"Fossies" - the Fresh Open Source Software Archive  

Source code changes of the file "guide/C/ch_currency.xml" between
gnucash-docs-4.12.tar.gz and gnucash-docs-4.13.tar.gz

About: GnuCash is a personal and small business finance application (documentation).

ch_currency.xml  (gnucash-docs-4.12):ch_currency.xml  (gnucash-docs-4.13)
skipping to change at line 131 skipping to change at line 131
<para>Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with 10 ,000 USD, 10,000 EUR as well as <para>Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with 10 ,000 USD, 10,000 EUR as well as
10,000 HKD in the three bank accounts. Notice that the total of the pare nt accounts only 10,000 HKD in the three bank accounts. Notice that the total of the pare nt accounts only
shows the value of the currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies . In other words, shows the value of the currency of sub-accounts with matching currencies . In other words,
the Total Assets and Total Equity values only reflect USD amounts, becau se &app; has no way the Total Assets and Total Equity values only reflect USD amounts, becau se &app; has no way
of evaluating the value of EUR or HKD yet. Once you set up exchange rate s between the of evaluating the value of EUR or HKD yet. Once you set up exchange rate s between the
currencies, the parent accounts will calculate the converted value of al l sub-accounts. See currencies, the parent accounts will calculate the converted value of al l sub-accounts. See
the later section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1" />) on ways to do thi s. the later section (<xref linkend="currency_howto1" />) on ways to do thi s.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_main1"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_main1">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</phrase> <caption>
</textobject> <para>Initial setup of 3 bank accounts with different currencies.
</para>
<caption> </caption>
<para>Initial setup of 3 bank accounts with different currencies. </mediaobject>
</para> </screenshot>
</caption> </figure>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>Notice that the <guilabel>Total (Report)</guilabel> column is being displayed. This is configured in the column header <para>Notice that the <guilabel>Total (Report)</guilabel> column is being displayed. This is configured in the column header
row, select <guibutton>Arrow down</guibutton> and select <guilabel>Total (USD)</guilabel>. row, select <guibutton>Arrow down</guibutton> and select <guilabel>Total (USD)</guilabel>.
</para> </para>
<sect3 id="currency_acct_user2"> <sect3 id="currency_acct_user2">
<title>User-Defined Currencies</title> <title>User-Defined Currencies</title>
<para>Usually when we talk about currencies, we mean government-backed c urrencies (or more precisely, <para>Usually when we talk about currencies, we mean government-backed c urrencies (or more precisely,
currencies defined in <ulink url="&url-wp-en;ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink >). &app; currencies defined in <ulink url="&url-wp-en;ISO_4217">ISO 4217</ulink >). &app;
skipping to change at line 223 skipping to change at line 221
<para>&app; allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates both manually and automatically. This process <para>&app; allows you to update the Currency Exchange Rates both manually and automatically. This process
is essentially the same as setting share prices for investments (see is essentially the same as setting share prices for investments (see
<xref linkend="invest-stockprice1"/>). In the following two sections we will work through <xref linkend="invest-stockprice1"/>). In the following two sections we will work through
both methods. both methods.
</para> </para>
<para>Before we start, let&rsquo;s have a quick look at the Chart of Accou nts. <para>Before we start, let&rsquo;s have a quick look at the Chart of Accou nts.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_main1a"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_main1a">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main1.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</phrase> <caption>
</textobject> <para>Initial set up of 3 bank accounts with different currencies.
</para>
<caption> </caption>
<para>Initial set up of 3 bank accounts with different currencies. </mediaobject>
</para> </screenshot>
</caption> </figure>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>As you see, the overall balances do not yet reflect any value for EU R or HKD holdings. Adding <para>As you see, the overall balances do not yet reflect any value for EU R or HKD holdings. Adding
currency exchange rates will fix this. currency exchange rates will fix this.
