
-wipe [match]		-wipe [match]
does the same as "screen -ls", but removes destroyed sessions instea		does the same as screen -ls, but removes destroyed sessions inste
d of marking them as `dead'. An		ad of marking them as `dead'. An
unreachable session is considered dead, when its name matches eith		unreachable session is considered dead, when its name matches either
er the name of the local host, or		the name of the local host, or
the explicitly given parameter, if any. See the -r flag for a descr iption how to construct matches.		the explicitly given parameter, if any. See the -r flag for a descr iption how to construct matches.
-x Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode). Scre en refuses to attach from within		-x Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode). Scr een refuses to attach from within
itself. But when cascading multiple screens, loops are not detected ; take care.		itself. But when cascading multiple screens, loops are not detected ; take care.
-X Send the specified command to a running screen session. You may		-X Send the specified command to a running screen session. You may use
use the -S option to specify the		the -S option to specify the
screen session if you have several screen sessions running. You can		screen session if you have several screen sessions running. You ca
use the -d or -r option to tell		n use the -d or -r option to tell
screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note		screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note t
that this command doesn't work if		hat this command doesn't work if
the session is password protected.		the session is password protected.
-4 Resolve hostnames only to IPv4 addresses.		-4 Resolve hostnames only to IPv4 addresses.
-6 Resolve hostnames only to IPv6 addresses.		-6 Resolve hostnames only to IPv6 addresses.
DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS		DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS
As mentioned, each screen command consists of a "C-a" followed by one oth		As mentioned, each screen command consists of a C-a followed by one
er character. For your conve-		other character. For your conve-
nience, all commands that are bound to lower-case letters are also bound		nience, all commands that are bound to lower-case letters are also bound
to their control character coun-		to their control character coun-
terparts (with the exception of "C-a a"; see below), thus, "C-a c" as wel		terparts (with the exception of C-a a; see below), thus, C-a c as well a
l as "C-a C-c" can be used to		s C-a C-c can be used to create a
create a window. See section "CUSTOMIZATION" for a description of the com		window. See section CUSTOMIZATION for a description of the command.
mand.
The following table shows the default key bindings. The trailing commas in boxes with multiple keystroke		The following table shows the default key bindings. The trailing commas i n boxes with multiple keystroke
entries are separators, not part of the bindings.		entries are separators, not part of the bindings.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a ' (select) Prompt for a window name or		C-a ' (select) Prompt for a window name or
number to switch to.		number to switch to.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a " (windowlist -b) Present a list of all win-		C-a " (windowlist -b) Present a list of all win-
dows for selection.		dows for selection.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a digit (select 0-9) Switch to window number 0 -		C-a digit (select 0-9) Switch to window number 0 -
9		9
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a - (select -) Switch to window number 0 -		C-a - (select -) Switch to window number 0 -
9, or to the blank window.		9, or to the blank window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a tab (focus) Switch the input focus to		C-a tab (focus) Switch the input focus to
the next region. See also		the next region. See also
split, remove, only.		split, remove, only.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a C-a (other) Toggle to the window dis-		C-a C-a (other) Toggle to the window dis-
played previously. Note		played previously. Note
that this binding defaults		that this binding defaults
to the command character		to the command character
typed twice, unless overrid-		typed twice, unless overrid-
den. For instance, if you		den. For instance, if you
use the option "-e]x", this		use the option -e]x, this
command becomes "]]".		command becomes ]].
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a a (meta) Send the command character		C-a a (meta) Send the command character
(C-a) to window. See escape		(C-a) to window. See escape
command.		command.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a A (title) Allow the user to enter a		C-a A (title) Allow the user to enter a
name for the current window.		name for the current window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a b, (break) Send a break to window.		C-a b, (break) Send a break to window.
C-a C-b		C-a C-b
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a B (pow_break) Reopen the terminal line and		C-a B (pow_break) Reopen the terminal line and
send a break.		send a break.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a c, (screen) Create a new window with a		C-a c, (screen) Create a new window with a
C-a C-c shell and switch to that		C-a C-c shell and switch to that
window.		window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a C (clear) Clear the screen.		C-a C (clear) Clear the screen.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a d, (detach) Detach screen from this ter-		C-a d, (detach) Detach screen from this ter-
C-a C-d minal.		C-a C-d minal.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a D D (pow_detach) Detach and logout.		C-a D D (pow_detach) Detach and logout.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a f, (flow) Toggle flow on, off or auto.		C-a f, (flow) Toggle flow on, off or auto.
C-a C-f		C-a C-f
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a F (fit) Resize the window to the		C-a F (fit) Resize the window to the
current region size.		current region size.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a C-g (vbell) Toggles screen's visual bell		C-a C-g (vbell) Toggles screen's visual bell
mode.		mode.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a h (hardcopy) Write a hardcopy of the cur-		C-a h (hardcopy) Write a hardcopy of the cur-
rent window to the file		rent window to the file
"hardcopy.n".		hardcopy.n.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a H (log) Begins/ends logging of the		C-a H (log) Begins/ends logging of the
current window to the file		current window to the file
"screenlog.n".		screenlog.n.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a i, (info) Show info about this window.		C-a i, (info) Show info about this window.
C-a C-i		C-a C-i
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a k, (kill) Destroy current window.		C-a k, (kill) Destroy current window.
C-a C-k		C-a C-k
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a l, (redisplay) Fully refresh current win-		C-a l, (redisplay) Fully refresh current win-
C-a C-l dow.		C-a C-l dow.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a L (login) Toggle this windows login		C-a L (login) Toggle this windows login
slot. Available only if		slot. Available only if
screen is configured to		screen is configured to
update the utmp database.		update the utmp database.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a m, (lastmsg) Repeat the last message dis-		C-a m, (lastmsg) Repeat the last message dis-
C-a C-m played in the message line.		C-a C-m played in the message line.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a M (monitor) Toggles monitoring of the		C-a M (monitor) Toggles monitoring of the
current window.		current window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a space, (next) Switch to the next window.		C-a space, (next) Switch to the next window.
C-a n,		C-a n,
C-a C-n		C-a C-n
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a N (number) Show the number (and title)		C-a N (number) Show the number (and title)
of the current window.		of the current window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a backspace, (prev) Switch to the previous win-		C-a backspace, (prev) Switch to the previous win-
C-a C-h, dow (opposite of C-a n).		C-a C-h, dow (opposite of C-a n).
C-a p,		C-a p,
C-a C-p		C-a C-p
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a q, (xon) Send a control-q to the cur-		C-a q, (xon) Send a control-q to the cur-
C-a C-q rent window.		C-a C-q rent window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a Q (only) Delete all regions but the		C-a Q (only) Delete all regions but the
current one. See also		current one. See also
split, remove, focus.		split, remove, focus.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a r, (wrap) Toggle the current window's		C-a r, (wrap) Toggle the current window's
C-a C-r line-wrap setting (turn the		C-a C-r line-wrap setting (turn the
current window's automatic		current window's automatic
margins on and off).		margins on and off).
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a s, (xoff) Send a control-s to the cur-		C-a s, (xoff) Send a control-s to the cur-
C-a C-s; rent window.		C-a C-s; rent window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a S (split) Split the current region		C-a S (split) Split the current region
horizontally into two new		horizontally into two new
ones. See also only,		ones. See also only,
remove, focus.		remove, focus.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a t, (time) Show system information.		C-a t, (time) Show system information.
C-a C-t		C-a C-t
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a v (version) Display the version and com-		C-a v (version) Display the version and com-
pilation date.		pilation date.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a C-v (digraph) Enter digraph.		C-a C-v (digraph) Enter digraph.
C-a w, (windows) Show a list of window.		C-a w, (windows) Show a list of window.
C-a C-w		C-a C-w
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a W (width) Toggle 80/132 columns.		C-a W (width) Toggle 80/132 columns.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a x or C-a C-x (lockscreen) Lock this terminal.		C-a x or C-a C-x (lockscreen) Lock this terminal.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a X (remove) Kill the current region.
		C-a X (remove) Kill the current region.
See also split, only, focus.		See also split, only, focus.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a z, (suspend) Suspend screen. Your system		C-a z, (suspend) Suspend screen. Your system
C-a C-z must support BSD-style job-		C-a C-z must support BSD-style job-
control.		control.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a Z (reset) Reset the virtual terminal		C-a Z (reset) Reset the virtual terminal
to its "power-on" values.		to its power-on values.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a . (dumptermcap) Write out a ".termcap" file.		C-a . (dumptermcap) Write out a .termcap file.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a ? (help) Show key bindings.		C-a ? (help) Show key bindings.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a \ (quit) Kill all windows and termi-		C-a \ (quit) Kill all windows and termi-
nate screen.		nate screen.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a : (colon) Enter command line mode.		C-a : (colon) Enter command line mode.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a [, (copy) Enter copy/scrollback mode.		C-a [, (copy) Enter copy/scrollback mode.
C-a C-[,		C-a C-[,
C-a esc		C-a esc
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a C-], (paste .) Write the contents of the		C-a C-], (paste .) Write the contents of the
C-a ] paste buffer to the stdin		C-a ] paste buffer to the stdin
queue of the current window.		queue of the current window.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a {, (history) Copy and paste a previous		C-a {, (history) Copy and paste a previous
C-a } (command) line.		C-a } (command) line.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a > (writebuf) Write paste buffer to a		C-a > (writebuf) Write paste buffer to a
file.		file.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a < (readbuf) Reads the screen-exchange		C-a < (readbuf) Reads the screen-exchange
file into the paste buffer.		file into the paste buffer.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a = (removebuf) Removes the file used by C-a		C-a = (removebuf) Removes the file used by C-a
< and C-a >.		< and C-a >.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a , (license) Shows where screen comes		C-a , (license) Shows where screen comes
from, where it went to and		from, where it went to and
why you can use it.		why you can use it.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a _ (silence) Start/stop monitoring the		C-a _ (silence) Start/stop monitoring the
current window for inactiv-		current window for inactiv-
ity.		ity.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a | (split -v) Split the current region		C-a | (split -v) Split the current region
vertically into two new		vertically into two new
ones.		ones.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a * (displays) Show a listing of all cur-		C-a * (displays) Show a listing of all cur-
rently attached displays.		rently attached displays.
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CUSTOMIZATION		CUSTOMIZATION
The "socket directory" defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply		The socket directory defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply to
to /tmp/screens or preferably to		/tmp/screens or preferably to
/usr/local/screens chosen at compile-time. If screen is installed setui		/usr/local/screens chosen at compile-time. If screen is installed se
d-root, then the administrator		tuid-root, then the administrator
should compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket di		should compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directo
rectory. If screen is not running		ry. If screen is not running
setuid-root, the user can specify any mode 700 directory in the environme nt variable $SCREENDIR.		setuid-root, the user can specify any mode 700 directory in the environme nt variable $SCREENDIR.
When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the file		When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the
s "/usr/local/etc/screenrc" and		files /usr/local/etc/screenrc and
".screenrc" in the user's home directory. These are the "programmer's de		defaults that can be overridden in the following ways: for the global scr
faults" that can be overridden in		eenrc file screen searches for
the following ways: for the global screenrc file screen searches for the		the environment variable $SYSSCREENRC (this override feature may be di
environment variable $SYSSCREENRC		sabled at compile-time). The user
(this override feature may be disabled at compile-time). The user spec		specific screenrc file is searched in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc. T
ific screenrc file is searched in		he command line option -c takes
$SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc. The command line option -c takes preced		precedence over the above user screenrc files.
ence over the above user screenrc
files.
Commands in these files are used to set options, bind functions to key s, and to automatically establish		Commands in these files are used to set options, bind functions to key s, and to automatically establish
one or more windows at the beginning of your screen session. Commands ar e listed one per line, with empty		one or more windows at the beginning of your screen session. Commands ar e listed one per line, with empty
lines being ignored. A command's arguments are separated by tabs or spac es, and may be surrounded by sin-		lines being ignored. A command's arguments are separated by tabs or spac es, and may be surrounded by sin-
gle or double quotes. A `#' turns the rest of the line into a comment, e xcept in quotes. Unintelligible		gle or double quotes. A `#' turns the rest of the line into a comment, e xcept in quotes. Unintelligible
lines are warned about and ignored. Commands may contain references to environment variables. The syntax		lines are warned about and ignored. Commands may contain references to environment variables. The syntax
is the shell-like "$VAR " or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibil ity with previous screen ver-		is the shell-like "$VAR " or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibil ity with previous screen ver-
sions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no va riable substitution shall be per-		sions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no va riable substitution shall be per-
formed. A string in single-quotes is also protected from variable substit ution.		formed. A string in single-quotes is also protected from variable substit ution.
Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen d		Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen distribu
istribution: "etc/screenrc" and		tion: etc/screenrc and etc/etc-
"etc/etcscreenrc". They contain a number of useful examples for various c		screenrc. They contain a number of useful examples for various commands.
ommands.
Customization can also be done 'on-line'. To enter the command mode type `C-a :'. Note that commands		Customization can also be done 'on-line'. To enter the command mode type `C-a :'. Note that commands
starting with "def" change default values, while others change current se ttings.		starting with def change default values, while others change current sett ings.
The following commands are available:		The following commands are available:
acladd usernames [crypted-pw]		acladd usernames [crypted-pw]
addacl usernames		addacl usernames
Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one us er or a comma separated list of		Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one us er or a comma separated list of
users. This command enables to attach to the screen session and perform s the equivalent of `aclchg user-		users. This command enables to attach to the screen session and perform s the equivalent of `aclchg user-
names +rwx "#?"'. executed. To add a user with restricted access, use th e `aclchg' command below. If an		names +rwx "#?"'. executed. To add a user with restricted access, use th e `aclchg' command below. If an
skipping to change at line 504		skipping to change at line 502
`x'. Prefixing `+' grants the permission, `-' removes it. The third param eter is a comma separated list of		`x'. Prefixing `+' grants the permission, `-' removes it. The third param eter is a comma separated list of
commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The specia l list `#' refers to all windows,		commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The specia l list `#' refers to all windows,
`?' to all commands. if usernames consists of a single `*', all known use rs are affected.		`?' to all commands. if usernames consists of a single `*', all known use rs are affected.
A command can be executed when the user has the `x' bit for it. The use r can type input to a window when		A command can be executed when the user has the `x' bit for it. The use r can type input to a window when
he has its `w' bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this win dow. Other bits are currently		he has its `w' bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this win dow. Other bits are currently
ignored. To withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `a clchg username -w+w 2'. To allow		ignored. To withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `a clchg username -w+w 2'. To allow
read-only access to the session: `aclchg username -w "#"'. As soon as a u ser's name is known to screen he		read-only access to the session: `aclchg username -w "#"'. As soon as a u ser's name is known to screen he
can attach to the session and (per default) has full permissions for a ll command and windows. Execution		can attach to the session and (per default) has full permissions for a ll command and windows. Execution
permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should also be removed o r the user may be able to regain		permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should also be removed o r the user may be able to regain
write permission. Rights of the special username nobody cannot b		write permission. Rights of the special username nobody cannot be chang
e changed (see the "su" command).		ed (see the su command). `Chacl'
`Chacl' is a synonym to `aclchg'. Multi user mode only.		is a synonym to `aclchg'. Multi user mode only.
acldel username		acldel username
Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached, all the user's displays are		Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached, all the user's displays are
detached from the session. He cannot attach again. Multi user mode only.		detached from the session. He cannot attach again. Multi user mode only.
aclgrp username [groupname]		aclgrp username [groupname]
Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the		Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the
group leader. Each member of the group inherits the permissions that are granted to the group leader. That		group leader. Each member of the group inherits the permissions that are granted to the group leader. That
means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader. A user is removed		means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader. A user is removed
from all groups the special value "none" is used for groupname. If the s econd parameter is omitted all		from all groups the special value none is used for groupname. If the se cond parameter is omitted all
groups the user is in are listed.		groups the user is in are listed.
aclumask [[ users ] +bits | [ users ] -bits... ]		aclumask [[ users ] +bits | [ users ] -bits... ]
umask [[ users ] +bits | [ users ] -bits... ]		umask [[ users ] +bits | [ users ] -bits... ]
This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be crea ted by the caller of the command.		This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be crea ted by the caller of the command.
Users may be no, one or a comma separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of		Users may be no, one or a comma separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of
all currently known users is assumed. Bits is any combination of access control bits allowed defined with		all currently known users is assumed. Bits is any combination of access control bits allowed defined with
the "aclchg" command. The special username "?" predefines the access that		the aclchg command. The special username ? predefines the access that not
not yet known users will be		yet known users will be granted
granted to any window initially. The special username "??" predefines th		to any window initially. The special username ?? predefines the ac
e access that not yet known users		cess that not yet known users are
are granted to any command. Rights of the special username nobody cannot		granted to any command. Rights of the special username nobody cannot be
be changed (see the "su" com-		changed (see the su command).
mand). `Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'.		`Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'.
activity message		activity message
When any activity occurs in a background window that is being monitored, screen displays a notification in		When any activity occurs in a background window that is being monitored, screen displays a notification in
the message line. The notification message can be re-defined by means of the "activity" command. Each		the message line. The notification message can be re-defined by means o f the activity command. Each
occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the window in which activity has occurred, and		occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the window in which activity has occurred, and
each occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your te rmcap (usually an audible bell).		each occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your te rmcap (usually an audible bell).
The default message is		The default message is
'Activity in window %n'		'Activity in window %n'
Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be altere d by use of the "monitor" command		Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be alte red by use of the monitor command
(C-a M).		(C-a M).
allpartial on|off		allpartial [ on | off ]
If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change. This affects all windows and is		If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change. This affects all windows and is
useful for slow terminal lines. The previous setting of full/partial re fresh for each window is restored		useful for slow terminal lines. The previous setting of full/partial re fresh for each window is restored
with "allpartial off". This is a global flag that immediately takes effe		with allpartial off. This is a global flag that immediately takes effect
ct on all windows overriding the		on all windows overriding the
"partial" settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of new		partial settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of newly
ly created windows.		created windows.
altscreen on|off		altscreen [ on | off ]
If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in virtual termin als, just like in xterm. Initial		If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in virtual termin als, just like in xterm. Initial
setting is `off'.		setting is `off'.
at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args ... ]		at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args ... ]
Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been entered there. "At" changes the context		Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been entered there. At changes the context
(the `current window' or `current display' setting) of the command. I f the first parameter describes a		(the `current window' or `current display' setting) of the command. I f the first parameter describes a
non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple times. If the f irst parameter is of the form		non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple times. If the f irst parameter is of the form
`identifier*' then identifier is matched against user names. The comma nd is executed once for each dis-		`identifier*' then identifier is matched against user names. The comma nd is executed once for each dis-
play of the selected user(s). If the first parameter is of the form `iden tifier%' identifier is matched		play of the selected user(s). If the first parameter is of the form `iden tifier%' identifier is matched
against displays. Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The pr efix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty' may be		against displays. Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The pr efix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty' may be
omitted from the identifier. If identifier has a `#' or nothing appended it is matched against window		omitted from the identifier. If identifier has a `#' or nothing appended it is matched against window
numbers and titles. Omitting an identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,		numbers and titles. Omitting an identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,
displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on the affected display(s) a short mes-		displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on the affected display(s) a short mes-
sage will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator		sage will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator of
of the "at" command, not for the		the at command, not for the own-
owners of the affected display(s). Note that the '#' character works as		ers of the affected display(s). Note that the '#' character works as a c
a comment introducer when it is		omment introducer when it is pre-
preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a '\'. Permis		ceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a '\'. Permissio
sion is checked for the initiator		n is checked for the initiator of
of the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).		the at command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).
Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least o nce per window. Commands that		Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least o nce per window. Commands that
change the internal arrangement of windows (like "other") may be called		change the internal arrangement of windows (like other) may be called aga
again. In shared windows the com-		in. In shared windows the command
mand will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing tog		will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle c
gle commands like "login"! Some		ommands like login! Some com-
commands (e.g. "process") require that a display is associated with th		mands (e.g. process) require that a display is associated with the target
e target windows. These commands		windows. These commands may not
may not work correctly under "at" looping over windows.		work correctly under at looping over windows.
attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]		attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]
This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color o f the text. If the attribute		This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color o f the text. If the attribute
attrib is in use, the specified attribute/color modifier is also appl ied. If no modifier is given, the		attrib is in use, the specified attribute/color modifier is also appl ied. If no modifier is given, the
current one is deleted. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax o		current one is deleted. See the STRING ESCAPES chapter for the syntax of
f the modifier. Screen under-		the modifier. Screen understands
stands two pseudo-attributes, "i" stands for high-intensity foreground		two pseudo-attributes, i stands for high-intensity foreground color an
color and "I" for high-intensity		d I for high-intensity background
background color.		color.
Examples:		Examples:
attrcolor b "R"		attrcolor b "R"
Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.		Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.
attrcolor u "-u b"		attrcolor u "-u b"
Use blue text instead of underline.		Use blue text instead of underline.
attrcolor b ".I"		attrcolor b ".I"
Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already.		Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already.
attrcolor i "+b"		attrcolor i "+b"
Make bright colored text also bold.		Make bright colored text also bold.
autodetach on|off		autodetach [ on | off ]
Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which saves al l your running programs until		Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which saves al l your running programs until
they are resumed with a screen -r command. When turned off, a hangup sig nal will terminate screen and all		they are resumed with a screen -r command. When turned off, a hangup sig nal will terminate screen and all
the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.		the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.
autonuke on|off		autonuke [ on | off ]
Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that has not been written to the terminal.		Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that has not been written to the terminal.
See also "obuflimit".		See also obuflimit.
backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args...		backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args...
backtick id		backtick id
Program the backtick command with the numerical id id. The output of suc h a command is used for substitu-		Program the backtick command with the numerical id id. The output of suc h a command is used for substitu-
tion of the "%`" string escape. The specified lifespan is the number of s econds the output is considered		tion of the %` string escape. The specified lifespan is the number of sec onds the output is considered
valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding s tring escape is encountered. The		valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding s tring escape is encountered. The
autorefresh parameter triggers an automatic refresh for caption and hards tatus strings after the specified		autorefresh parameter triggers an automatic refresh for caption and hards tatus strings after the specified
number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used for substitution.		number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used for substitution.
If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the backti ck program is expected to stay in		If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the backti ck program is expected to stay in
the background and generate output once in a while. In this case, the co mmand is executed right away and		the background and generate output once in a while. In this case, the co mmand is executed right away and
screen stores the last line of output. If a new line gets printed scre en will automatically refresh the		screen stores the last line of output. If a new line gets printed scre en will automatically refresh the
hardstatus or the captions.		hardstatus or the captions.
The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the nume rical id id.		The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the nume rical id id.
bce [on|off]		bce [ on | off ]
Change background-color-erase setting. If "bce" is set to on, al l characters cleared by an		Change background-color-erase setting. If bce is set to on, all characters cleared by an
erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be displayed in the curren t background color. Otherwise the		erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be displayed in the curren t background color. Otherwise the
default background color is used.		default background color is used.
bell_msg [message]		bell_msg [message]
When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a n otification in the message line.		When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a n otification in the message line.
The notification message can be re-defined by this command. Each occurre nce of `%' in message is replaced		The notification message can be re-defined by this command. Each occurre nce of `%' in message is replaced
by the number of the window to which a bell has been sent, and each occur rence of `^G' is replaced by the		by the number of the window to which a bell has been sent, and each occur rence of `^G' is replaced by the
definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell). The defau lt message is		definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell). The defau lt message is
'Bell in window %n'		'Bell in window %n'
An empty message can be supplied to the "bell_msg" command to suppress o utput of a message line (bell_msg		An empty message can be supplied to the bell_msg command to suppress o utput of a message line (bell_msg
""). Without parameter, the current message is shown.		""). Without parameter, the current message is shown.
bind [class] key [command [args]]		bind [class] key [command [args]]
Bind a command to a key. By default, most of the commands provided by sc reen are bound to one or more		Bind a command to a key. By default, most of the commands provided by sc reen are bound to one or more
keys as indicated in the "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section, e.g. the comman		keys as indicated in the DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS section, e.g. the command t
d to create a new window is bound		o create a new window is bound to
to "C-c" and "c". The "bind" command can be used to redefine the key bin		C-c and c. The bind command can be used to redefine the key bindings and
dings and to define new bindings.		to define new bindings. The key
The key argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence		argument is either a single character, a two-character sequence of the f
of the form "^x" (meaning "C-x"),		orm ^x (meaning C-x), a backslash
a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the		followed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the character),
character), or a backslash fol-		or a backslash followed by a
lowed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\". The argument can al		second character, such as \^ or \\. The argument can also be quoted, if
so be quoted, if you like. If no		you like. If no further argument
further argument is given, any previously established binding for this ke		is given, any previously established binding for this key is removed. Th
y is removed. The command argu-		e command argument can be any
ment can be any command listed in this section.		command listed in this section.
If a command class is specified via the "-c" option, the key is bound		If a command class is specified via the -c option, the key is bound for
for the specified class. Use the		the specified class. Use the com-
"command" command to activate a class. Command classes can be used to cr		mand command to activate a class. Command classes can be used to create m
eate multiple command keys or		ultiple command keys or multi-
multi-character bindings.		character bindings.
Some examples:		Some examples:
bind ' ' windows		bind ' ' windows
bind ^k		bind ^k
bind k		bind k
bind K kill		bind K kill
bind ^f screen telnet foobar		bind ^f screen telnet foobar
bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su		bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su
would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of win dows (so that the command usually		would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of win dows (so that the command usually
invoked by "C-a C-w" would also be available as "C-a space"). The next th		invoked by C-a C-w would also be available as C-a space). The next three
ree lines remove the default kill		lines remove the default kill
binding from "C-a C-k" and "C-a k". "C-a K" is then bound to the kill co		binding from C-a C-k and C-a k. C-a K is then bound to the kill command.
mmand. Then it binds "C-f" to the		Then it binds C-f to the command
command "create a window with a TELNET connection to foobar", and bind "e		create a window with a TELNET connection to foobar, and bind escape to th
scape" to the command that cre-		e command that creates an non-
ates an non-login window with a.k.a. "root" in slot #9, with a superuser		login window with a.k.a. root in slot #9, with a superuser shell and a sc
shell and a scrollback buffer of		rollback buffer of 1000 lines.
1000 lines.
bind -c demo1 0 select 10		bind -c demo1 0 select 10
bind -c demo1 1 select 11		bind -c demo1 1 select 11
bind -c demo1 2 select 12		bind -c demo1 2 select 12
bindkey "^B" command -c demo1		bindkey "^B" command -c demo1
makes "C-b 0" select window 10, "C-b 1" window 11, etc.		makes C-b 0 select window 10, C-b 1 window 11, etc.
bind -c demo2 0 select 10		bind -c demo2 0 select 10
bind -c demo2 1 select 11		bind -c demo2 1 select 11
bind -c demo2 2 select 12		bind -c demo2 2 select 12
bind - command -c demo2		bind - command -c demo2
makes "C-a - 0" select window 10, "C-a - 1" window 11, etc.		makes C-a - 0 select window 10, C-a - 1 window 11, etc.
bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd-args]]		bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd-args]]
This command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entry in on		This command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entry in o
e of the tables tells screen how		ne of the tables tells screen how
to react if a certain sequence of characters is encountered. There are t		to react if a certain sequence of characters is encountered. There are th
hree tables: one that should con-		ree tables: one that should con-
tain actions programmed by the user, one for the default actions used for		tain actions programmed by the user, one for the default actions used f
terminal emulation and one for		or terminal emulation and one for
screen's copy mode to do cursor movement. See section "INPUT TRANSLATION		screen's copy mode to do cursor movement. See section INPUT TRANSLATION f
" for a list of default key bind-		or a list of default key bind-
ings.		ings.
If the -d option is given, bindkey modifies the default table, -m changes		If the -d option is given, bindkey modifies the default table, -m cha
the copy mode table and with		nges the copy mode table and with
neither option the user table is selected. The argument string is the s		neither option the user table is selected. The argument string is the se
equence of characters to which an		quence of characters to which an
action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap keyboard		action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap keyboard
capability name (selectable with		capability name (selectable with
the -k option).		the -k option).
Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if application mode is turned on (e.g the cursor		Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if application mode is turned on (e.g the cursor
keys). Such keys have two entries in the translation table. You can sele ct the application mode entry by		keys). Such keys have two entries in the translation table. You can sel ect the application mode entry by
specifying the -a option.		specifying the -a option.
The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot turn off the timing if a termcap		The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot t urn off the timing if a termcap
capability is used.		capability is used.
Cmd can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of args. If cmd is omitted the key-binding		Cmd can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of args. If cmd is omitted the key-binding
is removed from the table.		is removed from the table.
Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:		Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:
bindkey -d		bindkey -d
Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are ma rked with [A].		Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are ma rked with [A].
bindkey -k k1 select 1		bindkey -k k1 select 1
Make the "F1" key switch to window one.		Make the "F1" key switch to window one.
bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo		bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so t hat users can type slowly.		Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so t hat users can type slowly.
bindkey "\024" mapdefault		bindkey "\024" mapdefault
This key-binding makes "^T" an escape character for key-bindings. If		This key-binding makes ^T an escape character for key-bindings. If you di
you did the above "stuff barfoo"		d the above stuff barfoo binding,
binding, you can enter the word "foo" by typing "^Tfoo". If you want to i		you can enter the word foo by typing ^Tfoo. If you want to insert a ^
nsert a "^T" you have to press		T you have to press the key twice
the key twice (i.e., escape the escape binding).		(i.e., escape the escape binding).
bindkey -k F1 command		bindkey -k F1 command
Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).		Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).
break[duration]		break [duration]
Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window. For non-Po six systems the time interval may		Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window. For non-Po six systems the time interval may
be rounded up to full seconds. Most useful if a character device is atta		be rounded up to full seconds. Most useful if a character device is att
ched to the window rather than a		ached to the window rather than a
shell process (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES"). The maximum duration o		shell process (See also chapter WINDOW TYPES). The maximum duration of a
f a break signal is limited to 15		break signal is limited to 15
seconds.		seconds.
blanker		blanker
Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker p		Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker
rogram is defined, the cursor is		program is defined, the cursor is
turned off, otherwise, the program is started and it's output is w		turned off, otherwise, the program is started and it's output is writte
ritten to the screen. The screen		n to the screen. The screen
blanker is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.		blanker is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.
This command is normally used together with the "idle" command.		This command is normally used together with the idle command.
blankerprg [program-args]		blankerprg [program-args]
Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if an empty argum ent is given. Shows the currently		Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if an empty argum ent is given. Shows the currently
set blanker program if no arguments are given.		set blanker program if no arguments are given.
breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]		breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]
Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for term inal devices. This command should		Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for term inal devices. This command should
affect the current window only. But it still behaves identical to "defbr		affect the current window only. But it still behaves identical to defb
eaktype". This will be changed in		reaktype. This will be changed in
the future. Calling "breaktype" with no parameter displays the break met		the future. Calling breaktype with no parameter displays the break metho
hod for the current window.		d for the current window.
bufferfile [exchange-file]		bufferfile [exchange-file]
Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.		Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.
If the optional argument to the		If the optional argument to the
"bufferfile" command is omitted, the default setting ("/tmp/screen-exchan		bufferfile command is omitted, the default setting (/tmp/screen-exchang
ge") is reactivated. The follow-		e) is reactivated. The following
ing example will paste the system's password file into the screen window		example will paste the system's password file into the screen window (usi
(using the paste buffer, where a		ng the paste buffer, where a copy
copy remains):		remains):
C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd		C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
C-a < C-a ]		C-a < C-a ]
C-a : bufferfile		C-a : bufferfile
bumpleft		bumpleft
Swaps window with previous one on window list.		Swaps window with previous one on window list.
bumpright		bumpright
Swaps window with next one on window list.		Swaps window with next one on window list.
c1 [on|off]		c1 [ on | off ]
Change c1 code processing. "C1 on" tells screen to treat the input charac		Change c1 code processing. C1 on tells screen to treat the input characte
ters between 128 and 159 as con-		rs between 128 and 159 as control
trol functions. Such an 8-bit code is normally the same as ESC followed		functions. Such an 8-bit code is normally the same as ESC followed by th
by the corresponding 7-bit code.		e corresponding 7-bit code. The
The default setting is to process c1 codes and can be changed with the "d		default setting is to process c1 codes and can be changed with the defc
efc1" command. Users with fonts		1 command. Users with fonts that
that have usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off		have usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off.
.
caption [ top | bottom ] always|splitonly[string]		caption [ top | bottom ] always|splitonly[string]
caption string [string]		caption string [string]
This command controls the display of the window captions. Normally a capt ion is only used if more than one		This command controls the display of the window captions. Normally a capt ion is only used if more than one
window is shown on the display (split screen mode). But if the type is se t to always screen shows a cap-		window is shown on the display (split screen mode). But if the type is set to always screen shows a cap-
tion even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.		tion even if only one window is displayed. The default is splitonly.
The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES"		The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all es capes from the STRING ESCAPES
chapter. Screen uses a default of `%3n %t'.		chapter. Screen uses a default of `%3n %t'.
You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.		You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument.
You can have the caption displayed either at the top or bottom of the win dow. The default is bottom.		You can have the caption displayed either at the top or bottom of the win dow. The default is bottom.
charset set		charset set
Change the current character set slot designation and charset mapping. T he first four character of set		Change the current character set slot designation and charset mapping. The first four character of set
are treated as charset designators while the fifth and sixth character mu st be in range '0' to '3' and set		are treated as charset designators while the fifth and sixth character mu st be in range '0' to '3' and set
the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to i		the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used t
ndicate that the corresponding		o indicate that the corresponding
charset/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six chara		charset/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six character
cters internally by appending '.'		s internally by appending '.'
chars). New windows have "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a "encoding"		chars). New windows have "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a encoding c
command is active.		ommand is active.
The current setting can be viewed with the "info" command.		The current setting can be viewed with the info command.
chdir [directory]		chdir [directory]
Change the current directory of screen to the specified directory or, if		Change the current directory of screen to the specified directory or,
called without an argument, to		if called without an argument, to
your home directory (the value of the environment variable $HOME). All		your home directory (the value of the environment variable $HOME). All w
windows that are created by means		indows that are created by means
of the "screen" command from within ".screenrc" or by means of "C-a : scr		of the screen command from within .screenrc or by means of C-a : scree
een ..." or "C-a c" use this as		n ... or C-a c use this as their
their default directory. Without a chdir command, this would be th		default directory. Without a chdir command, this would be the directory
e directory from which screen was		from which screen was invoked.
invoked.
Hardcopy and log files are always written to the window's default directo ry, not the current directory of		Hardcopy and log files are always written to the window's default directo ry, not the current directory of
the process running in the window. You can use this command multiple times in your .screenrc to start		the process running in the window. You can use this command multiple times in your .screenrc to start
various windows in different default directories, but the last chdir valu e will affect all the windows you		various windows in different default directories, but the last chdir valu e will affect all the windows you
create interactively.		create interactively.
cjkwidth [ on | off ]		cjkwidth [ on | off ]
Treat ambiguous width characters as full/half width.		Treat ambiguous width characters as full/half width.
clear		clear
Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.		Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer.
collapse		collapse
Reorders window on window list, removing number gaps between them.		Reorders window on window list, removing number gaps between them.
colon [prefix]		colon [prefix]
Allows you to enter ".screenrc" command lines. Useful for on-the-fly m		Allows you to enter .screenrc command lines. Useful for on-the-fly modif
odification of key bindings, spe-		ication of key bindings, specific
cific window creation and changing settings. Note that the "set" keyword		window creation and changing settings. Note that the set keyword no longe
no longer exists! Usually com-		r exists! Usually commands affect
mands affect the current window rather than default settings for future w		the current window rather than default settings for future windows. Chang
indows. Change defaults with com-		e defaults with commands starting
mands starting with 'def...'.		with 'def...'.
If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you may regard " C-a esc" (copy mode) as its `Vi		If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you may regard C -a esc (copy mode) as its `Vi
command mode'.		command mode'.
command [-c class]		command [ -c class"]"
This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape character (^A). It is probably only useful		This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape character (^A). It is probably only useful
for key bindings. If the "-c" option is given, select the specified comm		for key bindings. If the -c option is given, select the specified comman
and class. See also "bind" and		d class. See also bind and bind-
"bindkey".		key.
compacthist [on|off]		compacthist [ on | off ]
This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when scrolling up text into the history buffer.		This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when scrolling up text into the history buffer.
console [on|off]		console [ on | off ]
Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window. Note: Only t he owner of /dev/console can grab		Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window. Note: Only t he owner of /dev/console can grab
the console output. This command is only available if the machine suppor ts the ioctl TIOCCONS.		the console output. This command is only available if the machine suppor ts the ioctl TIOCCONS.
copy		copy
Enter copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the current window and its history into the		Enter copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the current window and its history into the
paste buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen editor' is active:		paste buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen editor' is active:
The editor's movement keys are:		The editor's movement keys are:
skipping to change at line 912		skipping to change at line 908
% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.		% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
^ or $ move to the leftmost column, to the first or		^ or $ move to the leftmost column, to the first or
last non-whitespace character on the line.		last non-whitespace character on the line.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
w, b, and e move the cursor word by word.		w, b, and e move the cursor word by word.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
B, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).		B, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
f/F, t/T move the cursor forward/backward to the next		f/F, t/T move the cursor forward/backward to the next
occurence of the target. (eg, '3fy' will move		occurrence of the target. (eg, '3fy' will move
the cursor to the 3rd 'y' to the right.)		the cursor to the 3rd 'y' to the right.)
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
; and , Repeat the last f/F/t/T command in the		; and , Repeat the last f/F/t/T command in the
same/opposite direction.		same/opposite direction.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-e and C-y scroll the display up/down by one line while		C-e and C-y scroll the display up/down by one line while
preserving the cursor position.		preserving the cursor position.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-u and C-d scroll the display up/down by the specified		C-u and C-d scroll the display up/down by the specified
amount of lines while preserving the cursor		amount of lines while preserving the cursor
position. (Default: half screen-full).		position. (Default: half screen-full).
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-b and C-f scroll the display up/down a full screen.		C-b and C-f scroll the display up/down a full screen.
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
skipping to change at line 948		skipping to change at line 943
can also be set using left mouse click.		can also be set using left mouse click.
Y and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line.		Y and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line.
W marks exactly one word.		W marks exactly one word.
Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by press ing digits		Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by press ing digits
0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.		0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.
Example: "C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y" will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste buf fer.		Example: C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste buffe r.
The folllowing search keys are defined:		The following search keys are defined:
/ Vi-like search forward.		/ Vi-like search forward.
? Vi-like search backward.		? Vi-like search backward.
C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.		C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.
C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.		C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.
n Find next search pattern.		n Find next search pattern.
N Find previous search pattern.		N Find previous search pattern.
There are however some keys that act differently than in vi. Vi does not allow one to yank rectangular		There are however some keys that act differently than in vi. Vi does not allow one to yank rectangular
blocks of text, but screen does. Press: c or C to set the left or right m argin respectively. If no repeat		blocks of text, but screen does. Press: c or C to set the left or right m argin respectively. If no repeat
count is given, both default to the current cursor position.		count is given, both default to the current cursor position.
Example: Try this on a rather full text screen:		Example: Try this on a rather full text screen:
"C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE".		C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE.
This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns left, marks the beginning of the		This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns left, marks the beginning of the
paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of		paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of
the paste buffer. Now try:		the paste buffer. Now try:
"C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE"		C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE
and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.		and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.
J joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline c haracter (012), lines glued seam-		J joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline c haracter (012), lines glued seam-
less, lines separated by a single whitespace and comma separated lines. N ote that you can prepend the new-		less, lines separated by a single whitespace and comma separated lines. N ote that you can prepend the new-
line character with a carriage return character, by issuing a "crlf on".		line character with a carriage return character, by issuing a crlf on.
v or V is for all the vi users with ":set numbers" - it toggles the le ft margin between column 9 and 1.		v or V is for all the vi users with :set numbers - it toggles the le ft margin between column 9 and 1.
Press		Press
a before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the contents of the paste buffer will not be		a before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the contents of the paste buffer will not be
overwritten, but is appended to.		overwritten, but is appended to.
A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.		A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark.
> sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste b uffer to the screen-exchange file		> sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste b uffer to the screen-exchange file
(/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once copy-mode is finished.		(/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once copy-mode is finished.
This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer to that file: "C-A [ g SPACE G $ >".		This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer to that file: C-A [ g SPACE G $ >.
C-g gives information about the current line and column.		C-g gives information about the current line and column.
x or o exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You can use this to adjust an already		x or o exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You can use this to adjust an already
placed mark.		placed mark.
C-l ('el') will redraw the screen.		C-l ('el') will redraw the screen.