</para> </para>
<sect3 id="currency_howto_Manual"> <sect3 id="currency_howto_Manual">
<title>Manually Updating Exchange Rates</title> <title>Manually Updating Exchange Rates</title>
<para>Open the <guilabel>Price Database</guilabel> by going to <para>Open the <guilabel>Price Database</guilabel> by going to
<menuchoice> <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>. </menuchoice>.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_peditor"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Price Database Window—Still Empty</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_peditor">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_peditor.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
<caption> </imageobject>
<para>Price Database Window—still empty </mediaobject>
</para> </screenshot>
</caption> </figure>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>Click on the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add a new curren cy exchange rate. A window will <para>Click on the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button to add a new curren cy exchange rate. A window will
appear in which you can set up a new exchange rate. This window should appear like this: appear in which you can set up a new exchange rate. This window should appear like this:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_addcurr"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Setup Of Euro Exchange Rate</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_addcurr">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_addcurr.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_addcurr.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Set up Euro Exchange Rate</phrase> <caption>
</textobject> <para>Add Price Database Window
</para>
<caption> </caption>
<para>Add Price Database Window </mediaobject>
</para> </screenshot>
</caption> </figure>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to <guilabel>CURRENCY</guil abel> and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to <guilabel>EUR <para>Set the <guilabel>Namespace</guilabel> to <guilabel>CURRENCY</guil abel> and the <guilabel>Security</guilabel> to <guilabel>EUR
(Euro)</guilabel>. Then set the exchange rate between the selected sec urity and the selected (Euro)</guilabel>. Then set the exchange rate between the selected sec urity and the selected
currency. The <guilabel>Price</guilabel> box defines how many units of currency are required to purchase one currency. The <guilabel>Price</guilabel> box defines how many units of currency are required to purchase one
unit of the security. In this case, how many dollars it will take to p urchase on 1 Euro. In unit of the security. In this case, how many dollars it will take to p urchase on 1 Euro. In
this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1 EUR for 1 USD. this example, you will set the exchange rate to 1 EUR for 1 USD.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Price Database window after setting the exchange rate betwe
<imageobject> en Euros and US Dollars</title>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" <screenshot id="currency_manualpriceadded">
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <mediaobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png"
<caption> srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" width="&img-w;" />
<para>The Price Database window after setting the exchange rate be </imageobject>
tween Euros and US Dollars <imageobject role="fo">
</para> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png"
</caption> srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
</mediaobject> </imageobject>
</screenshot> </mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<screenshot id="currency_main2"> </figure>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main2.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
</imageobject>
<caption> <figure pgwide="1">
<para>Chart of Accounts after setting the exchange rate between Eu <title>Chart of Accounts After Setting The Exchange Rate Between Euro
ro and US Dollar And US Dollar</title>
</para> <screenshot id="currency_main2">
</caption> <mediaobject>
</mediaobject> <imageobject>
</screenshot> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main2.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
</imageobject>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>Observe that since you have no exchange rate for HKD, &app; doesn& rsquo;t convert the HKD accounts <para>Observe that since you have no exchange rate for HKD, &app; doesn& rsquo;t convert the HKD accounts
to USD. This will be added in the next section. to USD. This will be added in the next section.
</para> </para>
</sect3> </sect3>
<sect3 id="currency_howto_Auto"> <sect3 id="currency_howto_Auto">
<title>Automatic Updating Exchange Rates (How-To)</title> <title>Automatic Updating Exchange Rates (How-To)</title>
<para>In the previous section you saw how to manually define a new curre ncy exchange rate, but &app; <para>In the previous section you saw how to manually define a new curre ncy exchange rate, but &app;
includes an automatic price update feature, which will now be describe d. includes an automatic price update feature, which will now be describe d.
</para> </para>
<para>Open the <guilabel>Price Database</guilabel> by going to <para>Open the <guilabel>Price Database</guilabel> by going to
<menuchoice> <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>. </menuchoice>.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_BeforeGetOnline"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Price Database Before Obtaining Online Quotes</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_BeforeGetOnline">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <imageobject role="html">
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" width="&img-w;" />
<caption> </imageobject>
<para>Price Database Window before you obtain online quotes <imageobject role="fo">
</para> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_BeforeGetOnlineQuotes.png"
</caption> srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
</mediaobject> </imageobject>
</screenshot> </mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
<para>Click on the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button to automatic ally load the various exchange <para>Click on the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button to automatic ally load the various exchange
rates you need. rates you need.
</para> </para>
<note> <note>
<para>If the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button is disabled, tha t means that the <para>If the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button is disabled, tha t means that the
<application>Perl</application> module &app-fq; is not <application>Perl</application> module &app-fq; is not
installed. For information on how to install it, please see installed. For information on how to install it, please see
<xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" />. <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" />.