@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.		@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
All keys not described here exit copy mode.		All keys not described here exit copy mode.
copy_reg [key]		copy_reg [key]
No longer exists, use "readreg" instead.		No longer exists, use readreg instead.
crlf [on|off]		crlf [ on | off ]
This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a [' command. If it is set to `on', lines will be		This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a [' command. If it is set to `on', lines will be
separated by the two character sequence `CR' - `LF'. Otherwise (default) only `LF' is used. When no		separated by the two character sequence `CR' - `LF'. Otherwise (default) only `LF' is used. When no
parameter is given, the state is toggled.		parameter is given, the state is toggled.
debug on|off		debug [ on | off ]
Turns runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been compiled with optio n -DDEBUG debugging available and		Turns runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been compiled with optio n -DDEBUG debugging available and
is turned on per default. Note that this command only affects debugging output from the main "SCREEN"		is turned on per default. Note that this command only affects debugging output from the main SCREEN
process correctly. Debug output from attacher processes can only be turne d off once and forever.		process correctly. Debug output from attacher processes can only be turne d off once and forever.
defc1 on|off		defc1 [ on | off ]
Same as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is
`on'.		`on'.
defautonuke on|off		defautonuke [ on | off ]
Same as the autonuke command except that the default setting for new disp lays is changed. Initial setting		Same as the autonuke command except that the default setting for new disp lays is changed. Initial setting
is `off'. Note that you can use the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on		is `off'. Note that you can use the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on
the terminal type.		the terminal type.
defbce on|off		defbce [ on | off ]
Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows i s changed. Initial setting is		Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows i s changed. Initial setting is
`off'.		`off'.
defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]		defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]
Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for term inal devices. The preferred meth-		Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for term inal devices. The preferred meth-
ods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK. The third, TCSBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the duration		ods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK. The third, TCSBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the duration
of the break, but it may be the only way to generate long breaks. Tcsend break and TIOCSBRK may or may not		of the break, but it may be the only way to generate long breaks. Tcsend break and TIOCSBRK may or may not
produce long breaks with spikes (e.g. 4 per second). This is not only sys tem-dependent, this also differs		produce long breaks with spikes (e.g. 4 per second). This is not only sys tem-dependent, this also differs
between serial board drivers. Calling "defbreaktype" with no parameter d isplays the current setting.		between serial board drivers. Calling defbreaktype with no parameter dis plays the current setting.
defcharset [set]		defcharset [set]
Like the charset command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Shows current default		Like the charset command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Shows current default
if called without argument.		if called without argument.
defdynamictitle on|off		defdynamictitle [ on | off ]
Set default behaviour for new windows regarding if screen should change w indow title when seeing proper		Set default behaviour for new windows regarding if screen should change w indow title when seeing proper
escape sequence. See also "TITLES (naming windows)" section.		escape sequence. See also "TITLES (naming windows)" section.
defescape xy		defescape xy
Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the "escape" e		Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the escape e
xcept that it is useful multiuser		xcept that it is useful multiuser
sessions only. In a multiuser session "escape" changes the command charac		sessions only. In a multiuser session escape changes the command characte
ter of the calling user, where		r of the calling user, where
"defescape" changes the default command characters for users that will be		defescape changes the default command characters for users that will be a
added later.		dded later.
defflow on|off|auto [interrupt]		defflow [ on | off | auto [ interrupt ]]
Same as the flow command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the flow command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is
`auto'. Specifying "defflow auto interrupt" is the same as the command-l ine options -fa and -i.		`auto'. Specifying defflow auto interrupt is the same as the command-lin e options -fa and -i.
defgr on|off		defgr [ on | off ]
Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new windows i s changed. Initial setting is		Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new windows i s changed. Initial setting is
`off'.		`off'.
defhstatus [status]		defhstatus [status]
The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status. T his command is useful to make the		The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status. T his command is useful to make the
hardstatus of every window display the window number or title or the like . Status may contain the same		hardstatus of every window display the window number or title or the like . Status may contain the same
directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape charact er is '^E' (octal 005) instead of		directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape charact er is '^E' (octal 005) instead of
'%'. This was done to make a misinterpretation of program generated hard status lines impossible. If the		'%'. This was done to make a misinterpretation of program generated hard status lines impossible. If the
parameter status is omitted, the current default string is displayed. P er default the hardstatus line of		parameter status is omitted, the current default string is displayed. P er default the hardstatus line of
new windows is empty.		new windows is empty.
defencoding enc		defencoding enc
Same as the encoding command except that the default setting for new wind ows is changed. Initial setting		Same as the encoding command except that the default setting for new wind ows is changed. Initial setting
is the encoding taken from the terminal.		is the encoding taken from the terminal.
deflog on|off		deflog [ on | off ]
Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.		`off'.
deflogin on|off		deflogin [ on | off ]
Same as the login command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. This is initialized		Same as the login command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. This is initialized
with `on' as distributed (see config.h.in).		with `on' as distributed (see config.h.in).
defmode mode		defmode mode
The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode. Mode is an octal number. When no "defmode"		The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode. Mode is an octal number. When no defmode
command is given, mode 0622 is used.		command is given, mode 0622 is used.
defmonitor on|off		defmonitor [ on | off]
Same as the monitor command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the monitor command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.		`off'.
defmousetrack on|off		defmousetrack [ on | off ]
Same as the mousetrack command except that the default setting for new wi ndows is changed. Initial setting		Same as the mousetrack command except that the default setting for new wi ndows is changed. Initial setting
is `off'.		is `off'.
defnonblock on|off|numsecs		defnonblock [ on | off | numsecs]
Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting for displays is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting for displays is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.		`off'.
defobuflimit limit		defobuflimit limit
Same as the obuflimit command except that the default setting for new dis plays is changed. Initial setting		Same as the obuflimit command except that the default setting for new dis plays is changed. Initial setting
is 256 bytes. Note that you can use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency		is 256 bytes. Note that you can use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency
on the terminal type.		on the terminal type.
defscrollback num		defscrollback num
Same as the scrollback command except that the default setting for new wi ndows is changed. Initial setting		Same as the scrollback command except that the default setting for new wi ndows is changed. Initial setting
is 100.		is 100.
defshell command		defshell command
Synonym to the shell .screenrc command. See there.		Synonym to the shell .screenrc command. See there.
defsilence on|off		defsilence [ on | off ]
Same as the silence command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the silence command except that the default setting for new windo ws is changed. Initial setting is
`off'.		`off'.
defslowpaste msec		defslowpaste msec
Same as the slowpaste command except that the default setting for new wi ndows is changed. Initial setting		Same as the slowpaste command except that the default setting for new wi ndows is changed. Initial setting
is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off'.		is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off'.
defutf8 on|off		defutf8 [ on | off ]
Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is		Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is
`on' if screen was started with "-U", otherwise `off'.		`on' if screen was started with -U, otherwise `off'.
defwrap on|off		defwrap [ on | off ]
Same as the wrap command except that the default setting for new window s is changed. Initially line-wrap		Same as the wrap command except that the default setting for new window s is changed. Initially line-wrap
is on and can be toggled with the "wrap" command ("C-a r") or by means of "C-a : wrap on|off".		is on and can be toggled with the wrap command (C-a r) or by means of "C- a : wrap on|off".
defwritelock on|off|auto		defwritelock [ on | off | auto ]
Same as the writelock command except that the default setting for new win dows is changed. Initially write-		Same as the writelock command except that the default setting for new win dows is changed. Initially write-
locks will off.		locks will off.
detach [-h]		detach [-h]
Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and put it in to the background). This returns		Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and put it in to the background). This returns
you to the shell where you invoked screen. A detached screen can be resu med by invoking screen with the		you to the shell where you invoked screen. A detached screen can be resu med by invoking screen with the
-r option (see also section "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"). The -h option tell		-r option (see also section COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS). The -h option tell
s screen to immediately close the		s screen to immediately close the
connection to the terminal ("hangup").		connection to the terminal (hangup).
dinfo		dinfo
Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know w hy features like color or the		Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know w hy features like color or the
alternate charset don't work.		alternate charset don't work.
displays		displays
Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends (di splays). This is most useful for		Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends (di splays). This is most useful for
multiuser sessions. The following keys can be used in displays list:		multiuser sessions. The following keys can be used in displays list:
skipping to change at line 1188		skipping to change at line 1183
j, C-n, or down Move down one line.		j, C-n, or down Move down one line.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a or home Move to the first line.		C-a or home Move to the first line.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-e or end Move to the last line.		C-e or end Move to the last line.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.		C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.		C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available		mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available
when "mousetrack" is set to on.		when mousetrack is set to on.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
space Refresh the list		space Refresh the list
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
d Detach that display		d Detach that display
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
D Power detach that display		D Power detach that display
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-g, enter, or escape Exit the list		C-g, enter, or escape Exit the list
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
The following is an example of what "displays" could look like:		The following is an example of what displays could look like:
xterm 80x42 jnweiger@/dev/ttyp4 0(m11) &rWx		xterm 80x42 jnweiger@/dev/ttyp4 0(m11) &rWx
facit 80x24 mlschroe@/dev/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh) rwx		facit 80x24 mlschroe@/dev/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh) rwx
xterm 80x42 jnhollma@/dev/ttyp5 0(m11) &R.x		xterm 80x42 jnhollma@/dev/ttyp5 0(m11) &R.x
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)(G) (H)(I)		(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)(G) (H)(I)
The legend is as follows:		The legend is as follows:
(A) The terminal type known by screen for this display.		(A) The terminal type known by screen for this display.
(B) Displays geometry as width x height.		(B) Displays geometry as width x height.
skipping to change at line 1243		skipping to change at line 1237
│- │no read │ - │no write │ - │no execute │		│- │no read │ - │no write │ - │no execute │
├────┼────────────┼─────┼────────────┼─────┼─────────────┤		├────┼────────────┼─────┼────────────┼─────┼─────────────┤
│r │read │ w │write │ x │execute │		│r │read │ w │write │ x │execute │
├────┼────────────┼─────┼────────────┼─────┼─────────────┤		├────┼────────────┼─────┼────────────┼─────┼─────────────┤
│ │ │ W │own wlock │ │ │		│ │ │ W │own wlock │ │ │
├────┴────────────┴─────┴────────────┴─────┴─────────────┤		├────┴────────────┴─────┴────────────┴─────┴─────────────┤
│Indicators of permissions suppressed by a foreign wlock │		│Indicators of permissions suppressed by a foreign wlock │
├────┬────────────┬─────┬────────────┬─────┬─────────────┤		├────┬────────────┬─────┬────────────┬─────┬─────────────┤
│R │read only │ . │no write │ │ │		│R │read only │ . │no write │ │ │
└────┴────────────┴─────┴────────────┴─────┴─────────────┘		└────┴────────────┴─────┴────────────┴─────┴─────────────┘
"displays" needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and		displays needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 5
5 characters high in order to		characters high in order to dis-
display.		play.
digraph [preset[unicode-value]]		digraph [preset[unicode-value]]
This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two ch aracters typed are looked up in a		This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two ch aracters typed are looked up in a
builtin table and the resulting character is inserted in the input stream . For example, if the user enters		builtin table and the resulting character is inserted in the input stream . For example, if the user enters
'a"', an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first character entered is a 0 (zero), screen will treat the		'a"', an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first character entered is a 0 (zero), screen will treat the
following characters (up to three) as an octal number instead. The optio nal argument preset is treated as		following characters (up to three) as an octal number instead. The optio nal argument preset is treated as
user input, thus one can create an "umlaut" key. For example the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables		user input, thus one can create an umlaut key. For example the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables
the user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a. When a non-zero uni code-value is specified, a new		the user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a. When a non-zero uni code-value is specified, a new
digraph is created with the specified preset. The digraph is unset if a zero value is provided for the		digraph is created with the specified preset. The digraph is unset if a zero value is provided for the
unicode-value.		unicode-value.
dumptermcap		dumptermcap
Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the curren tly active window to the file		Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the curren tly active window to the file
".termcap" in the user's "$HOME/.screen" directory (or wherever screen st		.termcap in the user's $HOME/.screen directory (or wherever screen store
ores its sockets. See the "FILES"		s its sockets. See the FILES sec-
section below). This termcap entry is identical to the value of the envi		tion below). This termcap entry is identical to the value of the environ
ronment variable $TERMCAP that is		ment variable $TERMCAP that is
set up by screen for each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter like cap-		set up by screen for each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter like cap-
toinfo and then compile the entry with tic.		toinfo and then compile the entry with tic.
dynamictitle on|off		dynamictitle [ on | off ]
Change behaviour for windows regarding if screen should change window ti tle when seeing proper escape		Change behaviour for windows regarding if screen should change window ti tle when seeing proper escape
sequence. See also "TITLES (naming windows)" section.		sequence. See also "TITLES (naming windows)" section.
echo [-n] message		echo [-n] message
The echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a 'message of t he day'. Typically installed in a		The echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a 'message of t he day'. Typically installed in a
global /local/etc/screenrc. The option "-n" may be used to suppress the		global /local/etc/screenrc. The option -n may be used to suppress the li
line feed. See also "sleep".		ne feed. See also sleep. Echo
Echo is also useful for online checking of environment variables.		is also useful for online checking of environment variables.
encoding enc [enc]		encoding enc [enc]
Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument sets th e encoding of the current window.		Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument sets th e encoding of the current window.
Each window can emulate a different encoding. The optional second paramet er overwrites the encoding of the		Each window can emulate a different encoding. The optional second paramet er overwrites the encoding of the
connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the local e setting to detect the encoding.		connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the local e setting to detect the encoding.
There is also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the termin al type by using the "KJ" termcap		There is also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the termin al type by using the KJ termcap
entry.		entry.
Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, GBK, KOI8-R, KOI8-U, CP1251, UTF-8, ISO8859-2,		Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, GBK, KOI8-R, KOI8-U, CP1251, UTF-8, ISO8859-2,
ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6, ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859 -9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.		ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6, ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859 -9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.
See also "defencoding", which changes the default setting of a new window .		See also defencoding, which changes the default setting of a new window.
escape xy		escape xy
Set the command character to x and the character generating a literal com mand character (by triggering the		Set the command character to x and the character generating a literal com mand character (by triggering the
"meta" command) to y (similar to the -e option). Each argument is eithe		meta command) to y (similar to the -e option). Each argument is either
r a single character, a two-char-		a single character, a two-charac-
acter sequence of the form "^x" (meaning "C-x"), a backslash followed by		ter sequence of the form ^x (meaning C-x), a backslash followed by an oct
an octal number (specifying the		al number (specifying the ASCII
ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second char		code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character,
acter, such as "\^" or "\\". The		such as \^ or \\. The default is
default is "^Aa".		^Aa.
eval command1[command2 ...]		eval command1[command2 ...]
Parses and executes each argument as separate command.		Parses and executes each argument as separate command.
exec [[fdpat]newcommand [args ...]]		exec [[fdpat]newcommand [args ...]]
Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and its optional arguments) in the cur-		Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and its optional arguments) in the cur-
rent window. The flow of data between newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in		rent window. The flow of data between newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in
the window (let us call it "application-process") and screen itself (wind ow) is controlled by the file		the window (let us call it "application-process") and screen itself (wind ow) is controlled by the file
skipping to change at line 1367		skipping to change at line 1361
Sends window output to both, the user and the sed comma nd. The sed inserts an additional		Sends window output to both, the user and the sed comma nd. The sed inserts an additional
bell character (oct. 007) to the window output seen by scre en. This will cause "Bell in		bell character (oct. 007) to the window output seen by scre en. This will cause "Bell in
window x" messages, whenever the string "Error" appears in the window.		window x" messages, whenever the string "Error" appears in the window.
fit		fit
Change the window size to the size of the current region. This command is needed because screen doesn't		Change the window size to the size of the current region. This command is needed because screen doesn't
adapt the window size automatically if the window is displayed more than once.		adapt the window size automatically if the window is displayed more than once.
flow [on|off|auto]		flow [ on | off | auto]
Sets the flow-control mode for this window. Without parameters it cycles the current window's flow-con-		Sets the flow-control mode for this window. Without parameters it cycles the current window's flow-con-
trol setting from "automatic" to "on" to "off". See the discussion o		trol setting from "automatic" to "on" to "off". See the discussion on FL
n "FLOW-CONTROL" later on in this		OW-CONTROL later on in this docu-
document for full details and note, that this is subject to change in fut		ment for full details and note, that this is subject to change in future
ure releases. Default is set by		releases. Default is set by
`defflow'.		`defflow'.
focus [next|prev|up|down|left|right|top|bottom]		focus [ next | prev | up | down | left | right | top | bottom ]
Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic w ay so that the top left region is		Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic w ay so that the top left region is
selected after the bottom right one. If no option is given it defaults to `next'. The next region to be		selected after the bottom right one. If no option is given it defaults to `next'. The next region to be
selected is determined by how the regions are layered. Normally, the ne xt region in the same layer would		selected is determined by how the regions are layered. Normally, the ne xt region in the same layer would
be selected. However, if that next region contains one or more layers, t he first region in the highest		be selected. However, if that next region contains one or more layers, t he first region in the highest
layer is selected first. If you are at the last region of the current lay er, `next' will move the focus to		layer is selected first. If you are at the last region of the current lay er, `next' will move the focus to
the next region in the lower layer (if there is a lower layer). `Prev' c ycles in the opposite order. See		the next region in the lower layer (if there is a lower layer). `Prev' c ycles in the opposite order. See
"split" for more information about layers.		split for more information about layers.
The rest of the options (`up', `down', `left', `right', `top', and `bott om') are more indifferent to lay-		The rest of the options (`up', `down', `left', `right', `top', and `bott om') are more indifferent to lay-
ers. The option `up' will move the focus upward to the region that is tou ching the upper left corner of		ers. The option `up' will move the focus upward to the region that is tou ching the upper left corner of
the current region. `Down' will move downward to the region that is touc hing the lower left corner of the		the current region. `Down' will move downward to the region that is touc hing the lower left corner of the
current region. The option `left' will move the focus leftward to the reg ion that is touching the upper		current region. The option `left' will move the focus leftward to the reg ion that is touching the upper
left corner of the current region, while `right' will move rightward t o the region that is touching the		left corner of the current region, while `right' will move rightward t o the region that is touching the
upper right corner of the current region. Moving left from a left most re gion or moving right from a right		upper right corner of the current region. Moving left from a left most re gion or moving right from a right
most region will result in no action.		most region will result in no action.
The option `top' will move the focus to the very first region in the upp er list corner of the screen, and		The option `top' will move the focus to the very first region in the upp er list corner of the screen, and
skipping to change at line 1408		skipping to change at line 1402
bind j focus down		bind j focus down
bind k focus up		bind k focus up
bind l focus right		bind l focus right
bind t focus top		bind t focus top
bind b focus bottom		bind b focus bottom
Note that k is traditionally bound to the kill command.		Note that k is traditionally bound to the kill command.
focusminsize [ ( width|max|_ ) ( height|max|_ ) ]		focusminsize [ ( width|max|_ ) ( height|max|_ ) ]
This forces any currently selected region to be automatically resized at least a certain width and height.		This forces any currently selected region to be automatically resized at least a certain width and height.
All other surrounding regions will be resized in order to accommodate. T		All other surrounding regions will be resized in order to accommodate. T
his constraint follows everytime		his constraint follows every time
the "focus" command is used. The "resize" command can be used to incre		the focus command is used. The resize command can be used to increase
ase either dimension of a region,		either dimension of a region, but
but never below what is set with "focusminsize". The underscore `_' is a		never below what is set with focusminsize. The underscore `_' is a synony
synonym for max. Setting a width		m for max. Setting a width and
and height of `0 0' (zero zero) will undo any constraints and allow		height of `0 0' (zero zero) will undo any constraints and allow for manu
for manual resizing. Without any		al resizing. Without any parame-
parameters, the minimum width and height is shown.		ters, the minimum width and height is shown.
gr [on|off]		gr [ on | off ]
Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input character with the 8th bit set, it will		Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input character with the 8th bit set, it will
use the charset stored in the GR slot and print the character with the 8 th bit stripped. The default (see		use the charset stored in the GR slot and print the character with the 8 th bit stripped. The default (see
also "defgr") is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO885 91 charset would not work.		also defgr) is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.
group [grouptitle]		group [grouptitle]
Change or show the group the current window belongs to. Windows can be moved around between different		Change or show the group the current window belongs to. Windows can be moved around between different
groups by specifying the name of the destination group. Without specifyi ng a group, the title of the cur-		groups by specifying the name of the destination group. Without specifyi ng a group, the title of the cur-
rent group is displayed.		rent group is displayed.
hardcopy [-h] [file]		hardcopy [-h] [file]
Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no file name is specified, to hardcopy.n		Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no file name is specified, to hardcopy.n
in the default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This either appends or overwrites		in the default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This either appends or overwrites
the file if it exists. See below. If the option -h is specified, dump al so the contents of the scrollback		the file if it exists. See below. If the option -h is specified, dump al so the contents of the scrollback
buffer.		buffer.
hardcopy_append on|off		hardcopy_append [ on | off ]
If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files created		If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files created by t
by the command "C-a h", otherwise		he command C-a h, otherwise these
these files are overwritten each time. Default is `off'.		files are overwritten each time. Default is `off'.
hardcopydir directory		hardcopydir directory
Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset, hardco pys are dumped in screen's cur-		Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset, hardco pys are dumped in screen's cur-
rent working directory.		rent working directory.
hardstatus [on|off]		hardstatus [ on | off ]
hardstatus [always]firstline|lastline|message|ignore[string]		hardstatus [ always ] firstline | lastline | message | ignore [ string ]
hardstatus string[string]		hardstatus string [ string ]
This command configures the use and emulation of the terminal's hardst atus line. The first form toggles		This command configures the use and emulation of the terminal's hardst atus line. The first form toggles
whether screen will use the hardware status line to display messages. If the flag is set to `off', these		whether screen will use the hardware status line to display messages. If the flag is set to `off', these
messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line. The defa ult setting is `on'.		messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line. The defa ult setting is `on'.
The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't have a hardstatus line (i.e. the term-		The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't have a hardstatus line (i.e. the term-
cap/terminfo capabilities "hs", "ts", "fs" and "ds" are not set). When		cap/terminfo capabilities "hs", "ts", "fs" and "ds" are not set). When f
"firstline/lastline" is used,		irstline/lastline is used, screen
screen will reserve the first/last line of the display for the hardstatus		will reserve the first/last line of the display for the hardstatus. mes
. "message" uses screen's message		sage uses screen's message mecha-
mechanism and "ignore" tells screen never to display the hardstatus. If		nism and ignore tells screen never to display the hardstatus. If you pre
you prepend the word "always" to		pend the word always to the type
the type (e.g., "alwayslastline"), screen will use the type even if the t		(e.g., alwayslastline), screen will use the type even if the terminal sup
erminal supports a hardstatus.		ports a hardstatus.
The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line. '%h' is used as default string, i.e., the		The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line. '%h' is used as default string, i.e., the
stored hardstatus of the current window (settable via "ESC]0;<string>^G"		stored hardstatus of the current window (settable via ESC]0;<string>^G or
or "ESC_<string>ESC\") is dis-		ESC_<string>ESC\) is displayed.
played. You can customize this to any string you like including the		You can customize this to any string you like including the escapes fr
escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES"		om the STRING ESCAPES chapter. If
chapter. If you leave out the argument string, the current string is disp		you leave out the argument string, the current string is displayed.
layed.