</para> </para>
</note> </note>
<para><screenshot id="currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes"> <figure pgwide="1">
<title>The Price Database After Obtaining Online Quotes</title>
<screenshot id="currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes">
<mediaobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject> <imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" width="&img-w;" />
</imageobject>
<imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png" <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_AfterGetOnlineQuotes.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
</imageobject> </imageobject>
<caption>
<para>Price Database Window after we obtained online quotes
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject> </mediaobject>
</screenshot> </screenshot>
</para> </figure>
<para>&app; downloads exchange rates for all currencies that are in use in your various accounts. This <para>&app; downloads exchange rates for all currencies that are in use in your various accounts. This
will happen every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or request &app; to will happen every time you click on <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> or request &app; to
download quotes as per <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" />. download quotes as per <xref linkend="invest-stockprice-auto2" />.
</para> </para>
<para>Now when you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that &a pp; has automatically converted <para>Now when you check the main Chart of Accounts you will see that &a pp; has automatically converted
the HKD amount to USD amount on the parent accounts that are in USD, a s well as on the the HKD amount to USD amount on the parent accounts that are in USD, a s well as on the
<guilabel>Total (USD)</guilabel> column. Also the Euro accounts have b een been updated with the latest exchange <guilabel>Total (USD)</guilabel> column. Also the Euro accounts have b een been updated with the latest exchange
rate. rate.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_main3.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Chart of Accounts After Obtaining Online Quotes</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_main3.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main3.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_main3.png"
srccredit="Frank H. Ellenberger" />
<caption> </imageobject>
<para>Chart of Accounts after we obtain online quotes </mediaobject>
</para> </screenshot>
</caption> </figure>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect3> </sect3>
<sect3 id="currency_howto_disable"> <sect3 id="currency_howto_disable">
<title>Disabling Exchange Rate Retrieval</title> <title>Disabling Exchange Rate Retrieval</title>
<para>Whenever you create an account that uses a non-default currency, e xchange rate retrieval will be <para>Whenever you create an account that uses a non-default currency, e xchange rate retrieval will be
automatically enabled for that currency. However, if you later delete that account, &app; automatically enabled for that currency. However, if you later delete that account, &app;
will not automatically disable exchange rate retrieval for that curren cy. will not automatically disable exchange rate retrieval for that curren cy.
</para> </para>
skipping to change at line 492 skipping to change at line 485
<note> <note>
<para>The currency of each account is shown in parenthesis. <para>The currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
</para> </para>
</note> </note>
<para>First you need to transfer 10,000 USD to Jamaica, and you use your US bank account (with a <para>First you need to transfer 10,000 USD to Jamaica, and you use your US bank account (with a
balance of 100,000 USD) for that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of 1 USD = 64 JMD, but balance of 100,000 USD) for that. The bank gives you an exchange rate of 1 USD = 64 JMD, but
charges you 150 USD to transfer the money. charges you 150 USD to transfer the money.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Transaction <quote>Currency Transfer To Jamaica</quote></title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_MoveMoney.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Currency transfer</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>Transfer money to Jamaica
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>Select the Jamaica transaction line (9,850.00 USD), right click an d select <guilabel>Edit Exchange <para>Select the Jamaica transaction line (9,850.00 USD), right click an d select <guilabel>Edit Exchange
Rate</guilabel> Rate</guilabel>
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Edit Exchange Rate</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_SetExchangeRate.pn
g"
<textobject> srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<phrase>Edit Exchange rate</phrase> </imageobject>
</textobject> <caption>
<para>In this dialog the exchange rate of a currency transaction
<caption> is specified.