You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as addition al argument.		You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as addition al argument.
height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]		height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]
Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument i s given it toggles between 24 and		Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument i s given it toggles between 24 and
42 lines display. You can also specify a width if you want to change both values. The -w option tells		42 lines display. You can also specify a width if you want to change both values. The -w option tells
screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.		screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice versa.
help[class]		help[class]
Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing you all the key bindings. The first pages		Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing you all the key bindings. The first pages
list all the internal commands followed by their current bindings. Subse quent pages will display the cus-		list all the internal commands followed by their current bindings. Subse quent pages will display the cus-
tom commands, one command per key. Press space when you're done reading each page, or return to exit		tom commands, one command per key. Press space when you're done reading each page, or return to exit
early. All other characters are ignored. If the "-c" option is given, d		early. All other characters are ignored. If the -c option is given, d
isplay all bound commands for the		isplay all bound commands for the
specified command class. See also "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section.		specified command class. See also DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS section.
history		history
Usually users work with a shell that allows easy access to previous comma nds. For example csh has the		Usually users work with a shell that allows easy access to previous comma nds. For example csh has the
command "!!" to repeat the last command executed. Screen allows you to h		command !! to repeat the last command executed. Screen allows you to h
ave a primitive way of re-calling		ave a primitive way of re-calling
"the command that started ...": You just type the first letter of that c		the command that started ...: You just type the first letter of that comm
ommand, then hit `C-a {' and		and, then hit `C-a {' and screen
screen tries to find a previous line that matches with the `prompt char		tries to find a previous line that matches with the `prompt character
acter' to the left of the cursor.		' to the left of the cursor. This
This line is pasted into this window's input queue. Thus you have a crud		line is pasted into this window's input queue. Thus you have a crude com
e command history (made up by the		mand history (made up by the vis-
visible window and its scrollback buffer).		ible window and its scrollback buffer).
hstatus status		hstatus status
Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status.		Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status.
idle [timeout[cmd-args]]		idle [timeout[cmd-args]]
Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inactiv ity is reached. This command will		Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inactiv ity is reached. This command will
normally be the "blanker" command to create a screen blanker, but it can		normally be the blanker command to create a screen blanker, but it can be
be any screen command. If no		any screen command. If no com-
command is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (or the		mand is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (or the
special timeout off) disables the		special timeout off) disables the
timer. If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed.		timer. If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed.
ignorecase [on|off]		ignorecase [ on | off ]
Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is `off '. Without any options, the state		Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is `off '. Without any options, the state
of ignorecase is toggled.		of ignorecase is toggled.
info		info
Uses the message line to display some information about the current w indow: the cursor position in the		Uses the message line to display some information about the current w indow: the cursor position in the
form "(column,row)" starting with "(1,1)", the terminal width and height		form (column,row) starting with (1,1), the terminal width and height plus
plus the size of the scrollback		the size of the scrollback buf-
buffer in lines, like in "(80,24)+50", the current state of window XO		fer in lines, like in (80,24)+50, the current state of window XON/XOF
N/XOFF flow control is shown like		F flow control is shown like this
this (See also section FLOW CONTROL):		(See also section FLOW CONTROL):
┌─────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐		┌─────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│+flow │ automatic flow control, currently on. │		│+flow │ automatic flow control, currently on. │
├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤		├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│-flow │ automatic flow control, currently off. │		│-flow │ automatic flow control, currently off. │
├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤		├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│+(+)flow │ flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control. │		│+(+)flow │ flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control. │
├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤		├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│-(+)flow │ flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control. │		│-(+)flow │ flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control. │
├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤		├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│+(-)flow │ flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control. │		│+(-)flow │ flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control. │
├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤		├─────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│-(-)flow │ flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control. │		│-(-)flow │ flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control. │
└─────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘		└─────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
The current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled, `-wrap' not) is also shown. The flags `ins',		The current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled, `-wrap' not) is also shown. The flags `ins',
`org', `app', `log', `mon' or `nored' are displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin mode, appli-		`org', `app', `log', `mon' or `nored' are displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin mode, appli-
cation-keypad mode, has output logging, activity monitoring or partial re draw enabled.		cation-keypad mode, has output logging, activity monitoring or partial re draw enabled.
The currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brac kets the terminal character sets		The currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brac kets the terminal character sets
that are currently designated as G0 through G3 is shown. If the wi		that are currently designated as G0 through G3 is shown. If the window i
ndow is in UTF-8 mode, the string		s in UTF-8 mode, the string UTF-8
"UTF-8" is shown instead.		is shown instead.
Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See also		Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See also
chapter "WINDOW TYPES").		chapter WINDOW TYPES).
If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default state , the info line is started with a		If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default state , the info line is started with a
string identifying the current state.		string identifying the current state.
For system information use the "time" command.		For system information use the time command.
ins_reg [key]		ins_reg [key]
No longer exists, use "paste" instead.		No longer exists, use paste instead.
kill		kill
Kill current window.		Kill current window.
If there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the pr ocess (shell) running in the win-		If there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the pr ocess (shell) running in the win-
dow receives a HANGUP condition, the window structure is removed and screen (your display) switches to		dow receives a HANGUP condition, the window structure is removed and screen (your display) switches to
another window. When the last window is destroyed, screen exits. After a kill screen switches to the		another window. When the last window is destroyed, screen exits. After a kill screen switches to the
previously displayed window.		previously displayed window.
Note: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when killing a line.		Note: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when killing a line.
It is recommended not to use "C-		It is recommended not to use C-a
a" as the screen escape key or to rebind kill to "C-a K".		as the screen escape key or to rebind kill to C-a K.
lastmsg		lastmsg
Redisplay the last contents of the message/status line. Useful if you're typing when a message appears,		Redisplay the last contents of the message/status line. Useful if you're typing when a message appears,
because the message goes away when you press a key (unless your term inal has a hardware status line).		because the message goes away when you press a key (unless your term inal has a hardware status line).
Refer to the commands "msgwait" and "msgminwait" for fine tuning.		Refer to the commands msgwait and msgminwait for fine tuning.
layout new [title]		layout new [title]
Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region and be sw itched to the blank window. From		Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region and be sw itched to the blank window. From
here, you build the regions and the windows they show as you desire. The new layout will be numbered with		here, you build the regions and the windows they show as you desire. The new layout will be numbered with
the smallest available integer, starting with zero. You can optionally gi ve a title to your new layout.		the smallest available integer, starting with zero. You can optionally gi ve a title to your new layout.
Otherwise, it will have a default title of "layout". You can always ch		Otherwise, it will have a default title of layout. You can always change
ange the title later by using the		the title later by using the com-
command layout title.		mand layout title.
layout remove [n|title]		layout remove [n|title]
Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the number or the title can be specified.		Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the number or the title can be specified.
Without either specification, screen will remove the current layout.		Without either specification, screen will remove the current layout.
Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.		Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.
layout next		layout next
skipping to change at line 1625		skipping to change at line 1619
Remember the current arrangement of regions. When used, screen will remem ber the arrangement of vertically		Remember the current arrangement of regions. When used, screen will remem ber the arrangement of vertically
and horizontally split regions. This arrangement is restored when a sc reen session is reattached or		and horizontally split regions. This arrangement is restored when a sc reen session is reattached or
switched back from a different layout. If the session ends or the screen process dies, the layout arrange-		switched back from a different layout. If the session ends or the screen process dies, the layout arrange-
ments are lost. The layout dump command should help in this siutation. If a number or title is supplied,		ments are lost. The layout dump command should help in this siutation. If a number or title is supplied,
screen will remember the arrangement of that particular layout. Without any options, screen will remember		screen will remember the arrangement of that particular layout. Without any options, screen will remember
the current layout.		the current layout.
Saving your regions can be done automatically by using the layout autosav e command.		Saving your regions can be done automatically by using the layout autosav e command.
layout autosave [on|off]		layout autosave [ on | off]
Change or display the status of automatcally saving layouts. The default is on, meaning when screen is		Change or display the status of automatcally saving layouts. The default is on, meaning when screen is
detached or changed to a different layout, the arrangement of regions and windows will be remembered at		detached or changed to a different layout, the arrangement of regions and windows will be remembered at
the time of change and restored upon return. If autosave is set to off, that arrangement will only be		the time of change and restored upon return. If autosave is set to off, that arrangement will only be
restored to either to the last manual save, using layout save, or to when the layout was first created, to		restored to either to the last manual save, using layout save, or to when the layout was first created, to
a single region with a single window. Without either an on or off, the cu rrent status is displayed on the		a single region with a single window. Without either an on or off, the cu rrent status is displayed on the
message line.		message line.
layout dump [filename]		layout dump [filename]
skipping to change at line 1649		skipping to change at line 1643
no filename is specified, the default is layout-dump, saved in the direct ory that the screen process was		no filename is specified, the default is layout-dump, saved in the direct ory that the screen process was
started in. If the file already exists, layout dump will append to that f ile. As an example:		started in. If the file already exists, layout dump will append to that f ile. As an example:
C-a : layout dump /home/user/.screenrc		C-a : layout dump /home/user/.screenrc
will save or append the layout to the user's .screenrc file.		will save or append the layout to the user's .screenrc file.
license		license
Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is started without options, which should be		Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is started without options, which should be
often enough. See also the "startup_message" command.		often enough. See also the startup_message command.
lockscreen		lockscreen
Lock this display. Call a screenlock program (/local/bin/lck or /usr/bin /lock or a builtin if no other is		Lock this display. Call a screenlock program (/local/bin/lck or /usr/bin /lock or a builtin if no other is
available). Screen does not accept any command keys until this program t erminates. Meanwhile processes in		available). Screen does not accept any command keys until this program t erminates. Meanwhile processes in
the windows may continue, as the windows are in the `detached' state. The screenlock program may be		the windows may continue, as the windows are in the `detached' state. The screenlock program may be
changed through the environment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from which screen is		changed through the environment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from which screen is
started) and is executed with the user's uid and gid.		started) and is executed with the user's uid and gid.
Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no password se t on screen, the lock is void:		Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no password se t on screen, the lock is void:
One could easily re-attach from an unlocked shell. This feature should ra ther be called `lockterminal'.		One could easily re-attach from an unlocked shell. This feature should ra ther be called `lockterminal'.
log [on|off]		log [ on | off ]
Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file "screenlog.n" i n the window's default directory,		Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file screenlog.n i n the window's default directory,
where n is the number of the current window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile' command. If		where n is the number of the current window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile' command. If
no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to the previous con-		no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to the previous con-
tents of the file if it already exists. The current contents and the cont ents of the scrollback history		tents of the file if it already exists. The current contents and the cont ents of the scrollback history
are not included in the session log. Default is `off'.		are not included in the session log. Default is `off'.
logfile filename		logfile filename
logfile flush secs		logfile flush secs
Defines the name the log files will get. The default is "screenlog.%n". T he second form changes the number		Defines the name the log files will get. The default is screenlog.%n. T he second form changes the number
of seconds screen will wait before flushing the logfile buffer to the fil e-system. The default value is 10		of seconds screen will wait before flushing the logfile buffer to the fil e-system. The default value is 10
seconds.		seconds.
login [on|off]		login [ on | off ]
Adds or removes the entry in the utmp database file for the current win dow. This controls if the window		Adds or removes the entry in the utmp database file for the current win dow. This controls if the window
is `logged in'. When no parameter is given, the login state of the windo w is toggled. Additionally to		is `logged in'. When no parameter is given, the login state of the windo w is toggled. Additionally to
that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in' and a `log out' key. E .g. `bind I login on' and `bind O		that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in' and a `log out' key. E .g. `bind I login on' and `bind O
login off' will map these keys to be C-a I and C-a O. The default settin		login off' will map these keys to be C-a I and C-a O. The default settin
g (in config.h.in) should be "on"		g (in config.h.in) should be on
for a screen that runs under suid-root. Use the "deflogin" command to c		for a screen that runs under suid-root. Use the deflogin command to c
hange the default login state for		hange the default login state for
new windows. Both commands are only present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.		new windows. Both commands are only present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.
logtstamp [on|off]		logtstamp [on|off]
logtstamp after [secs]		logtstamp after [secs]
logtstamp string		logtstamp string
[string]		[string]
This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen. If time-st		This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen. If time-st
amps are turned "on", screen adds		amps are turned on, screen adds a
a string containing the current time to the logfile after two minutes of		string containing the current time to the logfile after two minutes of i
inactivity. When output contin-		nactivity. When output continues
ues and more than another two minutes have passed, a second time-stamp is		and more than another two minutes have passed, a second time-stamp is add
added to document the restart of		ed to document the restart of the
the output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the co		output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the command
mmand. The third form is used for		. The third form is used for cus-
customizing the time-stamp string (`-- %n:%t -- time-stamp -- %M/%d/%y %c		tomizing the time-stamp string (`-- %n:%t -- time-stamp -- %M/%d/%y %c:%s
:%s --\n' by default).		--\n' by default).
mapdefault		mapdefault
Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up in the default bindkey table. See also		Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up in the default bindkey table. See also
"bindkey".		bindkey.
mapnotnext		mapnotnext
Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table.		Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table.
maptimeout [timeout]		maptimeout [timeout]
Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout o f timeout ms. The default timeout		Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout o f timeout ms. The default timeout
is 300ms. Maptimeout with no arguments shows the current setting. See al so "bindkey".		is 300ms. Maptimeout with no arguments shows the current setting. See al so bindkey.
markkeys string		markkeys string
This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode. Th e string is made up of old-		This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode. Th e string is made up of old-
char=newchar pairs which are separated by `:'. Example: The string "B=^B :F=^F" will change the keys `C-b'		char=newchar pairs which are separated by `:'. Example: The string B=^ B:F=^F will change the keys `C-b'
and `C-f' to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page). This happe ns to be the default binding for		and `C-f' to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page). This happe ns to be the default binding for
`B' and `F'. The command "markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E" would set the mod		`B' and `F'. The command markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E would set the mode for
e for an emacs-style binding. If		an emacs-style binding. If your
your terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then t		terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this c
his command may help by binding		ommand may help by binding these
these characters to do nothing. The no-op character is `@' and is used l		characters to do nothing. The no-op character is `@' and is used like t
ike this: "markkeys @=L=H" if you		his: markkeys @=L=H if you do not
do not want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer. As shown in this		want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer. As shown in this example
example, multiple keys can be		, multiple keys can be assigned
assigned to one function in a single statement.		to one function in a single statement.
maxwin num		maxwin num
Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn't affect already existing windows. The number can		Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn't affect already existing windows. The number can
be increased only when there are no existing windows.		be increased only when there are no existing windows.
meta		meta
Insert the command character (C-a) in the current window's input stream.		Insert the command character (C-a) in the current window's input stream.
monitor [on|off]		monitor [ on | off ]
Toggles activity monitoring of windows. When monitoring is turned on and an affected window is switched		Toggles activity monitoring of windows. When monitoring is turned on and an affected window is switched
into the background, you will receive the activity notification messag e in the status line at the first		into the background, you will receive the activity notification messag e in the status line at the first
sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@' in the wind ow-status display. Monitoring is		sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@' in the wind ow-status display. Monitoring is
initially off for all windows.		initially off for all windows.
mousetrack [on|off]		mousetrack [ on | off ]
This command determines whether screen will watch for mouse clicks. When this command is enabled, regions		This command determines whether screen will watch for mouse clicks. When this command is enabled, regions
that have been split in various ways can be selected by pointing to them with a mouse and left-clicking		that have been split in various ways can be selected by pointing to them with a mouse and left-clicking
them. Without specifying on or off, the current state is displayed. The d efault state is determined by the		them. Without specifying on or off, the current state is displayed. The d efault state is determined by the
"defmousetrack" command.		defmousetrack command.
msgminwait sec		msgminwait sec
Defines the time screen delays a new message when one message is currentl y displayed. The default is 1		Defines the time screen delays a new message when one message is currentl y displayed. The default is 1
second.		second.
msgwait sec		msgwait sec
Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not disturbed by other activity. The default is 5		Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not disturbed by other activity. The default is 5
seconds.		seconds.
multiuser on|off		multiuser [ on | off ]
Switch between singleuser and multiuser mode. Standard screen operation i s singleuser. In multiuser mode		Switch between singleuser and multiuser mode. Standard screen operation i s singleuser. In multiuser mode
the commands `acladd', `aclchg', `aclgrp' and `acldel' can be used to enable (and disable) other users		the commands `acladd', `aclchg', `aclgrp' and `acldel' can be used to enable (and disable) other users
accessing this screen session.		accessing this screen session.
nethack on|off		nethack [ on | off ]
Changes the kind of error messages used by screen. When you are familiar with the game "nethack", you may		Changes the kind of error messages used by screen. When you are familiar with the game nethack, you may
enjoy the nethack-style messages which will often blur the facts a litt le, but are much funnier to read.		enjoy the nethack-style messages which will often blur the facts a litt le, but are much funnier to read.
Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.		Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.
This option is only available if screen was compiled with the NETHACK fla g defined. The default setting is		This option is only available if screen was compiled with the NETHACK fla g defined. The default setting is
then determined by the presence of the environment variable $NETHACKOPTIO NS and the file ~/.nethackrc - if		then determined by the presence of the environment variable $NETHACKOPTIO NS and the file ~/.nethackrc - if
either one is present, the default is on.		either one is present, the default is on.
next		next
Switch to the next window. This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.		Switch to the next window. This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows.
nonblock [on|off|numsecs]		nonblock [ on | off | numsecs ]
Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that cease to acc ept output. This can happen if a		Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that cease to acc ept output. This can happen if a
user presses ^S or a TCP/modem connection gets cut but no hangup is rece ived. If nonblock is off (this is		user presses ^S or a TCP/modem connection gets cut but no hangup is rece ived. If nonblock is off (this is
the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the output . If nonblock is on, screen waits		the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the output . If nonblock is on, screen waits
until the timeout is reached (on is treated as 1s). If the display still doesn't receive characters,		until the timeout is reached (on is treated as 1s). If the display still doesn't receive characters,
screen will consider it "blocked" and stop sending characters to it. If a t some time it restarts to accept		screen will consider it blocked and stop sending characters to it. If at some time it restarts to accept
characters, screen will unblock the display and redisplay the updated win dow contents.		characters, screen will unblock the display and redisplay the updated win dow contents.
number [[+|-]n]		number [[+|-]n]
Change the current window's number. If the given number n is already use d by another window, both windows		Change the current window's number. If the given number n is already use d by another window, both windows
exchange their numbers. If no argument is specified, the current window n umber (and title) is shown. Using		exchange their numbers. If no argument is specified, the current window n umber (and title) is shown. Using
`+' or `-' will change the window's number by the relative amount specifi ed.		`+' or `-' will change the window's number by the relative amount specifi ed.
obuflimit [limit]		obuflimit [limit]
skipping to change at line 1807		skipping to change at line 1801
only		only
Kill all regions but the current one.		Kill all regions but the current one.
other		other
Switch to the window displayed previously. If this window does no longer exist, other has the same effect		Switch to the window displayed previously. If this window does no longer exist, other has the same effect
as next.		as next.
partial on|off		partial [ on | off ]
Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with redisplay) after switching to the current window.		Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with redisplay) after switching to the current window.
This command only affects the current window. To immediately affect al l windows use the allpartial com-		This command only affects the current window. To immediately affect al l windows use the allpartial com-
mand. Default is `off', of course. This default is fixed, as there is c urrently no defpartial command.		mand. Default is `off', of course. This default is fixed, as there is c urrently no defpartial command.
password [crypted_pw]		password [crypted_pw]
Present a crypted password in your ".screenrc" file and screen will ask f		Present a crypted password in your .screenrc file and screen will ask for
or it, whenever someone attempts		it, whenever someone attempts to
to resume a detached. This is useful if you have privileged programs run		resume a detached. This is useful if you have privileged programs run
ning under screen and you want to		ning under screen and you want to
protect your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerading as your uid (i.e. any superuser.)		protect your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerading as your uid (i.e. any superuser.)
If no crypted password is specified, screen prompts twice for typing a p assword and places its encryption		If no crypted password is specified, screen prompts twice for typing a p assword and places its encryption
in the paste buffer. Default is `none', this disables password checking.		in the paste buffer. Default is `none', this disables password checking.
paste [registers [dest_reg]]		paste [registers [dest_reg]]
Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the stdin queue of the current window. The		Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the stdin queue of the current window. The
register '.' is treated as the paste buffer. If no parameter is given the user is prompted for a single		register '.' is treated as the paste buffer. If no parameter is given the user is prompted for a single
register to paste. The paste buffer can be filled with the copy, history and readbuf commands. Other		register to paste. The paste buffer can be filled with the copy, history and readbuf commands. Other
registers can be filled with the register, readreg and paste commands. If paste is called with a second		registers can be filled with the register, readreg and paste commands. If paste is called with a second
argument, the contents of the specified registers is pasted into the nam ed destination register rather		argument, the contents of the specified registers is pasted into the nam ed destination register rather
than the window. If '.' is used as the second argument, the displays paste buffer is the destination.		than the window. If '.' is used as the second argument, the displays paste buffer is the destination.
Note, that "paste" uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a second ar		Note, that paste uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a second argu
gument is specified no current		ment is specified no current win-
window is needed. When the source specification only contains registers		dow is needed. When the source specification only contains registers
(not the paste buffer) then there		(not the paste buffer) then there
need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are a global resource. The paste buf-		need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are a global resource. The paste buf-
fer exists once for every user.		fer exists once for every user.
pastefont [on|off]		pastefont [ on | off ]
Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer. The default is not to do so. This command is		Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer. The default is not to do so. This command is
especially useful for multi character fonts like kanji.		especially useful for multi character fonts like kanji.
pow_break		pow_break
Reopen the window's terminal line and send a break condition. See `break' .		Reopen the window's terminal line and send a break condition. See `break' .
pow_detach		pow_detach
skipping to change at line 1860		skipping to change at line 1854
The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach' was perfor med. It may be used as a replace-		The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach' was perfor med. It may be used as a replace-
ment for a logout message or to reset baud rate, etc. Without parameter, the current message is shown.		ment for a logout message or to reset baud rate, etc. Without parameter, the current message is shown.
prev		prev
Switch to the window with the next lower number. This command can be use d repeatedly to cycle through the		Switch to the window with the next lower number. This command can be use d repeatedly to cycle through the
list of windows.		list of windows.
printcmd [cmd]		printcmd [cmd]
If cmd is not an empty string, screen will not use the terminal capabilit		If cmd is not an empty string, screen will not use the terminal capabil
ies "po/pf" if it detects an ansi		ities po/pf if it detects an ansi
print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but pipe the output into cmd. This should norm		print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but pipe the output into cmd. This should norm
ally be a command like "lpr" or		ally be a command like lpr or
"'cat > /tmp/scrprint'". printcmd without a command displays the curren		printcmd without a command displays the current setting. The ansi sequen
t setting. The ansi sequence ESC		ce ESC \ ends printing and closes
\ ends printing and closes the pipe.		the pipe.
Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write access to your terminal, they will be able		Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write access to your terminal, they will be able
to fire off print commands.		to fire off print commands.
process [key]		process [key]
Stuff the contents of the specified register into screen's input queue . If no argument is given you are		Stuff the contents of the specified register into screen's input queue . If no argument is given you are
prompted for a register name. The text is parsed as if it had been typed in from the user's keyboard. This		prompted for a register name. The text is parsed as if it had been typed in from the user's keyboard. This
command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key.		command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key.
quit		quit
Kill all windows and terminate screen. Note that on VT100-style termina ls the keys C-4 and C-\ are iden-		Kill all windows and terminate screen. Note that on VT100-style termina ls the keys C-4 and C-\ are iden-
tical. This makes the default bindings dangerous: Be careful not to type C-a C-4 when selecting window		tical. This makes the default bindings dangerous: Be careful not to type C-a C-4 when selecting window
no. 4. Use the empty bind command (as in "bind '^\'") to remove a key bi nding.		no. 4. Use the empty bind command (as in bind '^\') to remove a key bind ing.
readbuf [encoding] [filename]		readbuf [encoding] [filename]
Reads the contents of the specified file into the paste buffer. You ca n tell screen the encoding of the		Reads the contents of the specified file into the paste buffer. You ca n tell screen the encoding of the
file via the -e option. If no file is specified, the screen-exchange fil		file via the -e option. If no file is specified, the screen-exchange fil
ename is used. See also "buffer-		ename is used. See also buffer-
file" command.		file command.
readreg [encoding] [register [filename]]		readreg [encoding] [register [filename]]
Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero o r one arguments it duplicates the		Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero o r one arguments it duplicates the
paste buffer contents into the register specified or entered at the promp t. With two arguments it reads		paste buffer contents into the register specified or entered at the promp t. With two arguments it reads
the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads the screen-exchange file into the		the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads the screen-exchange file into the
paste buffer. You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e op tion. The following example will		paste buffer. You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -e op tion. The following example will
paste the system's password file into the screen window (using register p , where a copy remains):		paste the system's password file into the screen window (using register p , where a copy remains):
C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd		C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd
C-a : paste p		C-a : paste p
redisplay		redisplay
Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in part ial redraw mode.		Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in part ial redraw mode.
register [-eencoding]key-string		register [-eencoding]key-string
Save the specified string to the register key. The encoding of the s tring can be specified via the -e		Save the specified string to the register key. The encoding of the s tring can be specified via the -e
option. See also the "paste" command.		option. See also the paste command.
remove		remove
Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.		Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.
removebuf		removebuf
Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the commands "writebuf" and "rea dbuf".		Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the commands writebuf and readbu f.
rendition bell | monitor | silence | so attr [ color ]		rendition [ bell | monitor | silence | so ] attr [ color ]
Change the way screen renders the titles of windows that have monitor or bell flags set in caption or		Change the way screen renders the titles of windows that have monitor or bell flags set in caption or
hardstatus or windowlist. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the synt		hardstatus or windowlist. See the STRING ESCAPES chapter for the syntax o
ax of the modifiers. The default		f the modifiers. The default for
for monitor is currently "=b " (bold, active colors), for bell "=ub " (un		monitor is currently =b (bold, active colors), for bell =ub (underline,
derline, bold and active colors),		bold and active colors), and =u
and "=u " for silence.		for silence.
reset		reset
Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values. Useful when strange settings (like scroll regions or		Reset the virtual terminal to its power-on values. Useful when strange settings (like scroll regions or
graphics character set) are left over from an application.		graphics character set) are left over from an application.
resize [-h|-v|-b|-l|-p] [[+|-] n[%] |=|max|min|_|0]		resize [-h|-v|-b|-l|-p] [[+|-] n[%] |=|max|min|_|0]
Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added to the surrounding regions depending on		Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added to the surrounding regions depending on
the order of the splits. The available options for resizing are `-h'(horizontal), `-v'(vertical),		the order of the splits. The available options for resizing are `-h'(horizontal), `-v'(vertical),
`-b'(both), `-l'(local to layer), and `-p'(perpendicular). Horizontal res izes will add or remove width to		`-b'(both), `-l'(local to layer), and `-p'(perpendicular). Horizontal res izes will add or remove width to
a region, vertical will add or remove height, and both will add or remove size from both dimensions. Local		a region, vertical will add or remove height, and both will add or remove size from both dimensions. Local
and perpendicular are similar to horizontal and vertical, but they take i n account of how a region was		and perpendicular are similar to horizontal and vertical, but they take i n account of how a region was
split. If a region's last split was horizontal, a local resize will work like a vertical resize. If a		split. If a region's last split was horizontal, a local resize will work like a vertical resize. If a
skipping to change at line 1971		skipping to change at line 1965
make all windows equally		make all windows equally
resize max		resize max
maximize current region		maximize current region
resize min		resize min
minimize current region		minimize current region
Without any arguments, screen will prompt for how you would like to resiz e the current region.		Without any arguments, screen will prompt for how you would like to resiz e the current region.
See "focusminsize" if you want to restrict the minimun size a region can have.		See focusminsize if you want to restrict the minimum size a region can ha ve.
screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]|//group]		screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]|//group]
Establish a new window. The flow-control options (-f, -fn and -fa), title (a.k.a.) option (-t), login		Establish a new window. The flow-control options (-f, -fn and -fa), title (a.k.a.) option (-t), login
options (-l and -ln) , terminal type option (-T <term>), the all-capab ility-flag (-a) and scrollback		options (-l and -ln) , terminal type option (-T <term>), the all-capab ility-flag (-a) and scrollback
option (-h <num>) may be specified with each command. The option (-M) turns monitoring on for this win-		option (-h <num>) may be specified with each command. The option (-M) turns monitoring on for this win-
dow. The option (-L) turns output logging on for this window. If an op tional number n in the range		dow. The option (-L) turns output logging on for this window. If an op tional number n in the range
0..MAXWIN-1 is given, the window number n is assigned to the newly crea ted window (or, if this number is		0..MAXWIN-1 is given, the window number n is assigned to the newly crea ted window (or, if this number is
already in-use, the next available number). If a command is specified af ter "screen", this command (with		already in-use, the next available number). If a command is specified af ter screen, this command (with
the given arguments) is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is cr eated. If //group is supplied, a		the given arguments) is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is cr eated. If //group is supplied, a
container-type window is created in which other windows may be created in side it.		container-type window is created in which other windows may be created in side it.
Thus, if your ".screenrc" contains the lines		Thus, if your .screenrc contains the lines
# example for .screenrc:		# example for .screenrc:
screen 1		screen 1
screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar		screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar
screen creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET c onnection to the machine foobar		screen creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET c onnection to the machine foobar
(with no flow-control using the title "foobar" in window #2) and will w		(with no flow-control using the title foobar in window #2) and will wri
rite a logfile ("screenlog.2") of		te a logfile (screenlog.2) of the
the telnet session. Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no add		telnet session. Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no additio
itional default window is created		nal default window is created
when "screen" commands are included in your ".screenrc" file. When the in		when screen commands are included in your .screenrc file. When the in
itialization is completed, screen		itialization is completed, screen
switches to the last window specified in your .screenrc file or, if none, opens a default window #0.		switches to the last window specified in your .screenrc file or, if none, opens a default window #0.
Screen has built in some functionality of "cu" and "telnet". See also ch apter "WINDOW TYPES".		Screen has built in some functionality of cu and telnet. See also chapte r WINDOW TYPES.
scrollback num		scrollback num
Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current windows to num line s. The default scrollback is 100		Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current windows to num line s. The default scrollback is 100
lines. See also the "defscrollback" command and use "info" to view the c		lines. See also the defscrollback command and use info to view the curre
urrent setting. To access and use		nt setting. To access and use the
the contents in the scrollback buffer, use the "copy" command.		contents in the scrollback buffer, use the copy command.
select [WindowID]		select [WindowID]
Switch to the window identified by WindowID. This can be a prefix of a w indow title (alphanumeric window		Switch to the window identified by WindowID. This can be a prefix of a w indow title (alphanumeric window
name) or a window number. The parameter is optional and if omitted, yo u get prompted for an identifier.		name) or a window number. The parameter is optional and if omitted, yo u get prompted for an identifier.
When a new window is established, the first available number is assigned to this window. Thus, the first		When a new window is established, the first available number is assigned to this window. Thus, the first
window can be activated by "select 0". The number of windows is limi		window can be activated by select 0. The number of windows is limited a
ted at compile-time by the MAXWIN		t compile-time by the MAXWIN con-
configuration parameter (which defaults to 40). There are two special Wi		figuration parameter (which defaults to 40). There are two special Wind
ndowIDs, "-" selects the internal		owIDs, - selects the internal
blank window and "." selects the current window. The latter is useful if		blank window and . selects the current window. The latter is useful if us
used with screen's "-X" option.		ed with screen's -X option.
sessionname [name]		sessionname [name]
Rename the current session. Note, that for "screen -list" the name shows		Rename the current session. Note, that for screen -list the name shows
up with the process-id prepended.		up with the process-id prepended.
If the argument "name" is omitted, the name of this session is displayed.		If the argument name is omitted, the name of this session is displayed.
Caution: The $STY environment		Caution: The $STY environment
variables will still reflect the old name in pre-existing shells. Thi s may result in confusion. Use of		variables will still reflect the old name in pre-existing shells. Thi s may result in confusion. Use of
this command is generally discouraged. Use the "-S" command-line option i f you want to name a new session.		this command is generally discouraged. Use the -S command-line option if you want to name a new session.
The default is constructed from the tty and host names.		The default is constructed from the tty and host names.
setenv [var [string]]		setenv [var [string]]
Set the environment variable var to value string. If only var is specif ied, the user will be prompted to		Set the environment variable var to value string. If only var is specif ied, the user will be prompted to
enter a value. If no parameters are specified, the user will be prompted for both variable and value. The		enter a value. If no parameters are specified, the user will be prompted for both variable and value. The
environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells.		environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells.
setsid [on|off]		setsid [ on | off ]
Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the windo ws. If setsid is turned off, this		Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the windo ws. If setsid is turned off, this
is not done anymore and all windows will be in the same process group as the screen backend process. This		is not done anymore and all windows will be in the same process group as the screen backend process. This
also breaks job-control, so be careful. The default is on, of course . This command is probably useful		also breaks job-control, so be careful. The default is on, of course . This command is probably useful
only in rare circumstances.		only in rare circumstances.
shell command		shell command
Set the command to be used to create a new shell. This overrides the val ue of the environment variable		Set the command to be used to create a new shell. This overrides the val ue of the environment variable
$SHELL. This is useful if you'd like to run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the program		$SHELL. This is useful if you'd like to run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the program
specified in $SHELL. If the command begins with a '-' character, the she ll will be started as a login-		specified in $SHELL. If the command begins with a '-' character, the she ll will be started as a login-
shell. Typical shells do only minimal initialization when not started as a login-shell. E.g. Bash will		shell. Typical shells do only minimal initialization when not started as a login-shell. E.g. Bash will
not read your "~/.bashrc" unless it is a login-shell.		not read your ~/.bashrc unless it is a login-shell.
shelltitle title		shelltitle title
Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-A C-c com mand. For details about what a		Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-A C-c com mand. For details about what a
title is, see the discussion entitled "TITLES (naming windows)".		title is, see the discussion entitled TITLES (naming windows).
silence [on|off|sec]		silence [ on | off | sec ]
Toggles silence monitoring of windows. When silence is turned on and an affected window is switched into		Toggles silence monitoring of windows. When silence is turned on and an affected window is switched into
the background, you will receive the silence notification message in the status line after a specified		the background, you will receive the silence notification message in the status line after a specified
period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed wit h the `silencewait' command or by		period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed wit h the `silencewait' command or by
specifying a number of seconds instead of `on' or `off'. Silence is init ially off for all windows.		specifying a number of seconds instead of `on' or `off'. Silence is init ially off for all windows.
silencewait sec		silencewait sec
Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait before displaying a message. Default 30		Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait before displaying a message. Default 30
seconds.		seconds.
sleep num		sleep num
This command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num seconds . Keyboard activity will end the		This command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num seconds . Keyboard activity will end the
sleep. It may be used to give users a chance to read the messages output by "echo".		sleep. It may be used to give users a chance to read the messages output by echo.
slowpaste msec		slowpaste msec
Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current window by the paste ("C-a ]") command. If the		Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current window by the paste ("C-a ]") command. If the
slowpaste value is nonzero text is written character by character. scre en will make a pause of msec mil-		slowpaste value is nonzero text is written character by character. scre en will make a pause of msec mil-
liseconds after each single character write to allow the application to p rocess its input. Only use slow-		liseconds after each single character write to allow the application to p rocess its input. Only use slow-
paste if your underlying system exposes flow control problems while pasti ng large amounts of text.		paste if your underlying system exposes flow control problems while pasti ng large amounts of text.
sort		sort
skipping to change at line 2094		skipping to change at line 2088
sorendition [attr[color]]		sorendition [attr[color]]
This command is deprecated. See "rendition so" instead.		This command is deprecated. See "rendition so" instead.
split[-v]		split[-v]
Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display are resized to make room for the		Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display are resized to make room for the
new region. The blank window is displayed in the new region. The default is to create a horizontal split,		new region. The blank window is displayed in the new region. The default is to create a horizontal split,
putting the new regions on the top and bottom of each other. Using ` -v' will create a vertical split,		putting the new regions on the top and bottom of each other. Using ` -v' will create a vertical split,
causing the new regions to appear side by side of each other. Use the "r		causing the new regions to appear side by side of each other. Use the r
emove" or the "only" command to		emove or the only command to
delete regions. Use "focus" to toggle between regions.		delete regions. Use focus to toggle between regions.
When a region is split opposite of how it was previously split (that is, vertical then horizontal or hori-		When a region is split opposite of how it was previously split (that is, vertical then horizontal or hori-
zontal then vertical), a new layer is created. The layer is used to group together the regions that are		zontal then vertical), a new layer is created. The layer is used to group together the regions that are
split the same. Normally, as a user, you should not see nor have to worry about layers, but they will		split the same. Normally, as a user, you should not see nor have to worry about layers, but they will
affect how some commands ("focus" and "resize") behave.		affect how some commands (focus and resize) behave.
With this current implementation of screen, scrolling data will appear mu ch slower in a vertically split		With this current implementation of screen, scrolling data will appear mu ch slower in a vertically split
region than one that is not. This should be taken into consideration i f you need to use system commands		region than one that is not. This should be taken into consideration i f you need to use system commands
such as "cat" or "tail -f".		such as cat or tail -f.
startup_message on|off		startup_message [ on | off ]
Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup. Defa ult is `on', as you probably		Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup. Defa ult is `on', as you probably
noticed.		noticed.
status [top|up|down|bottom] [left|right]		status [ top | up | down | bottom ] [ left | right ]
The status window by default is in bottom-left corner. This command can m ove status messages to any corner		The status window by default is in bottom-left corner. This command can m ove status messages to any corner
of the screen. top is the same as up, down is the same as bottom.		of the screen. top is the same as up, down is the same as bottom.
stuff [string]		stuff [string]
Stuff the string string in the input buffer of the current window. This is like the "paste" command but		Stuff the string string in the input buffer of the current window. This is like the paste command but
with much less overhead. Without a parameter, screen will prompt for a s tring to stuff. You cannot paste		with much less overhead. Without a parameter, screen will prompt for a s tring to stuff. You cannot paste
large buffers with the "stuff" command. It is most useful for key binding s. See also "bindkey".		large buffers with the stuff command. It is most useful for key bindings. See also bindkey.
su [username [password [password2]]]		su [username [password [password2]]]
Substitute the user of a display. The command prompts for all parameters that are omitted. If passwords		Substitute the user of a display. The command prompts for all parameters that are omitted. If passwords
are specified as parameters, they have to be specified un-crypted. The first password is matched against		are specified as parameters, they have to be specified un-crypted. The first password is matched against
the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the s creen password as set with the		the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the s creen password as set with the
commands "acladd" or "password". "Su" may be useful for the screen adm		commands acladd or password. Su may be useful for the screen admini
inistrator to test multiuser set-		strator to test multiuser setups.
ups. When the identification fails, the user has access to the commands		When the identification fails, the user has access to the commands availa
available for user nobody. These		ble for user nobody. These are
are "detach", "license", "version", "help" and "displays".		detach, license, version, help and displays.
suspend		suspend
Suspend screen. The windows are in the `detached' state, while screen is suspended. This feature relies		Suspend screen. The windows are in the `detached' state, while screen is suspended. This feature relies
on the shell being able to do job control.		on the shell being able to do job control.
term term		term term
In each window's environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to "		In each window's environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to s
screen" by default. But when no		creen by default. But when no
description for "screen" is installed in the local termcap or terminfo da		description for screen is installed in the local termcap or terminfo da
ta base, you set $TERM to - say -		ta base, you set $TERM to - say -
"vt100". This won't do much harm, as screen is VT100/ANSI compatible. Th		vt100. This won't do much harm, as screen is VT100/ANSI compatible. The
e use of the "term" command is		use of the term command is dis-
discouraged for non-default purpose. That is, one may want to specify sp		couraged for non-default purpose. That is, one may want to specify sp
ecial $TERM settings (e.g. vt100)		ecial $TERM settings (e.g. vt100)
for the next "screen rlogin othermachine" command. Use the command "scree		for the next screen rlogin othermachine command. Use the command screen
n -T vt100 rlogin othermachine"		-T vt100 rlogin othermachine
rather than setting and resetting the default.		rather than setting and resetting the default.
termcap term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]		termcap term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]
terminfo term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]		terminfo term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]
termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]		termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks[window-tweaks]
Use this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without going th rough all the hassles involved in		Use this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without going th rough all the hassles involved in
creating a custom termcap entry. Plus, you can optionally customize the termcap generated for the win-		creating a custom termcap entry. Plus, you can optionally customize the termcap generated for the win-
skipping to change at line 2167		skipping to change at line 2161
mand, which has the same effects as the `termcap' command. Two separat e commands are provided, as there		mand, which has the same effects as the `termcap' command. Two separat e commands are provided, as there
are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when parameter interpolation (usin g `%') is required. Note that		are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when parameter interpolation (usin g `%') is required. Note that
termcap names of the capabilities have to be used with the `terminfo' com mand.		termcap names of the capabilities have to be used with the `terminfo' com mand.
In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both terminfo and termca p syntax, you can use the command		In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both terminfo and termca p syntax, you can use the command
`termcapinfo', which is just a shorthand for a pair of `termcap' and `ter minfo' commands with identical		`termcapinfo', which is just a shorthand for a pair of `termcap' and `ter minfo' commands with identical
arguments.		arguments.
The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by this definition. You can specify		The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by this definition. You can specify
multiple terminal names by separating them with `|'s. Use `*' to match a ll terminals and `vt*' to match		multiple terminal names by separating them with `|'s. Use `*' to match a ll terminals and `vt*' to match
all terminals that begin with "vt".		all terminals that begin with vt.
Each tweak argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated by `:'s) to be inserted at the start		Each tweak argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated by `:'s) to be inserted at the start
of the appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or overriding existing val ues. The first tweak modifies		of the appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or overriding existing val ues. The first tweak modifies
your terminal's termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal u ses to perform certain functions.		your terminal's termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal u ses to perform certain functions.
Specify a null string to leave this unchanged (e.g. ''). The second (opt ional) tweak modifies all the		Specify a null string to leave this unchanged (e.g. ''). The second (opt ional) tweak modifies all the
window termcaps, and should contain definitions that screen understands (see the "VIRTUAL TERMINAL" sec-		window termcaps, and should contain definitions that screen understan ds (see the VIRTUAL TERMINAL sec-
tion).		tion).