<para>A dialog window where the exchange rate in a currency transa </para>
ction is specified. </caption>
</para> </mediaobject>
</caption> </screenshot>
</mediaobject> </figure>
</screenshot>
<para>As Exchange Rate, you enter 1 USD = 64 JMD, since this is the rate your bank gave. Press ok in the <para>As Exchange Rate, you enter 1 USD = 64 JMD, since this is the rate your bank gave. Press ok in the
Transfer Funds (Edit Exchange Rate) window, and then save this split t ransaction. Below is Transfer Funds (Edit Exchange Rate) window, and then save this split t ransaction. Below is
how it now looks in the main Chart of Accounts. how it now looks in the main Chart of Accounts.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Chart of Accounts before purchasing the boat</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeBoat.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Chart of Accounts before purchasing the boat</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>Chart of Accounts before purchasing the boat
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>You choose to buy a boat for 509,000 JMD. To record this transacti on in &app;, you will need to <para>You choose to buy a boat for 509,000 JMD. To record this transacti on in &app;, you will need to
enter a simple transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis> enter a simple transaction in <emphasis>Assets:Current Assets:Jamaican Bank</emphasis>
withdrawing 509,000 JMD and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed withdrawing 509,000 JMD and transferring it to <emphasis>Assets:Fixed
Assets:Boat</emphasis>. Assets:Boat</emphasis>.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Chart Of Accounts After Purchasing The Boat</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterBoat.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Chart of Accounts after purchasing the boat</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>Chart of Accounts after purchasing the boat
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The Chart of Accounts now reflects that your bank account has been reduced by 509,000 JMD, and that <para>The Chart of Accounts now reflects that your bank account has been reduced by 509,000 JMD, and that
your Fixed Assets boat account has been increased by the same amount. If you also have your Fixed Assets boat account has been increased by the same amount. If you also have
turned on the Chart of Accounts (Column Choice) <guilabel>Total (USD)< /guilabel> you will see the corresponding value in turned on the Chart of Accounts (Column Choice) <guilabel>Total (USD)< /guilabel> you will see the corresponding value in
USD. The USD value will always reflect the latest currency exchange ra te you have either USD. The USD value will always reflect the latest currency exchange ra te you have either
automatically or manually retrieved. automatically or manually retrieved.
</para> </para>
</sect3> </sect3>
<sect3 id="currency_purchase3"> <sect3 id="currency_purchase3">
skipping to change at line 619 skipping to change at line 592
<listitem><simpara>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.H K (0694.HK)</simpara></listitem> <listitem><simpara>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:0694.H K (0694.HK)</simpara></listitem>
<listitem><simpara>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank ( HKD)</simpara></listitem> <listitem><simpara>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank ( HKD)</simpara></listitem>
<listitem><simpara>Equity:Opening Balances:HKD (HKD)</simpara></list item> <listitem><simpara>Equity:Opening Balances:HKD (HKD)</simpara></list item>
<listitem><simpara>Expenses:Commissions:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)</simpara> </listitem> <listitem><simpara>Expenses:Commissions:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)</simpara> </listitem>
<listitem><simpara>Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)</s impara></listitem> <listitem><simpara>Income:Investments:Dividend:Boom:0694.HK (HKD)</s impara></listitem>
</itemizedlist> </itemizedlist>
</para> </para>
<para>The Chart of Accounts looks like this after creating all the neede d accounts: <para>The Chart of Accounts looks like this after creating all the neede d accounts:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Chart of Accounts For International Stocks</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_BeforeStocks.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Chart of Accounts for international stocks</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>Chart of Accounts for international stocks
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The stock definition can be seen in the Security Editor ( <para>The stock definition can be seen in the Security Editor (
<menuchoice> <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Security Editor</guimenuitem> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Security Editor</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice>.) </menuchoice>.)
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>International Securities</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_Commodities.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_Commodities.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>International securities</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>International securities
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>If you have not moved money (50,000 HKD) into the brokerage cash a ccount <para>If you have not moved money (50,000 HKD) into the brokerage cash a ccount
(<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank</emphasis>) , do so now, either (<emphasis>Assets:Investments:Brokerage Accounts:Boom:Bank</emphasis>) , do so now, either
using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account (Currency Transfer). using the Equity (HKD) account, or an existing bank account (Currency Transfer).
</para> </para>
<para>There are two ways to enter the actual purchase transaction: you c an enter it from the cash account <para>There are two ways to enter the actual purchase transaction: you c an enter it from the cash account
(shown below), or you can enter it from the stock account. (shown below), or you can enter it from the stock account.
<note><para>If entered from the stock account, the stock is assumed to be priced in the currency of the parent <note><para>If entered from the stock account, the stock is assumed to be priced in the currency of the parent
account.</para></note> account.</para></note>
skipping to change at line 737 skipping to change at line 698
</row> </row>
</tbody> </tbody>
</tgroup> </tgroup>
</informaltable> </informaltable>
<para>If the exchange rate dialog box does not appear automatically, rig ht-click on the stock row, and <para>If the exchange rate dialog box does not appear automatically, rig ht-click on the stock row, and
select <guilabel>Edit Exchange Rate</guilabel>. Enter the number of sh ares (16,500) as the select <guilabel>Edit Exchange Rate</guilabel>. Enter the number of sh ares (16,500) as the
<guilabel>To Amount</guilabel>. <guilabel>To Amount</guilabel>.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>Transfer Funds</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_ToAmount.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_ToAmount.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Transfer Funds</phrase> <caption>
</textobject> <para>Setting the number of shares in the Transfer Funds dialog
</para>
<caption> </caption>
<para>Setting the number of shares in the Transfer Funds dialog </mediaobject>
</para> </screenshot>
</caption> </figure>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>When you return to the Chart of Accounts, you will see the purchas ed shares reflected in the stock <para>When you return to the Chart of Accounts, you will see the purchas ed shares reflected in the stock
account&rsquo;s total. account&rsquo;s total.