Some examples:		Some examples:
termcap xterm* LP:hs@		termcap xterm* LP:hs@
Informs screen that all terminals that begin with `xterm' have firm auto- margins that allow the last posi-		Informs screen that all terminals that begin with `xterm' have firm auto- margins that allow the last posi-
tion on the screen to be updated (LP), but they don't really have a sta tus line (no 'hs' - append `@' to		tion on the screen to be updated (LP), but they don't really have a sta tus line (no 'hs' - append `@' to
turn entries off). Note that we assume `LP' for all terminal names that start with "vt", but only if you		turn entries off). Note that we assume `LP' for all terminal names that start with vt, but only if you
don't specify a termcap command for that terminal.		don't specify a termcap command for that terminal.
termcap vt* LP		termcap vt* LP
termcap vt102|vt220 Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l		termcap vt102|vt220 Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l
Specifies the firm-margined `LP' capability for all terminals that beg in with `vt', and the second line		Specifies the firm-margined `LP' capability for all terminals that beg in with `vt', and the second line
will also add the escape-sequences to switch into (Z0) and back out of (Z 1) 132-character-per-line mode if		will also add the escape-sequences to switch into (Z0) and back out of (Z 1) 132-character-per-line mode if
this is a VT102 or VT220. (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termc ap to use the width-changing com-		this is a VT102 or VT220. (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termc ap to use the width-changing com-
mands.)		mands.)
skipping to change at line 2207		skipping to change at line 2201
termcap h19|z19 am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO dc=\E[P		termcap h19|z19 am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO dc=\E[P
Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables t he insert mode (im) and end-		Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables t he insert mode (im) and end-
insert (ei) capabilities (the `@' in the `im' string is after the `=', so it is part of the string). Hav-		insert (ei) capabilities (the `@' in the `im' string is after the `=', so it is part of the string). Hav-
ing the `im' and `ei' definitions put into your terminal's termcap will cause screen to automatically		ing the `im' and `ei' definitions put into your terminal's termcap will cause screen to automatically
advertise the character-insert capability in each window's termcap. Each window will also get the delete-		advertise the character-insert capability in each window's termcap. Each window will also get the delete-
character capability (dc) added to its termcap, which screen will transla te into a line-update for the		character capability (dc) added to its termcap, which screen will transla te into a line-update for the
terminal (we're pretending it doesn't support character deletion).		terminal (we're pretending it doesn't support character deletion).
If you would like to fully specify each window's termcap entry, you should instead set the $SCREENCAP		If you would like to fully specify each window's termcap entry, you should instead set the $SCREENCAP
variable prior to running screen. See the discussion on the "VIRTUAL TER MINAL" in this manual, and the		variable prior to running screen. See the discussion on the VIRTUAL TERM INAL in this manual, and the
termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions.		termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions.
time [string]		time [string]
Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name, and th e load averages over 1, 5, and 15		Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name, and th e load averages over 1, 5, and 15
minutes (if this is available on your system). For window specific infor mation, use "info".		minutes (if this is available on your system). For window specific infor mation, use info.
If a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like i		If a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like i
t is described in the "STRING		t is described in the STRING
ESCAPES" chapter. Screen uses a default of "%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?".		ESCAPES chapter. Screen uses a default of "%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?".
title [windowtitle]		title [windowtitle]
Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is specif ied, screen prompts for one. This		Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is specif ied, screen prompts for one. This
command was known as `aka' in previous releases.		command was known as `aka' in previous releases.
unbindall		unbindall
Unbind all the bindings. This can be useful when screen is used solely fo r its detaching abilities, such		Unbind all the bindings. This can be useful when screen is used solely fo r its detaching abilities, such
as when letting a console application run as a daemon. If, for some rea son, it is necessary to bind com-		as when letting a console application run as a daemon. If, for some rea son, it is necessary to bind com-
mands after this, use 'screen -X'.		mands after this, use 'screen -X'.
unsetenv var		unsetenv var
Unset an environment variable.		Unset an environment variable.
utf8 [on|off[on|off]]		utf8 [ on | off [ on | off ]]
Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the s trings sent to the window will be		Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the s trings sent to the window will be
UTF-8 encoded and vice versa. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting . If a second parameter is given,		UTF-8 encoded and vice versa. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting . If a second parameter is given,
the display's encoding is also changed (this should rather be done with s		the display's encoding is also changed (this should rather be done with s
creen's "-U" option). See also		creen's -U option). See also
"defutf8", which changes the default setting of a new window.		defutf8, which changes the default setting of a new window.
vbell [on|off]		vbell [ on | off ]
Sets the visual bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If vbell is		Sets the visual bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If vbell is
switched on, but your terminal does not support a visual bell, a `vbell-m essage' is displayed in the sta-		switched on, but your terminal does not support a visual bell, a `vbell-m essage' is displayed in the sta-
tus line when the bell character (^G) is received. Visual bell suppor t of a terminal is defined by the		tus line when the bell character (^G) is received. Visual bell suppor t of a terminal is defined by the
termcap variable `vb' (terminfo: 'flash').		termcap variable `vb' (terminfo: 'flash').
Per default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell is used. See also `bell _msg'.		Per default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell is used. See also `bell _msg'.
vbell_msg [message]		vbell_msg [message]
Sets the visual bell message. message is printed to the status line if th e window receives a bell charac-		Sets the visual bell message. message is printed to the status line if th e window receives a bell charac-
ter (^G), vbell is set to "on", but the terminal does not support a vis		ter (^G), vbell is set to on, but the terminal does not support a vis
ual bell. The default message is		ual bell. The default message is
"Wuff, Wuff!!". Without a parameter, the current message is shown.		Wuff, Wuff!!. Without a parameter, the current message is shown.
vbellwait sec		vbellwait sec
Define a delay in seconds after each display of screen's visual bell mess age. The default is 1 second.		Define a delay in seconds after each display of screen's visual bell mess age. The default is 1 second.
verbose [on|off]		verbose [ on | off ]
If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a window is created (or resurrected from		If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a window is created (or resurrected from
zombie state). Default is off. Without a parameter, the current setting is shown.		zombie state). Default is off. Without a parameter, the current setting is shown.
version		version
Print the current version and the compile date in the status line.		Print the current version and the compile date in the status line.
wall message		wall message
Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the terminal' s status line.		Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the terminal' s status line.
width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]		width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]
Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols col umns if an argument is specified.		Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols col umns if an argument is specified.
This requires a capable terminal and the termcap entries "Z0" and "Z1".		This requires a capable terminal and the termcap entries Z0 and Z1. See
See the "termcap" command for		the termcap command for more
more information. You can also specify a new height if you want to c		information. You can also specify a new height if you want to change
hange both values. The -w option		both values. The -w option tells
tells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window		screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window size,
size, -d vice versa.		-d vice versa.
d vice versa.		windowlist [ -b ] [ -m ] [ -g ]
windowlist [-b] [-m] [-g]
windowlist string [string]		windowlist string [string]
windowlist title [title]		windowlist title [title]
Display all windows in a table for visual window selection. If screen wa s in a window group, screen will		Display all windows in a table for visual window selection. If screen wa s in a window group, screen will
back out of the group and then display the windows in that group. If th e -b option is given, screen will		back out of the group and then display the windows in that group. If th e -b option is given, screen will
switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so that the curren t window is also selectable. The		switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so that the curren t window is also selectable. The
-m option changes the order of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses its internal		-m option changes the order of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses its internal
most-recently-used list. The -g option will show the windows inside any groups in that level and down-		most-recently-used list. The -g option will show the windows inside any groups in that level and down-
wards.		wards.
The following keys are used to navigate in "windowlist":		The following keys are used to navigate in windowlist:
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
k, C-p, or up Move up one line.		k, C-p, or up Move up one line.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
j, C-n, or down Move down one line.		j, C-n, or down Move down one line.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-g or escape Exit windowlist.		C-g or escape Exit windowlist.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-a or home Move to the first line.		C-a or home Move to the first line.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-e or end Move to the last line.		C-e or end Move to the last line.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.		C-u or C-d Move one half page up or down.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.		C-b or C-f Move one full page up or down.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
0..9 Using the number keys, move to the selected line.		0..9 Using the number keys, move to the selected line.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when "mouse-		mouseclick Move to the selected line. Available when mouse-
track" is set to "on"		track is set to on
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
/ Search.		/ Search.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
n Repeat search in the forward direction.		n Repeat search in the forward direction.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
N Repeat search in the backward direction.		N Repeat search in the backward direction.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
m Toggle MRU.		m Toggle MRU.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
g Toggle group nesting.		g Toggle group nesting.
skipping to change at line 2338		skipping to change at line 2333
, Switch numbers with the previous window.		, Switch numbers with the previous window.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
. Switch numbers with the next window.		. Switch numbers with the next window.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
K Kill that window.		K Kill that window.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
space or enter Select that window.		space or enter Select that window.
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────		─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
The table format can be changed with the string and title option, the tit le is displayed as table heading,		The table format can be changed with the string and title option, the tit le is displayed as table heading,
while the lines are made by using the string setting. The default set		while the lines are made by using the string setting. The default setting
ting is "Num Name%=Flags" for the		is Num Name%=Flags for the title
title and "%3n %t%=%f" for the lines. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter f		and %3n %t%=%f for the lines. See the STRING ESCAPES chapter for more co
or more codes (e.g. color set-		des (e.g. color settings).
tings).
"Windowlist" needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 6 cha racters high in order to display.		Windowlist needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 6 chara cters high in order to display.
windows [ string ]		windows [ string ]
Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows. Each window is listed by number with the name		Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows. Each window is listed by number with the name
of process that has been started in the window (or its title); the curren		of process that has been started in the window (or its title); the cur
t window is marked with a `*';		rent window is marked with a `*';
the previous window is marked with a `-'; all the windows that are "lo		the previous window is marked with a `-'; all the windows that are logged
gged in" are marked with a `$'; a		in are marked with a `$'; a
background window that has received a bell is marked with a `!'; a backgr		background window that has received a bell is marked with a `!'; a back
ound window that is being moni-		ground window that is being moni-
tored and has had activity occur is marked with an `@'; a window whic		tored and has had activity occur is marked with an `@'; a window which ha
h has output logging turned on is		s output logging turned on is
marked with `(L)'; windows occupied by other users are marked with `&'; w		marked with `(L)'; windows occupied by other users are marked with `&'
indows in the zombie state are		; windows in the zombie state are
marked with `Z'. If this list is too long to fit on the terminal's st		marked with `Z'. If this list is too long to fit on the terminal's statu
atus line only the portion around		s line only the portion around
the current window is displayed. The optional string parameter follows t		the current window is displayed. The optional string parameter follo
he "STRING ESCAPES" format. If		ws the STRING ESCAPES format. If
string parameter is passed, the output size is unlimited. The default		string parameter is passed, the output size is unlimited. The default co
command without any parameter is		mmand without any parameter is
limited to a size of 1024 bytes.		limited to a size of 1024 bytes.
wrap [on|off]		wrap [ on | off ]
Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window. When line-wrap is on, the second consecutive printable		Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window. When line-wrap is on, the second consecutive printable
character output at the last column of a line will wrap to the start of		character output at the last column of a line will wrap to the start of t
the following line. As an added		he following line. As an added
feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to the pre		feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to the
vious line. Default is `on'.		previous line. Default is `on'.
Without any options, the state of wrap is toggled.		Without any options, the state of wrap is toggled.
writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]		writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]
Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file, or the		Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file, or the pu
public accessible screen-exchange		blic accessible screen-exchange
file if no filename is given. This is thought of as a primitive means o		file if no filename is given. This is thought of as a primitive mean
f communication between screen		s of communication between screen
users on the same host. If an encoding is specified the paste buffer i		users on the same host. If an encoding is specified the paste buffer is r
s recoded on the fly to match the		ecoded on the fly to match the
encoding. The filename can be set with the bufferfile command and defaul		encoding. The filename can be set with the bufferfile command and defaul
ts to "/tmp/screen-exchange".		ts to /tmp/screen-exchange.
writelock [on|off|auto]		writelock [ on | off | auto]
In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to write t o the same window at once. Per		In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to writ e to the same window at once. Per
default, writelock is in `auto' mode and grants exclusive input permissio n to the user who is the first to		default, writelock is in `auto' mode and grants exclusive input permissio n to the user who is the first to
switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users m ay obtain the writelock (automat-		switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users m ay obtain the writelock (automat-
ically). The writelock of the current window is disabled by the com		ically). The writelock of the current window is disabled by the command w
mand "writelock off". If the user		ritelock off. If the user issues
issues the command "writelock on" he keeps the exclusive write permission		the command writelock on he keeps the exclusive write permission while sw
while switching to other win-		itching to other windows.
dows.
xoff		xoff
xon		xon
Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue of the current wind ow.		Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue of the current wind ow.
zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]		zmodem [ off | auto | catch | pass ]
zmodem sendcmd [string]		zmodem sendcmd [string]
zmodem recvcmd [string]		zmodem recvcmd [string]
Define zmodem support for screen. Screen understands two different modes when it detects a zmodem request:		Define zmodem support for screen. Screen understands two different modes when it detects a zmodem request:
"pass" and "catch". If the mode is set to "pass", screen will relay all		pass and catch. If the mode is set to pass, screen will relay all data t
data to the attacher until the		o the attacher until the end of
end of the transmission is reached. In "catch" mode screen acts as a zm		the transmission is reached. In catch mode screen acts as a zmodem endp
odem endpoint and starts the cor-		oint and starts the corresponding
responding rz/sz commands. If the mode is set to "auto", screen will use		rz/sz commands. If the mode is set to auto, screen will use catch if the
"catch" if the window is a tty		window is a tty (e.g. a serial
(e.g. a serial line), otherwise it will use "pass".		line), otherwise it will use pass.
You can define the templates screen uses in "catch" mode via the second a nd the third form.		You can define the templates screen uses in catch mode via the second and the third form.
Note also that this is an experimental feature.		Note also that this is an experimental feature.
zombie [keys[onerror]]		zombie [keys[onerror]]
Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell)		Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell)
exits. When a string of two keys is specified to the zombie command, `dea d' windows will remain in the		exits. When a string of two keys is specified to the zombie command, `dea d' windows will remain in the
list. The kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing the first key in the dead window has		list. The kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing the first key in the dead window has
the same effect. When pressing the second key, screen will attempt to res urrect the window. The process		the same effect. When pressing the second key, screen will attempt to res urrect the window. The process
that was initially running in the window will be launched again. Calli ng zombie without parameters will		that was initially running in the window will be launched again. Calli ng zombie without parameters will
clear the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when their proces s exits.		clear the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when their proces s exits.
As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally for all windows, this comma nd should probably be called def-		As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally for all windows, this comma nd should probably be called def-
zombie, but it isn't.		zombie, but it isn't.
Optionally you can put the word "onerror" after the keys. This will cause screen to monitor exit status of		Optionally you can put the word onerror after the keys. This will cause screen to monitor exit status of
the process running in the window. If it exits normally ('0'), the window disappears. Any other exit value		the process running in the window. If it exits normally ('0'), the window disappears. Any other exit value
causes the window to become a zombie.		causes the window to become a zombie.
zombie_timeout[seconds]		zombie_timeout[seconds]
Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell)		Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell)
exits. If zombie keys are defined (compare with above zombie command), it is possible to also set a time-		exits. If zombie keys are defined (compare with above zombie command), it is possible to also set a time-
out when screen tries to automatically reconnect a dead screen window.		out when screen tries to automatically reconnect a dead screen window.
THE MESSAGE LINE		THE MESSAGE LINE
skipping to change at line 2441		skipping to change at line 2434
The message line facility can be used by an application running in the cu rrent window by means of the ANSI		The message line facility can be used by an application running in the cu rrent window by means of the ANSI
Privacy message control sequence. For instance, from within the shell, t ry something like:		Privacy message control sequence. For instance, from within the shell, t ry something like:
echo '<esc>^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'<esc>\\'		echo '<esc>^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'<esc>\\'
where '<esc>' is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and '\\' turns int o a single backslash.		where '<esc>' is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and '\\' turns int o a single backslash.
WINDOW TYPES		WINDOW TYPES
Screen provides three different window types. New windows are created with screen's screen command (see		Screen provides three different window types. New windows are created with screen's screen command (see
also the entry in chapter "CUSTOMIZATION"). The first parameter to the sc		also the entry in chapter CUSTOMIZATION). The first parameter to the scre
reen command defines which type		en command defines which type of
of window is created. The different window types are all special cases o		window is created. The different window types are all special cases o
f the normal type. They have been		f the normal type. They have been
added in order to allow screen to be used efficiently as a console multip lexer with 100 or more windows.		added in order to allow screen to be used efficiently as a console multip lexer with 100 or more windows.
· The normal window contains a shell (default, if no parameter is given) or any other system command that		· The normal window contains a shell (default, if no parameter is given) or any other system command that
could be executed from a shell (e.g. slogin, etc...)		could be executed from a shell (e.g. slogin, etc...)
· If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. "/dev/ttya") is speci		· If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. /dev/ttya) is specified
fied as the first parameter, then		as the first parameter, then the
the window is directly connected to this device. This window type		window is directly connected to this device. This window type is simi
is similar to "screen cu -l		lar to screen cu -l /dev/ttya.
/dev/ttya". Read and write access is required on the device node,		Read and write access is required on the device node, an exclusive
an exclusive open is attempted on		open is attempted on the node to
the node to mark the connection line as busy. An optional parameter i		mark the connection line as busy. An optional parameter is allowed co
s allowed consisting of a comma		nsisting of a comma separated
separated list of flags in the notation used by stty(1):		list of flags in the notation used by stty(1):
<baud_rate>		<baud_rate>
Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed.		Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed.
cs8 or cs7		cs8 or cs7
Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.		Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.
ixon or -ixon		ixon or -ixon
Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q) for sending data.		Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q) for sending data.
skipping to change at line 2488		skipping to change at line 2481
ally shown low.		ally shown low.
When the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals is placed inside curly braces ({ and		When the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals is placed inside curly braces ({ and
}). When the CRTSCTS or TIOCSOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in parenthesis,		}). When the CRTSCTS or TIOCSOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in parenthesis,
respectively.		respectively.
For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line ( TxD) to go low for a specified		For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line ( TxD) to go low for a specified
period of time. This is expected to be interpreted as break signal on the other side. No data is sent		period of time. This is expected to be interpreted as break signal on the other side. No data is sent
and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.		and no modem control line is changed when a break is issued.
· If the first parameter is "//telnet", the second parameter is expected		· If the first parameter is //telnet, the second parameter is expected t
to be a host name, and an		o be a host name, and an optional
optional third parameter may specify a TCP port number (default decim		third parameter may specify a TCP port number (default decimal 23).
al 23). Screen will connect to a		Screen will connect to a server
server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to com		listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communicat
municate with that server.		e with that server.
For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection i n square brackets ([ and ]) at		For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection i n square brackets ([ and ]) at
the end of the status line.		the end of the status line.
b BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.		b BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.
e ECHO. Local echo is disabled.		e ECHO. Local echo is disabled.
c SGA. The connection is in `character mode' (default: `line mode').		c SGA. The connection is in `character mode' (default: `line mode').
t TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the re mote host. Screen sends the name		t TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the re mote host. Screen sends the name
"screen" unless instructed otherwise (see also the command `term').		screen unless instructed otherwise (see also the command `t erm').
w NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes .		w NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes .
f LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information. (Ignored at the moment.)		f LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information. (Ignored at the moment.)
Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED an d NEWENV).		Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED an d NEWENV).
For telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC BR EAK (decimal 243) to the remote		For telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC BR EAK (decimal 243) to the remote
host.		host.
skipping to change at line 2526		skipping to change at line 2519
Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the c urrent time into messages or file		Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the c urrent time into messages or file
names. The escape character is '%' with one exception: inside of a window 's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used		names. The escape character is '%' with one exception: inside of a window 's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used
instead.		instead.
Here is the full list of supported escapes:		Here is the full list of supported escapes:
% the escape character itself		% the escape character itself
E sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.		E sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.
f flags of the window, see "windows" for meanings of the various fla		e encoding
gs
		f flags of the window, see windows for meanings of the various flags
F sets %? to true if the window has the focus		F sets %? to true if the window has the focus
h hardstatus of the window		h hardstatus of the window
H hostname of the system		H hostname of the system
n window number		n window number
P sets %? to true if the current region is in copy/paste mode		P sets %? to true if the current region is in copy/paste mode
skipping to change at line 2573		skipping to change at line 2568
or to pad relative to the right margin by using '-'. The padding t runcates the string if the speci-		or to pad relative to the right margin by using '-'. The padding t runcates the string if the speci-
fied position lies before the current position. Add the 'L' qualif ier to change this.		fied position lies before the current position. Add the 'L' qualif ier to change this.
< same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces		< same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces
> mark the current text position for the next truncation. When screen needs to do truncation, it		> mark the current text position for the next truncation. When screen needs to do truncation, it
tries to do it in a way that the marked position gets moved to the specified percentage of the out-		tries to do it in a way that the marked position gets moved to the specified percentage of the out-
put area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends with the position specified		put area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends with the position specified
by the truncation operator.) The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mar k the truncated parts with '...'.		by the truncation operator.) The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mar k the truncated parts with '...'.
{ attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next "}"		{ attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next }
` Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command. The length qua lifier is misused to identify one		` Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command. The length qua lifier is misused to identify one
of the commands.		of the commands.
The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make screen use ze ro instead of space as fill char-		The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make screen use ze ro instead of space as fill char-
acter. The '0' qualifier also makes the '=' escape use absolute positions . The 'n' and '=' escapes under-		acter. The '0' qualifier also makes the '=' escape use absolute positions . The 'n' and '=' escapes under-
stand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed wit h 'L' to generate long names, 'w'		stand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed wit h 'L' to generate long names, 'w'
and 'W' also show the window flags if 'L' is given.		and 'W' also show the window flags if 'L' is given.