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Purchased international stocks</title>
<imageobject> <screenshot id="currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" /> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_purchase_AfterStocks.png"
srccredit="Bengt Thuree" />
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Purchased international stocks</phrase> <caption>
</textobject> <para>Chart of Accounts is now containing the international stoc
ks
<caption> </para>
<para>Chart of Accounts with some international stocks </caption>
</para> </mediaobject>
</caption> </screenshot>
</mediaobject> </figure>
</screenshot>
<para>However, as you can see, the USD totals may be zero if &app; doesn &rsquo;t have an exchange rate <para>However, as you can see, the USD totals may be zero if &app; doesn &rsquo;t have an exchange rate
between USD and HKD. To fix this, go to between USD and HKD. To fix this, go to
<menuchoice> <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> </menuchoice>
and click the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button to automaticall y retrieve the and click the <guibutton>Get Quotes</guibutton> button to automaticall y retrieve the
exchange rates you need. exchange rates you need.
</para> </para>
skipping to change at line 1103 skipping to change at line 1060
<title>Recording Foreign Currency Transactions with Trading Accounts</titl e> <title>Recording Foreign Currency Transactions with Trading Accounts</titl e>
<sect3 id="currency_trading_account_setup"> <sect3 id="currency_trading_account_setup">
<title>Setup of Accounts for Trading Accounts</title> <title>Setup of Accounts for Trading Accounts</title>
<para>The same account structure used in the manual recording of currenc y transactions in the previous <para>The same account structure used in the manual recording of currenc y transactions in the previous
section is required. The initial account configuration for Assets and Equity accounts are section is required. The initial account configuration for Assets and Equity accounts are
as follows: as follows:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency__trading_acct_setup"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Initial Multicurrency Bank Accounts Setup</title>
<imageobject role="html"> <screenshot id="currency__trading_acct_setup">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_acct_setup.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_acct_setup.png"
srccredit="David Cousens"/>
<imageobject role="fo"> </imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_acct_setup.png" <caption>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> <para>Initial setup of bank accounts in multiple currencies.
</imageobject> </para>
</caption>
<textobject> </mediaobject>
<phrase>Initial multi currency Account Bank Setup</phrase> </screenshot>
</textobject> </figure>
<caption>
<para>Initial setup of bank accounts in multiple currencies.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The following prices were entered in the Price Database ( <para>The following prices were entered in the Price Database (
<menuchoice> <menuchoice>
<guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem> <guimenu>Tools</guimenu><guimenuitem>Price Database</guimenuitem>
</menuchoice> </menuchoice>
) as at Jan. 1, 2020 to convert the account balances for the foreign c urrency accounts to ) as at Jan. 1, 2020 to convert the account balances for the foreign c urrency accounts to
USD: USD:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency__trading_price_database"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Initial Price Database Entries</title>
<imageobject role="html"> <screenshot id="currency__trading_price_database">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_Price_Database_initia <mediaobject>
l.png" <imageobject>
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_Price_Database_init
</imageobject> ial.png"
srccredit="David Cousens"/>
<imageobject role="fo"> </imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_Price_Database_initia <caption>
l.png" <para>Price Database window after setting initial exchange rates
srccredit="David Cousens"/> between USD, HKD and EUR.
</imageobject> </para>
</caption>
<textobject> </mediaobject>
<phrase>The Price Database initial entries</phrase> </screenshot>
</textobject> </figure>
<caption>
<para>Price Database window after setting initial exchange rates b
etween USD, HKD and EUR.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>With the currency prices set as shown, the Accounts tab will now d isplay the values of the foreign <para>With the currency prices set as shown, the Accounts tab will now d isplay the values of the foreign
accounts in USD in the <guilabel>Total(USD)</guilabel> column: accounts in USD in the <guilabel>Total(USD)</guilabel> column:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_acct_setup_2"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Initial Multicurrency Setup After Entering Exchange Rates B
<imageobject role="html"> etween USD, HKD
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_acct_setup_2.png" and EUR</title>
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <screenshot id="currency_trading_acct_setup_2">
</imageobject> <mediaobject>
<imageobject>
<imageobject role="fo"> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_acct_setup_2.png"
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_acct_setup_2.png" srccredit="David Cousens"/>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> </imageobject>
</imageobject> <caption>
<para><guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab after setting exchange r
<textobject> ates to USD.