An attribute/color modifier is used to change the attributes or the color settings. Its format is		An attribute/color modifier is used to change the attributes or the color settings. Its format is
"[attribute modifier] [color description]". The attribute modifier must b		[attribute modifier] [color description]. The attribute modifier must be
e prefixed by a change type indi-		prefixed by a change type indica-
cator if it can be confused with a color description. The following chang		tor if it can be confused with a color description. The following change
e types are known:		types are known:
+ add the specified set to the current attributes		+ add the specified set to the current attributes
- remove the set from the current attributes		- remove the set from the current attributes
! invert the set in the current attributes		! invert the set in the current attributes
= change the current attributes to the specified set		= change the current attributes to the specified set
The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a co mbination of the following let-		The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a co mbination of the following let-
ters:		ters:
d dim		d dim
u underline		u underline
b bold		b bold
r reverse		r reverse
s standout		s /standout
B blinking		B blinking
Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specifying the desired background and fore-		Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specifying the desired background and fore-
ground color (in that order). The following colors are known:		ground color (in that order). The following colors are known:
k black		k black
r red		r red
g green		g green
y yellow		y yellow
b blue		b blue
m magenta		m magenta
c cyan		c cyan
w white		w white
d default color		d default color
. leave color unchanged		. leave color unchanged
The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright colors. You can als o use the pseudo-color 'i' to set		The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright colors. You can als o use the pseudo-color 'i' to set
just the brightness and leave the color unchanged.		just the brightness and leave the color unchanged.
A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or backgrou nd color dependent on the current		A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or backgrou nd color dependent on the current
attributes: if reverse mode is set, the background color is changed inste ad of the foreground color. If		attributes: if reverse mode is set, the background color is changed inste ad of the foreground color. If
you don't like this, prefix the color with a ".". If you want the s		you don't like this, prefix the color with a .. If you want the s
ame behavior for two-letter color		ame behavior for two-letter color
descriptions, also prefix them with a ".".		descriptions, also prefix them with a ..
As a special case, "%{-}" restores the attributes and colors that were se		As a special case, %{-} restores the attributes and colors that were set
t before the last change was made		before the last change was made
(i.e., pops one level of the color-change stack).		(i.e., pops one level of the color-change stack).
Examples:		Examples:
"G" set color to bright green		G set color to bright green
"+b r" use bold red		+b r use bold red
"= yd" clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.		= yd clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.
%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<		%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<
The available windows centered at the current window and truncated to the available width. The cur-		The available windows centered at the current window and truncated to the available width. The cur-
rent window is displayed white on blue. This can be used with "ha rdstatus alwayslastline".		rent window is displayed white on blue. This can be used with har dstatus alwayslastline.
%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?		%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?
The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one is set. Also use a red background		The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one is set. Also use a red background
if this is the active focus. Useful for "caption string".		if this is the active focus. Useful for caption string.
FLOW-CONTROL		FLOW-CONTROL
Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals with the XON and XOFF characters		Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals with the XON and XOFF characters
(and perhaps the interrupt character). When flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF		(and perhaps the interrupt character). When flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF
characters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful for		characters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful for
the emacs editor, for instance). The trade-off is that it will take long		the emacs editor, for instance). The trade-off is that it will take long
er for output from a "normal"		er for output from a normal pro-
program to pause in response to an XOFF. With flow-control turned on, XO		gram to pause in response to an XOFF. With flow-control turned on, XO
N and XOFF characters are used to		N and XOFF characters are used to
immediately pause the output of the current window. You can still send t hese characters to the current		immediately pause the output of the current window. You can still send t hese characters to the current
program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands		program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands
(typically "C-a q" (xon) and "C-a		(typically C-a q (xon) and C-a s
s" (xoff)). The xon/xoff commands are also useful for typing C-s and C-q		(xoff)). The xon/xoff commands are also useful for typing C-s and C-q pa
past a terminal that intercepts		st a terminal that intercepts
these characters.		these characters.
Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the -f		Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the -f opt
option or the "defflow" .screenrc		ion or the defflow .screenrc com-
command. Per default the windows are set to automatic flow-switching. It		mand. Per default the windows are set to automatic flow-switching. It ca
can then be toggled between the		n then be toggled between the
three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with		three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with t
the "flow" command bound to "C-a		he flow command bound to "C-a f".
f".
The automatic flow-switching mode deals with flow control using the TIOCP KT mode (like "rlogin" does). If		The automatic flow-switching mode deals with flow control using the TI OCPKT mode (like rlogin does). If
the tty driver does not support TIOCPKT, screen tries to find out the rig ht mode based on the current set-		the tty driver does not support TIOCPKT, screen tries to find out the rig ht mode based on the current set-
ting of the application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is tu rned off and visa versa. Of		ting of the application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is turned off and visa versa. Of
course, you can still manipulate flow-control manually when needed.		course, you can still manipulate flow-control manually when needed.
If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the		If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the in
interrupt key (usually C-c) does		terrupt key (usually C-c) does
not interrupt the display until another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try r		not interrupt the display until another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try
unning screen with the "inter-		running screen with the interrupt
rupt" option (add the "interrupt" flag to the "flow" command in your .scr		option (add the interrupt flag to the flow command in your .screenrc, or
eenrc, or use the -i command-line		use the -i command-line option).
option). This causes the output that screen has accumulated from the int		This causes the output that screen has accumulated from the interrupted p
errupted program to be flushed.		rogram to be flushed. One disad-
One disadvantage is that the virtual terminal's memory contains the n		vantage is that the virtual terminal's memory contains the non-flushed ve
on-flushed version of the output,		rsion of the output, which in
which in rare cases can cause minor inaccuracies in the output. For exam		rare cases can cause minor inaccuracies in the output. For example, if
ple, if you switch screens and		you switch screens and return, or
return, or update the screen with "C-a l" you would see the version of		update the screen with C-a l you would see the version of the output you
the output you would have gotten		would have gotten without inter-
without "interrupt" being on. Also, you might need to turn off flow-cont		rupt being on. Also, you might need to turn off flow-control (or use au
rol (or use auto-flow mode to		to-flow mode to turn it off auto-
turn it off automatically) when running a program that expects you t		matically) when running a program that expects you to type the interrupt
o type the interrupt character as		character as input, as it is pos-
input, as it is possible to interrupt the output of the virtual terminal		sible to interrupt the output of the virtual terminal to your physi
to your physical terminal when		cal terminal when flow-control is
flow-control is enabled. If this happens, a simple refresh of the scr		enabled. If this happens, a simple refresh of the screen with C-a l will
een with "C-a l" will restore it.		restore it. Give each mode a
Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode you find more comfortable.		try, and use whichever mode you find more comfortable.
TITLES (naming windows)		TITLES (naming windows)
You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed with t		You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed wit
he "windows" command (C-a w)) by		h the windows command (C-a w)) by
setting it with one of the title commands. Normally the name displayed		setting it with one of the title commands. Normally the name displayed i
is the actual command name of the		s the actual command name of the
program created in the window. However, it is sometimes useful to distin		program created in the window. However, it is sometimes useful to di
guish various programs of the		stinguish various programs of the
same name or to change the name on-the-fly to reflect the current state o f the window.		same name or to change the name on-the-fly to reflect the current state o f the window.
The default name for all shell windows can be set with the "shelltitl		The default name for all shell windows can be set with the shelltitle com
e" command in the .screenrc file,		mand in the .screenrc file, while
while all other windows are created with a "screen" command and thus can		all other windows are created with a screen command and thus can have t
have their name set with the -t		heir name set with the -t option.
option. Interactively, there is the title-string escape-sequence (<esc>		Interactively, there is the title-string escape-sequence (<esc>kname<esc>
kname<esc>\) and the "title" com-		\) and the title command (C-a A).
mand (C-a A). The former can be output from an application to control th		The former can be output from an application to control the window's nam
e window's name under software		e under software control, and the
control, and the latter will prompt for a name when typed. You can al		latter will prompt for a name when typed. You can also bind pre-defined
so bind pre-defined names to keys		names to keys with the title com-
with the "title" command to set things quickly without prompting. Changin		mand to set things quickly without prompting. Changing title by this esc
g title by this escape sequence		ape sequence can be controlled by
can be controlled by defdynamictitle and dynamictitle commands.		defdynamictitle and dynamictitle commands.
Finally, screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled b		Finally, screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled by setting
y setting the window's name to		the window's name to search|name
"search|name" and arranging to have a null title escape-sequence output a		and arranging to have a null title escape-sequence output as a part of
s a part of your prompt. The		your prompt. The search portion
search portion specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the n		specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the name portion specifie
ame portion specifies the default		s the default shell name for the
shell name for the window. If the name ends in a `:' screen will add wha		window. If the name ends in a `:' screen will add what it believes to
t it believes to be the current		be the current command running in
command running in the window to the end of the window's shell name (e.g.		the window to the end of the window's shell name (e.g. name:cmd). Other
"name:cmd"). Otherwise the cur-		wise the current command name
rent command name supersedes the shell name while it is running.		supersedes the shell name while it is running.
Here's how it works: you must modify your shell prompt to outpu		Here's how it works: you must modify your shell prompt to out
t a null title-escape-sequence		put a null title-escape-sequence
(<esc>k<esc>\) as a part of your prompt. The last part of your prompt m		(<esc>k<esc>\) as a part of your prompt. The last part of your prompt mu
ust be the same as the string you		st be the same as the string you
specified for the search portion of the title. Once this is set up, scre		specified for the search portion of the title. Once this is set up,
en will use the title-escape-		screen will use the title-escape-
sequence to clear the previous command name and get ready for the next		sequence to clear the previous command name and get ready for the next co
command. Then, when a newline is		mmand. Then, when a newline is
received from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt. If		received from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt.
found, it will grab the first		If found, it will grab the first
word after the matched string and use it as the command name. If the com mand name begins with either '!',		word after the matched string and use it as the command name. If the com mand name begins with either '!',
'%', or '^' screen will use the first word on the following line (if foun		'%', or '^' screen will use the first word on the following line (if
d) in preference to the just-		found) in preference to the just-
found name. This helps csh users get better command names when using j		found name. This helps csh users get better command names when using job
ob control or history recall com-		control or history recall com-
mands.		mands.
Here's some .screenrc examples:		Here's some .screenrc examples:
screen -t top 2 nice top		screen -t top 2 nice top
Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the "t		Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the
op" command in window 2 named		top command in window 2 named top
"top" rather than "nice".		rather than nice.
shelltitle '> |csh'		shelltitle '> |csh'
screen 1		screen 1
These commands would start a shell with the given shelltitle. The titl e specified is an auto-title that		These commands would start a shell with the given shelltitle. The title specified is an auto-title that
would expect the prompt and the typed command to look something like the following:		would expect the prompt and the typed command to look something like the following:
/usr/joe/src/dir> trn		/usr/joe/src/dir> trn
(it looks after the '> ' for the command name). The window status would		(it looks after the '> ' for the command name). The window status would
show the name "trn" while the		show the name trn while the com-
command was running, and revert to "csh" upon completion.		mand was running, and revert to csh upon completion.
bind R screen -t '% |root:' su		bind R screen -t '% |root:' su
Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence "C-a R		Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence C-a R t
" to the "su" command and give it		o the su command and give it an
an auto-title name of "root:". For this auto-title to work, the screen c		auto-title name of root:. For this auto-title to work, the screen could
ould look something like this:		look something like this:
% !em		% !em
emacs file.c		emacs file.c
Here the user typed the csh history command "!em" which ran the previousl		Here the user typed the csh history command !em which ran the previously
y entered "emacs" command. The		entered emacs command. The win-
window status would show "root:emacs" during the execution of the command		dow status would show root:emacs during the execution of the command, and
, and revert to simply "root:" at		revert to simply root: at its
its completion.		completion.
bind o title		bind o title
bind E title ""		bind E title ""
bind u title (unknown)		bind u title (unknown)
The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it would prompt you for		The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it would prompt you for
a title when you type "C-a o".		a title when you type C-a o. The
The second binding would clear an auto-title's current setting (C-a E).		second binding would clear an auto-title's current setting (C-a E). The
The third binding would set the		third binding would set the cur-
current window's title to "(unknown)" (C-a u).		rent window's title to (unknown) (C-a u).
One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to you		One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence t
r prompt is that some shells		o your prompt is that some shells
(like the csh) count all the non-control characters as part of the pro		(like the csh) count all the non-control characters as part of the prompt
mpt's length. If these invisible		's length. If these invisible
characters aren't a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will result		characters aren't a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will res
in an incorrect display. One		ult in an incorrect display. One
way to get around this is to use a prompt like this:		way to get around this is to use a prompt like this:
set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '		set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '
The escape-sequence "<esc>[0000m" not only normalizes the character at		The escape-sequence <esc>[0000m not only normalizes the character attribu
tributes, but all the zeros round		tes, but all the zeros round the
the length of the invisible characters up to 8. Bash users will probably		length of the invisible characters up to 8. Bash users will probably wa
want to echo the escape sequence		nt to echo the escape sequence in
in the PROMPT_COMMAND:		the PROMPT_COMMAND:
PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k\033\134"'		PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k\033\134"'
(I used "\134" to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04).		(I used \134 to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04).
THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL		THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL
Each window in a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some extr a functions added. The VT100 emu-		Each window in a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some extr a functions added. The VT100 emu-
lator is hard-coded, no other terminal types can be emulated.		lator is hard-coded, no other terminal types can be emulated.
Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as pos sible. But if your terminal lacks		Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as pos sible. But if your terminal lacks
certain capabilities, the emulation may not be complete. In these case		certain capabilities, the emulation may not be complete. In these cases s
s screen has to tell the applica-		creen has to tell the applica-
tions that some of the features are missing. This is no problem on machin		tions that some of the features are missing. This is no problem on machi
es using termcap, because screen		nes using termcap, because screen
can use the $TERMCAP variable to customize the standard screen termcap.		can use the $TERMCAP variable to customize the standard screen termcap.
But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only terminfo this method fails.		But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports onl y terminfo this method fails.
Because of this, screen offers a way to deal with these cases. Here is h ow it works:		Because of this, screen offers a way to deal with these cases. Here is h ow it works:
When screen tries to figure out a terminal name for itself, it fi		When screen tries to figure out a terminal name for itself, it
rst looks for an entry named		first looks for an entry named
"screen.<term>", where <term> is the contents of your $TERM variable.		screen.<term>, where <term> is the contents of your $TERM variable. If n
If no such entry exists, screen		o such entry exists, screen tries
tries "screen" (or "screen-w" if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more))		screen (or screen-w if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)). If
. If even this entry cannot be		even this entry cannot be found,
found, "vt100" is used as a substitute.		vt100 is used as a substitute.
The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an impor		The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an importan
tant feature (e.g. delete char or		t feature (e.g. delete char or
clear to EOS) you can build a new termcap/terminfo entry for screen (name		clear to EOS) you can build a new termcap/terminfo entry for screen (
d "screen.<dumbterm>") in which		named screen.<dumbterm>) in which
this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your mac hines you are able to do a rlogin		this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your mac hines you are able to do a rlogin
and still keep the correct termcap/terminfo entry. The terminal name is		and still keep the correct termcap/terminfo entry. The terminal name is
put in the $TERM variable of all		put in the $TERM variable of all
new windows. Screen also sets the $TERMCAP variable reflecting the cap		new windows. Screen also sets the $TERMCAP variable reflecting the capab
abilities of the virtual terminal		ilities of the virtual terminal
emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using the terminfo database t his variable has no effect. Fur-		emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using the terminfo database t his variable has no effect. Fur-
thermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each window .		thermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each window .
The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual terminal depends		The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual terminal depends
on the capabilities supported by		on the capabilities supported by
the physical terminal. If, for instance, the physical terminal does not		the physical terminal. If, for instance, the physical terminal does no
support underscore mode, screen		t support underscore mode, screen
does not put the `us' and `ue' capabilities into the window's $TERMCAP v		does not put the `us' and `ue' capabilities into the window's $TERMCAP va
ariable, accordingly. However, a		riable, accordingly. However, a
minimum number of capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order t		minimum number of capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order
o run screen; namely scrolling,		to run screen; namely scrolling,
clear screen, and direct cursor addressing (in addition, screen does no		clear screen, and direct cursor addressing (in addition, screen does not
t run on hardcopy terminals or on		run on hardcopy terminals or on
terminals that over-strike).		terminals that over-strike).
Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the "t		Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the
ermcap" .screenrc command, or by		termcap .screenrc command, or by
defining the variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup. When the latter is		defining the variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup. When the latter is de
defined, its value will be copied		fined, its value will be copied
verbatim into each window's $TERMCAP variable. This can either be the f		verbatim into each window's $TERMCAP variable. This can either be t
ull terminal definition, or a		he full terminal definition, or a
filename where the terminal "screen" (and/or "screen-w") is defined.		filename where the terminal screen (and/or screen-w) is defined.
Note that screen honors the "terminfo" .screenrc command if the system uses the terminfo database rather		Note that screen honors the terminfo .screenrc command if the system uses the terminfo database rather
than termcap.		than termcap.
When the boolean `G0' capability is present in the termcap entry for the terminal on which screen has been		When the boolean `G0' capability is present in the termcap entry for the terminal on which screen has been
called, the terminal emulation of screen supports multiple character set		called, the terminal emulation of screen supports multiple character sets
s. This allows an application to		. This allows an application to
make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national		make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or nation
character sets. The following		al character sets. The following
control functions from ISO 2022 are supported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock s hift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock		control functions from ISO 2022 are supported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock s hift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock
shift G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3. When a virtual terminal		shift G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3. When a virtual termin
is created or reset, the ASCII		al is created or reset, the ASCII
character set is designated as G0 through G3. When the `G0' capability		character set is designated as G0 through G3. When the `G0' capability i
is present, screen evaluates the		s present, screen evaluates the
capabilities `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence the te		capabilities `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence the
rminal uses to enable and start		terminal uses to enable and start
the graphics character set rather than SI. `E0' is the corresponding		the graphics character set rather than SI. `E0' is the corresponding rep
replacement for SO. `C0' gives a		lacement for SO. `C0' gives a
character by character translation string that is used during semi-graphi		character by character translation string that is used during semi-gr
cs mode. This string is built		aphics mode. This string is built
like the `acsc' terminfo capability.		like the `acsc' terminfo capability.
When the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's termcap entry, applications running in a		When the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's termcap entry, applications running in a
screen window can send output to the printer port of the terminal. This allows a user to have an applica-		screen window can send output to the printer port of the terminal. This allows a user to have an applica-
tion in one window sending output to a printer connected to the term inal, while all other windows are		tion in one window sending output to a printer connected to the terminal, while all other windows are
still active (the printer port is enabled and disabled again for each chu nk of output). As a side-effect,		still active (the printer port is enabled and disabled again for each chu nk of output). As a side-effect,
programs running in different windows can send output to the printer		programs running in different windows can send output to the printer simu
simultaneously. Data sent to the		ltaneously. Data sent to the
printer is not displayed in the window. The info command displays a l		printer is not displayed in the window. The info command displays
ine starting `PRIN' while the		a line starting `PRIN' while the
printer is active.		printer is active.
Screen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets s		Screen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets sel
elected, the display's hardstatus		ected, the display's hardstatus
will be updated to match the window's hardstatus line. If the display has		will be updated to match the window's hardstatus line. If the display h
no hardstatus the line will be		as no hardstatus the line will be
displayed as a standard screen message. The hardstatus line can be chang ed with the ANSI Application Pro-		displayed as a standard screen message. The hardstatus line can be chang ed with the ANSI Application Pro-
gram Command (APC): "ESC_<string>ESC\". As a convenience for		gram Command (APC): ESC_<string>ESC\. As a convenience for xterm users th
xterm users the sequence		e sequence ESC]0..2;<string>^G is
"ESC]0..2;<string>^G" is also accepted.		also accepted.
Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of the virt		Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of the virtual
ual terminal if they can be effi-		terminal if they can be effi-
ciently implemented by the physical terminal. For instance, `dl' (delete		ciently implemented by the physical terminal. For instance, `dl' (
line) is only put into the		delete line) is only put into the
$TERMCAP variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself or		$TERMCAP variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself or s
scrolling regions. Note that this		crolling regions. Note that this
may provoke confusion, when the session is reattached on a different term		may provoke confusion, when the session is reattached on a different t
inal, as the value of $TERMCAP		erminal, as the value of $TERMCAP
cannot be modified by parent processes.		cannot be modified by parent processes.
The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default. Set t he altscreen .screenrc command to		The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default. Set the altscreen .screenrc command to
enable it.		enable it.
The following is a list of control sequences recognized by screen. "(V)"		The following is a list of control sequences recognized by screen. (V
and "(A)" indicate VT100-spe-		) and (A) indicate VT100-specific
cific and ANSI- or ISO-specific functions, respectively.		and ANSI- or ISO-specific functions, respectively.
ESC E Next Line		ESC E Next Line
ESC D Index		ESC D Index
ESC M Reverse Index		ESC M Reverse Index
ESC H Horizontal Tab Set		ESC H Horizontal Tab Set
ESC Z Send VT100 Identification String		ESC Z Send VT100 Identification String
skipping to change at line 2880		skipping to change at line 2874
ESC # 8 (V) Fill Screen with E's		ESC # 8 (V) Fill Screen with E's
ESC \ (A) String Terminator		ESC \ (A) String Terminator
ESC ^ (A) Privacy Message String (Message Line)		ESC ^ (A) Privacy Message String (Message Line)
ESC ! Global Message String (Message Line)		ESC ! Global Message String (Message Line)
ESC k A.k.a. Definition String		ESC k A.k.a. Definition String
ESC P (A) Device Control String. Outputs a string dire ctly to the host terminal without		ESC P (A) Device Control String. Outputs a string direc tly to the host terminal without
interpretation.		interpretation.