<phrase>Initial multi currency setup after entering exchange rates </para>
between USD, HKD </caption>
and EUR</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para><guilabel>Accounts</guilabel> tab after setting exchange rat
es to USD.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect3> </sect3>
<sect3 id="currency_trading_transfer"> <sect3 id="currency_trading_transfer">
<title>Transfer of Funds to a Foreign Currency</title> <title>Transfer of Funds to a Foreign Currency</title>
<para>Let us assume we wish to purchase at item in Hong Kong using the H ong Kong bank account for 20,000 <para>Let us assume we wish to purchase at item in Hong Kong using the H ong Kong bank account for 20,000
HKD on Feb. 1, 2020. The current funds in the Hong Kong account are in sufficient and we will HKD on Feb. 1, 2020. The current funds in the Hong Kong account are in sufficient and we will
need to transfer another 10,200 HKD from the US bank account. The exch ange rate at the need to transfer another 10,200 HKD from the US bank account. The exch ange rate at the
time of the transfer is 1 USD = 7.7884 HKD and we will have to transfe r 1,309.64 USD for time of the transfer is 1 USD = 7.7884 HKD and we will have to transfe r 1,309.64 USD for
which the bank charges a 40 USD transfer fee. The transaction to effec t this is created which the bank charges a 40 USD transfer fee. The transaction to effec t this is created
with the <guilabel>Transfer Funds</guilabel> dialog as shown below: with the <guilabel>Transfer Funds</guilabel> dialog as shown below:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency__trading_tfr_dialog"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Transfer Dialog To Create Transaction For Transfer From USD
<imageobject role="html"> To HKD</title>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_funds.png" <screenshot id="currency__trading_tfr_dialog">
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <mediaobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_funds.png"
<imageobject role="fo"> srccredit="David Cousens"/>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_funds.png" </imageobject>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> <caption>
</imageobject> <para>Transfer of 10,200 HKD from US Bank account to Hong Kong b
ank account.
<textobject> </para>
<phrase>Transfer dialog to create transactionfor transfer from USD </caption>
to HKD</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>Transfer of 10,200 HKD from US Bank account to Hong Kong ban
k account.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The <guilabel>Debit Amount</guilabel> has been specified in HKD an d the transaction <guilabel>Amount</guilabel> being transferred in USD. <para>The <guilabel>Debit Amount</guilabel> has been specified in HKD an d the transaction <guilabel>Amount</guilabel> being transferred in USD.
There is no provision to enter the transfer fee in the dialog. On clos ing the dialog the There is no provision to enter the transfer fee in the dialog. On clos ing the dialog the
following transaction as viewed in the US Bank Account register has be en created: following transaction as viewed in the US Bank Account register has be en created:
</para> </para>
<note> <note>
<para><guilabel>Amount</guilabel> entered in the <guilabel>Transfer Fu nds</guilabel> are transferred from the selected <guilabel>Credit <para><guilabel>Amount</guilabel> entered in the <guilabel>Transfer Fu nds</guilabel> are transferred from the selected <guilabel>Credit
Account</guilabel> to the selected <guilabel>Debit Account</guilabel >. And if <guilabel>Debit Amount</guilabel> radio button is selected and the for eign Account</guilabel> to the selected <guilabel>Debit Account</guilabel >. And if <guilabel>Debit Amount</guilabel> radio button is selected and the for eign
currency amounts are entered, the transaction is recorded on the cor rect debit amounts. Whereas if <guilabel>Exchange Rate</guilabel> is selected currency amounts are entered, the transaction is recorded on the cor rect debit amounts. Whereas if <guilabel>Exchange Rate</guilabel> is selected
and entered, the exact value is not often recorded due to the roundi ng errors. and entered, the exact value is not often recorded due to the roundi ng errors.
</para> </para>
</note> </note>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_transfer_trans1"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Transaction After Transfer Displayed in The US Bank Account
<imageobject role="html"> Register</title>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans1.png" <screenshot id="currency_trading_transfer_trans1">
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <mediaobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans1.png
<imageobject role="fo"> "
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans1.png" srccredit="David Cousens" width="&img-w;"/>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> </imageobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans1.png
<textobject> "
<phrase>Transaction after transfer displayed in US Bank account re srccredit="David Cousens"/>
gister</phrase> </imageobject>
</textobject> <caption>
<para>Transaction to transfer from US bank account to Hong Kong
<caption> Bank account after closing transfer
<para>Transaction to transfer from US bank account to Hong Kong Ba dialog.
nk account after closing transfer </para>
dialog. </caption>
</para> </mediaobject>
</caption> </screenshot>
</mediaobject> </figure>
</screenshot>
<para>The transaction can be opened in the US Bank Account register and may then be edited to add splits <para>The transaction can be opened in the US Bank Account register and may then be edited to add splits
for the transfer fee as follows: for the transfer fee as follows:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_transfer_trans2"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Transaction After Adding The Splits For The Transfer Fee</t
<imageobject role="html"> itle>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans2.png" <screenshot id="currency_trading_transfer_trans2">
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <mediaobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans2.png
<imageobject role="fo"> "
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans2.png" srccredit="David Cousens" width="&img-w;"/>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> </imageobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject role="fo">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_transfer_trans2.png
<textobject> "
<phrase>Transaction after adding the splits for the transfer fee</ srccredit="David Cousens"/>
phrase> </imageobject>
</textobject> <caption>
<para>Transaction to transfer from US bank account to Hong Kong
<caption> Bank account after adding the splits for
<para>Transaction to transfer from US bank account to Hong Kong Ba the transaction fee.
nk account after adding the splits for </para>
the transaction fee. </caption>
</para> </mediaobject>
</caption> </screenshot>
</mediaobject> </figure>
</screenshot>
<para>Returning to the Accounts tab we can see the result of the transfe r transaction on the accounts: <para>Returning to the Accounts tab we can see the result of the transfe r transaction on the accounts:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_accts_after_tfr"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Account Tab Balances After Completion Of USD To HKD Transfe
<imageobject role="html"> r</title>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_accts_after_tfr.png" <screenshot id="currency_trading_accts_after_tfr">
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <mediaobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_accts_after_tfr.png
<imageobject role="fo"> "
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_accts_after_tfr.png" srccredit="David Cousens"/>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> </imageobject>
</imageobject> <caption>
<para>Account balances in the Accounts tab after the transfer of
<textobject> funds from the US Bank account to the
<phrase>Account tab balances after completion of USD to HKD transf Hong Kong bank account.
er</phrase> </para>
</textobject> </caption>
</mediaobject>
<caption> </screenshot>
<para>Account balances in the Accounts tab after the transfer of f </figure>
unds from the US Bank account to the
Hong Kong bank account.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The balances of the Asset and Equity accounts are presented with v alues set by the exchange rate <para>The balances of the Asset and Equity accounts are presented with v alues set by the exchange rate
entered in the transaction to transfer funds on Feb. 1, 2020. entered in the transaction to transfer funds on Feb. 1, 2020.
</para> </para>
<para>The trading accounts have been automatically created and the amoun ts of the transfer have been <para>The trading accounts have been automatically created and the amoun ts of the transfer have been
entered into the accounts. There are no entries associated with the pr e-existing opening entered into the accounts. There are no entries associated with the pr e-existing opening
balances of the accounts prior to the transfer. This reflects that the trading accounts balances of the accounts prior to the transfer. This reflects that the trading accounts
only reflect gains and losses since the book was opened. only reflect gains and losses since the book was opened.
</para> </para>
skipping to change at line 1336 skipping to change at line 1252
point no gains or losses have been recorded in the trading of currenci es. point no gains or losses have been recorded in the trading of currenci es.
</para> </para>
<para>The hypothetical purchase in Hong Kong fails to take place and a m onth later on Mar. 1, 2020 the funds <para>The hypothetical purchase in Hong Kong fails to take place and a m onth later on Mar. 1, 2020 the funds
are required in the US account for another purpose. A transfer of 10,2 00.00 HKD is made are required in the US account for another purpose. A transfer of 10,2 00.00 HKD is made
from the Hong Kong bank account back to the US bank account. The excha nge rate at the time from the Hong Kong bank account back to the US bank account. The excha nge rate at the time
of the transfer is 1 USD = 7.7933 HKD and a fee of 20.00 USD is charge d for the transfer. of the transfer is 1 USD = 7.7933 HKD and a fee of 20.00 USD is charge d for the transfer.