ESC _ (A) Application Program Command (Hardstatus)		ESC _ (A) Application Program Command (Hardstatus)
ESC ] 0 ; string ^G (A) Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm ti tle hack)		ESC ] 0 ; string ^G (A) Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm ti tle hack)
ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G (A) Execute screen command. This only works if mul		ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G (A) Execute screen command. This only works if mu
ti-user support is compiled into		lti-user support is compiled into
screen. The pseudo-user ":window:" is used		screen. The pseudo-user :window: is used to ch
to check the access control list.		eck the access control list. Use
Use "addacl :window: -rwx #?" to create a user		addacl :window: -rwx #? to create a user
with no rights and allow only		with no rights and allow only the
the needed commands.		needed commands.
Control-N (A) Lock Shift G1 (SO)		Control-N (A) Lock Shift G1 (SO)
Control-O (A) Lock Shift G0 (SI)		Control-O (A) Lock Shift G0 (SI)
ESC n (A) Lock Shift G2		ESC n (A) Lock Shift G2
ESC o (A) Lock Shift G3		ESC o (A) Lock Shift G3
ESC N (A) Single Shift G2		ESC N (A) Single Shift G2
skipping to change at line 3075		skipping to change at line 3069
ESC [ c Send VT100 Identification String		ESC [ c Send VT100 Identification String
ESC [ x Send Terminal Parameter Report		ESC [ x Send Terminal Parameter Report
ESC [ > c Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String		ESC [ > c Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String
ESC [ 6 n Send Cursor Position Report		ESC [ 6 n Send Cursor Position Report
INPUT TRANSLATION		INPUT TRANSLATION
In order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a se		In order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a sequenc
quence of characters in the input		e of characters in the input
stream was generated by a keypress on the user's keyboard and insert the		stream was generated by a keypress on the user's keyboard and insert
VT100 style escape sequence.		the VT100 style escape sequence.
Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to ma		Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to map
p arbitrary commands on arbitrary		arbitrary commands on arbitrary
sequences of characters. For standard VT100 emulation the command will al ways insert a string in the input		sequences of characters. For standard VT100 emulation the command will al ways insert a string in the input
buffer of the window (see also command stuff in the command table). Bec		buffer of the window (see also command stuff in the command table). Beca
ause the sequences generated by a		use the sequences generated by a
keypress can change after a reattach from a different terminal type, it i		keypress can change after a reattach from a different terminal type, i
s possible to bind commands to		t is possible to bind commands to
the termcap name of the keys. Screen will insert the correct binding aft er each reattach. See the bindkey		the termcap name of the keys. Screen will insert the correct binding aft er each reattach. See the bindkey
command for further details on the syntax and examples.		command for further details on the syntax and examples.
Here is the table of the default key bindings. The fourth is what command is executed if the keyboard is		Here is the table of the default key bindings. The fourth is what comma nd is executed if the keyboard is
switched into application mode.		switched into application mode.
┌────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────┬──────────┐		┌────────────────┬──────────────┬──────────┬──────────┐
│Key name │ Termcap name │ Command │ App mode │		│Key name │ Termcap name │ Command │ App mode │
├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤		├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
│Cursor up │ ku │ \033[A │ \033OA │		│Cursor up │ ku │ \033[A │ \033OA │
├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤		├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
│Cursor down │ kd │ \033[B │ \033OB │		│Cursor down │ kd │ \033[B │ \033OB │
├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤		├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
│Cursor right │ kr │ \033[C │ \033OC │		│Cursor right │ kr │ \033[C │ \033OC │
skipping to change at line 3174		skipping to change at line 3168
│Keypad = │ fq │ = │ \033OX │		│Keypad = │ fq │ = │ \033OX │
├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤		├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
│Keypad . │ f. │ . │ \033On │		│Keypad . │ f. │ . │ \033On │
├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤		├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
│Keypad , │ f, │ , │ \033Ol │		│Keypad , │ f, │ , │ \033Ol │
├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤		├────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
│Keypad enter │ fe │ \015 │ \033OM │		│Keypad enter │ fe │ \015 │ \033OM │
└────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────┴──────────┘		└────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────┴──────────┘
SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES		SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES
The following table describes all terminal capabilities that are recogn		The following table describes all terminal capabilities that are recogniz
ized by screen and are not in the		ed by screen and are not in the
termcap(5) manual. You can place these capabilities in your termcap entr		termcap(5) manual. You can place these capabilities in your termcap e
ies (in `/etc/termcap') or use		ntries (in `/etc/termcap') or use
them with the commands `termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in you		them with the commands `termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in your sc
r screenrc files. It is often not		reenrc files. It is often not
possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.		possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.
LP (bool) Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic margins'). Note tha t this capability is obsolete		LP (bool) Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic margins'). Note that this capability is obsolete
because screen uses the standard 'xn' instead.		because screen uses the standard 'xn' instead.
Z0 (str) Change width to 132 columns.		Z0 (str) Change width to 132 columns.
Z1 (str) Change width to 80 columns.		Z1 (str) Change width to 80 columns.
WS (str) Resize display. This capability has the desired width and height as arguments. SunView(tm)		WS (str) Resize display. This capability has the desired width and he ight as arguments. SunView(tm)
example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.		example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.
NF (bool) Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as 'flow		NF (bool) Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as 'flow
off'. The opposite of this capability is 'nx'.		off'. The opposite of this capability is 'nx'.
G0 (bool) Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.		G0 (bool) Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.
S0 (str) Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset. Default is '\E (%.'.		S0 (str) Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset. Default is '\E (%.'.
E0 (str) Switch charset 'G0' back to standard charset. Default is '\E (B'.		E0 (str) Switch charset 'G0' back to standard charset. Default is '\E (B'.
C0 (str) Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the ' ac' capability for more details.		C0 (str) Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the ' ac' capability for more details.
CS (str) Switch cursor-keys to application mode.		CS (str) Switch cursor-keys to application mode.
CE (str) Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.		CE (str) Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.
AN (bool) Turn on autonuke. See the 'autonuke' command for more detail s.		AN (bool) Turn on autonuke. See the 'autonuke' command for more detail s.
OL (num) Set the output buffer limit. See the 'obuflimit' command for more details.		OL (num) Set the output buffer limit. See the 'obuflimit' command for more details.
KJ (str) Set the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' command for valid encodings.		KJ (str) Set the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' command for valid encodings.
AF (str) Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform way. T his capability will almost always		AF (str) Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform way. Th is capability will almost always
be set to '\E[3%dm' ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo machines).		be set to '\E[3%dm' ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo machines).
AB (str) Same as 'AF', but change background color.		AB (str) Same as 'AF', but change background color.
AX (bool) Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color (\E[39m / \E[49 m).		AX (bool) Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color (\E[39m / \E[49 m).
XC (str) Describe a translation of characters to strings depending on the current font. More details		XC (str) Describe a translation of characters to strings depending on the current font. More details
follow in the next section.		follow in the next section.
XT (bool) Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tra cking).		XT (bool) Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tra cking).
C8 (bool) Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g. E term).		C8 (bool) Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g. E term).
TF (bool) Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by default).		TF (bool) Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by default).
CHARACTER TRANSLATION		CHARACTER TRANSLATION
Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary stri ngs depending on the current font		Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary stri ngs depending on the current font
and terminal type. Use this feature if you want to work with a commo		and terminal type. Use this feature if you want to work with a c
n standard character set (say		ommon standard character set (say
ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual characte		ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual character
rs over several national language		s over several national language
font pages.		font pages.
Syntax:		Syntax:
XC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}		XC=<charset-mapping>{,,<charset-mapping>}
<charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}		<charset-mapping> := <designator><template>{,<mapping>}
<mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg>		<mapping> := <char-to-be-mapped><template-arg>
The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.		The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.
A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font <designato r> ('B': Ascii, 'A': UK, 'K':		A <charset-mapping> tells screen how to map characters in font <desig nator> ('B': Ascii, 'A': UK, 'K':
German, etc.) to strings. Every <mapping> describes to what string a sin gle character will be translated.		German, etc.) to strings. Every <mapping> describes to what string a sin gle character will be translated.
A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have a lot in		A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes have a lot
common (for example strings to		in common (for example strings to
switch to and from another charset). Each occurrence of '%' in <template		switch to and from another charset). Each occurrence of '%' in <template>
> gets substituted with the <tem-		gets substituted with the <tem-
plate-arg> specified together with the character. If your strings are not		plate-arg> specified together with the character. If your strings are no
similar at all, then use '%' as		t similar at all, then use '%' as
a template and place the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting mechan		a template and place the full string in <template-arg>. A quoting mechani
ism was added to make it possible		sm was added to make it possible
to use a real '%'. The '\' character quotes the special characters '\', ' %', and ','.		to use a real '%'. The '\' character quotes the special characters '\', ' %', and ','.
Here is an example:		Here is an example:
termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'		termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'
This tells screen how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset 'B') upper case uml		This tells screen how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset 'B') upper case um
aut characters on a hp700 termi-		laut characters on a hp700 termi-
nal that has a German charset. '\304' gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B' and		nal that has a German charset. '\304' gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B' and
so on. Note that this line gets		so on. Note that this line gets
parsed *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, therefore		parsed *three* times before the internal lookup table is built, theref
a lot of quoting is needed to		ore a lot of quoting is needed to
create a single '\'.		create a single '\'.
Another extension was added to allow more emulation: If a mapping tra		Another extension was added to allow more emulation: If a mapping transla
nslates the unquoted '%' char, it		tes the unquoted '%' char, it
will be sent to the terminal whenever screen switches to the correspondin		will be sent to the terminal whenever screen switches to the correspond
g <designator>. In this special		ing <designator>. In this special
case the template is assumed to be just '%' because the charset switch se quence and the character mappings		case the template is assumed to be just '%' because the charset switch se quence and the character mappings
normally haven't much in common.		normally haven't much in common.
This example shows one use of the extension:		This example shows one use of the extension:
termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'		termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'
Here, a part of the German ('K') charset is emulated on an xterm. If scr een has to change to the 'K'		Here, a part of the German ('K') charset is emulated on an xterm. I f screen has to change to the 'K'
charset, '\E(B' will be sent to the terminal, i.e. the ASCII charset is u sed instead. The template is just		charset, '\E(B' will be sent to the terminal, i.e. the ASCII charset is u sed instead. The template is just
'%', so the mapping is straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326', and ']' to '\334'.		'%', so the mapping is straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326', and ']' to '\334'.
ENVIRONMENT		ENVIRONMENT
COLUMNS Number of columns on the terminal (overrides termcap entry ).		COLUMNS Number of columns on the terminal (overrides termcap entry ).
HOME Directory in which to look for .screenrc.		HOME Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
LINES Number of lines on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).		LINES Number of lines on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
LOCKPRG Screen lock program.		LOCKPRG Screen lock program.
NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.		NETHACKOPTIONS Turns on nethack option.
PATH Used for locating programs to run.		PATH Used for locating programs to run.
SCREENCAP For customizing a terminal's TERMCAP value.		SCREENCAP For customizing a terminal's TERMCAP value.
SCREENDIR Alternate socket directory.		SCREENDIR Alternate socket directory.
SCREENRC Alternate user screenrc file.		SCREENRC Alternate user screenrc file.
SHELL Default shell program for opening windows (default "/bin/s		SHELL Default shell program for opening windows (default /bin/sh
h"). See also "shell" .screenrc		). See also shell .screenrc com-
command.		mand.
STY Alternate socket name.		STY Alternate socket name.
SYSSCREENRC Alternate system screenrc file.		SYSSCREENRC Alternate system screenrc file.
TERM Terminal name.		TERM Terminal name.
TERMCAP Terminal description.		TERMCAP Terminal description.
WINDOW Window number of a window (at creation time).		WINDOW Window number of a window (at creation time).
FILES		FILES
.../screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc		.../screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc
.../screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc Examples in the screen distribution pa ckage for private and global ini-		.../screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc Examples in the screen distribution pac kage for private and global ini-
tialization files.		tialization files.
$SYSSCREENRC		$SYSSCREENRC
/usr/local/etc/screenrc screen initialization commands		/usr/local/etc/screenrc screen initialization commands
$SCREENRC		$SCREENRC
$HOME/.screenrc Read in after /usr/local/etc/screenrc		$HOME/.screenrc Read in after /usr/local/etc/screenrc
$SCREENDIR/S-<login>		$SCREENDIR/S-<login>
/local/screens/S-<login> Socket directories (default)		/local/screens/S-<login> Socket directories (default)
/usr/tmp/screens/S-<login> Alternate socket directories.		/usr/tmp/screens/S-<login> Alternate socket directories.
<socket directory>/.termcap Written by the "termcap" output functio n		<socket directory>/.termcap Written by the "termcap" output functio n
/usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange or		/usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange or
/tmp/screen-exchange screen `interprocess communication buff er'		/tmp/screen-exchange screen `interprocess communication buff er'
hardcopy.[0-9] Screen images created by the hardcopy f unction		hardcopy.[0-9] Screen images created by the hardcopy f unction
screenlog.[0-9] Output log files created by the log fun ction		screenlog.[0-9] Output log files created by the log fun ction
/usr/lib/terminfo/?/* or		/usr/lib/terminfo/?/* or
/etc/termcap Terminal capability databases		/etc/termcap Terminal capability databases
/etc/utmp Login records		/etc/utmp Login records
$LOCKPRG Program that locks a terminal.		$LOCKPRG Program that locks a terminal.
SEE ALSO
termcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1)
AUTHORS		AUTHORS
Originally created by Oliver Laumann. For a long time maintained and deve loped by Juergen Weigert, Michael		Originally created by Oliver Laumann. For a long time maintained and deve loped by Juergen Weigert, Michael
Schroeder, Micah Cowan and Sadrul Habib Chowdhury. Since 2015 maintained and developed by Amadeusz Slawin-		Schroeder, Micah Cowan and Sadrul Habib Chowdhury. Since 2015 maintained and developed by Amadeusz Slawin-
ski <amade@asmblr.net> and Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.or g>.		ski <amade@asmblr.net> and Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.or g>.
COPYLEFT		COPYLEFT
Copyright (c) 2018-2020		Copyright (c) 2018-2022
Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>		Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>
Amadeusz Slawinski <amade@asmblr.net>		Amadeusz Slawinski <amade@asmblr.net>
Copyright (c) 2015-2017		Copyright (c) 2015-2017
Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>		Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>		Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov@opensuse.org>
Amadeusz Slawinski <amade@asmblr.net>		Amadeusz Slawinski <amade@asmblr.net>
Copyright (c) 2010-2015		Copyright (c) 2010-2015
Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>		Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Sadrul Habib Chowdhury <sadrul@users.sourceforge.net>		Sadrul Habib Chowdhury <sadrul@users.sourceforge.net>
Copyright (c) 2008, 2009		Copyright (c) 2008, 2009
Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>		Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Michael Schroeder <mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>		Michael Schroeder <mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Micah Cowan <micah@cowan.name>		Micah Cowan <micah@cowan.name>
Sadrul Habib Chowdhury <sadrul@users.sourceforge.net>		Sadrul Habib Chowdhury <sadrul@users.sourceforge.net>
Copyright (C) 1993-2003		Copyright (C) 1993-2003
Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>		Juergen Weigert <jnweiger@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Michael Schroeder <mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>		Michael Schroeder <mlschroe@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
Copyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann		Copyright (C) 1987 Oliver Laumann
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it u nder the terms of the GNU General		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it u nder the terms of the GNU General
Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either v ersion 3, or (at your option) any		Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either versi on 3, or (at your option) any
later version.		later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHO UT ANY WARRANTY; without even the		This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHO UT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR POSE. See the GNU General Public		implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
License for more details.		License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along w		You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License alon
ith this program (see the file		g with this program (see the file
COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Tem		COPYING); if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
ple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA		Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA		02111-1307, USA
CONTRIBUTORS		CONTRIBUTORS
Maarten ter Huurne <maarten@treewalker.org>,		Maarten ter Huurne <maarten@treewalker.org>,
Jussi Kukkonen <jussi.kukkonen@intel.com>,		Jussi Kukkonen <jussi.kukkonen@intel.com>,
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>,		Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>,
Thomas Renninger <treen@suse.com>,		Thomas Renninger <treen@suse.com>,
Axel Beckert <abe@deuxchevaux.org>,		Axel Beckert <abe@deuxchevaux.org>,
Ken Beal <kbeal@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com>,		Ken Beal <kbeal@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com>,
Rudolf Koenig <rfkoenig@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,		Rudolf Koenig <rfkoenig@immd4.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,
skipping to change at line 3381		skipping to change at line 3373
David Vrona <dave@sashimi.lcu.com>,		David Vrona <dave@sashimi.lcu.com>,
E. Tye McQueen <tye%spillman.UUCP@uunet.uu.net>,		E. Tye McQueen <tye%spillman.UUCP@uunet.uu.net>,
Matthew Green <mrg@eterna.com.au>,		Matthew Green <mrg@eterna.com.au>,
Christopher Williams <cgw@pobox.com>,		Christopher Williams <cgw@pobox.com>,
Matt Mosley <mattm@access.digex.net>,		Matt Mosley <mattm@access.digex.net>,
Gregory Neil Shapiro <gshapiro@wpi.WPI.EDU>,		Gregory Neil Shapiro <gshapiro@wpi.WPI.EDU>,
Johannes Zellner <johannes@zellner.org>,		Johannes Zellner <johannes@zellner.org>,
Pablo Averbuj <pablo@averbuj.com>.		Pablo Averbuj <pablo@averbuj.com>.
AVAILABILITY		AVAILABILITY
The latest official release of screen available via anonymous ftp from		The latest official release of screen available via anonymous ftp fr
ftp.gnu.org/gnu/screen/ or any		om ftp.gnu.org/gnu/screen/ or any
other GNU distribution site. The home site of screen is savannah.gnu.org		other GNU distribution site. The home page of screen is https://savannah.
/projects/screen/. If you want to		gnu.org/projects/screen/ and the
help, send a note to screen-devel@gnu.org.		git repo is https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/screen.git. If you wan
		t to help, send a note to screen-
		devel@gnu.org.
BUGS		BUGS
· `dm' (delete mode) and `xs' are not handled correctly (they are ignore d). `xn' is treated as a magic-		· `dm' (delete mode) and `xs' are not handled correctly (they are ignore d). `xn' is treated as a magic-
margin indicator.		margin indicator.
· Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters. But t his is the only area where vttest		· Screen has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters. But t his is the only area where vttest
is allowed to fail.		is allowed to fail.
· It is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP when re attaching under a different ter-		· It is not possible to change the environment variable $TERMCAP when re attaching under a different ter-
minal type.		minal type.
· The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding extra capabilities to $TERMCAP may not		· The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding extra capabilities to $TERMCAP may not
have any effects.		have any effects.
· Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.		· Screen does not make use of hardware tabs.
· Screen must be installed as set-uid with owner root on most systems in order to be able to correctly		· Screen must be installed as set-uid with owner root on most systems in order to be able to correctly
change the owner of the tty device file for each window. Special p ermission may also be required to		change the owner of the tty device file for each window. Special p ermission may also be required to
write the file "/etc/utmp".		write the file /etc/utmp.
· Entries in "/etc/utmp" are not removed when screen is killed with SIGK		· Entries in /etc/utmp are not removed when screen is killed with SIGKIL
ILL. This will cause some pro-		L. This will cause some programs
grams (like "w" or "rwho") to advertise that a user is logged on who r		(like "w" or "rwho") to advertise that a user is logged on who really
eally isn't.		isn't.
· Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.		· Screen may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp entry.
· When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach ( or quit) unless the device driver		· When the modem line was hung up, screen may not automatically detach ( or quit) unless the device driver
is configured to send a HANGUP signal. To detach a screen session us e the -D or -d command line		is configured to send a HANGUP signal. To detach a screen session us e the -D or -d command line
option.		option.
· If a password is set, the command line options -d and -D still detach a session without asking.		· If a password is set, the command line options -d and -D still detach a session without asking.
· Both "breaktype" and "defbreaktype" change the break generating met		· Both breaktype and defbreaktype change the break generating method
hod used by all terminal devices.		used by all terminal devices. The
The first should change a window specific setting, where the latter sh		first should change a window specific setting, where the latter should
ould change only the default for		change only the default for new
new windows.		windows.
· When attaching to a multiuser session, the user's .screenrc file is not sourced. Each user's personal		· When attaching to a multiuser session, the user's .screenrc file is not sourced. Each user's personal
settings have to be included in the .screenrc file from which the sess ion is booted, or have to be		settings have to be included in the .screenrc file from which the sess ion is booted, or have to be
changed manually.		changed manually.
· A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the f eatures.		· A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the f eatures.
· Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza t		Send bug-reports, fixes, enhancements, t-shirts, money, beer & pizza to s
o screen-devel@gnu.org.		creen-devel@gnu.org.
		SEE ALSO
		termcap(5), utmp(5), vi(1), captoinfo(1), tic(1), tty(4), pty(7)
4th Berkeley Distribution Feb 2020 SCREEN(1)		GNU Screen 4.9.0 2022 Jan 30 SCREEN(1)
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