The transaction to effect the transfer is as follows: The transaction to effect the transfer is as follows:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_tfr_back"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Transaction To Transfer Funds From Hong Kong To US Bank Acc
<imageobject role="html"> ount</title>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_trf_back.png" <screenshot id="currency_trading_tfr_back">
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <mediaobject>
</imageobject> <imageobject role="html">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_trf_back.png"
<imageobject role="fo"> srccredit="David Cousens" width="&img-w;"/>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_trf_back.png" </imageobject>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> <imageobject role="fo">
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_trf_back.png"
srccredit="David Cousens"/>
<textobject> </imageobject>
<phrase>Transaction to transfer funds from Hong Kong to US Bank ac <caption>
count.</phrase> <para>The transaction transfers 10,200.00 HKD from the Hong Kong
</textobject> Bank account to the US Bank account.
</para>
<caption> </caption>
<para>The transaction transfers 10,200.00 HKD from the Hong Kong B </mediaobject>
ank account to the US Bank account. </screenshot>
</para> </figure>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>After transferring the funds back to the US Bank account, the pric es database entries are as <para>After transferring the funds back to the US Bank account, the pric es database entries are as
follows: follows:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_prices_after_trf_back"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Price database after transfer of funds back to US account</
<imageobject role="html"> title>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_prices_after_trf_back <screenshot id="currency_trading_prices_after_trf_back">
.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_prices_after_trf_ba
ck.png"
<imageobject role="fo"> srccredit="David Cousens"/>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_prices_after_trf_back </imageobject>
.png" <caption>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> <para>The price database showing prices for the transfer of fund
</imageobject> s to HKD and back to USD.
</para>
<textobject> </caption>
<phrase>Price database after transfer of funds back to US account< </mediaobject>
/phrase> </screenshot>
</textobject> </figure>
<caption>
<para>The price database showing prices for the transfer of funds
to HKD and back to USD.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The Accounts tab balances after transferring the funds back are as follows: <para>The Accounts tab balances after transferring the funds back are as follows:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_accts_after_trf_back"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Accounts tab after transfer back</title>
<imageobject role="html"> <screenshot id="currency_trading_accts_after_trf_back">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_accts_after_trf_back. <mediaobject>
png" <imageobject>
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_accts_after_trf_bac
</imageobject> k.png"
srccredit="David Cousens" />
<imageobject role="fo"> </imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_accts_after_trf_back. <caption>
png" <para>State of the accounts after the funds have been transferre
srccredit="David Cousens"/> d back.
</imageobject> </para>
</caption>
<textobject> </mediaobject>
<phrase>Accounts tab after transfer back</phrase> </screenshot>
</textobject> </figure>
<caption>
<para>State of the accounts after the funds have been transferred
back.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
<para>The Assets and Equity balances now reflect the the values of the a ccounts at the exchange rate for <para>The Assets and Equity balances now reflect the the values of the a ccounts at the exchange rate for
the transfer of funds back to the US Bank account. The Trading and CUR RENCY placeholder accounts now indicate a the transfer of funds back to the US Bank account. The Trading and CUR RENCY placeholder accounts now indicate a
modest realized loss of 0.82 USD on the currency transactions. The ass ociated transfer fees appear in the modest realized loss of 0.82 USD on the currency transactions. The ass ociated transfer fees appear in the
Expenses total. Not a profitable exercise but still illustrative. Expenses total. Not a profitable exercise but still illustrative.
</para> </para>
<note> <note>
<para>The gains or losses reported using trading accounts are realized gains and losses. <para>The gains or losses reported using trading accounts are realized gains and losses.
</para> </para>
</note> </note>
<para>Finally we have the balance sheet after the above sequence of tran sactions reporting the Trading <para>Finally we have the balance sheet after the above sequence of tran sactions reporting the Trading
Loss incurred: Loss incurred:
</para> </para>
<screenshot id="currency_trading_balance_sheet"> <figure pgwide="1">
<mediaobject> <title>The Balance Sheet After Above Transactions</title>
<imageobject role="html"> <screenshot id="currency_trading_balance_sheet">
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_balance_sheet.png" <mediaobject>
srccredit="David Cousens" width="510"/> <imageobject>
</imageobject> <imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_balance_sheet.png"
srccredit="David Cousens"/>
<imageobject role="fo"> </imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="figures/currency_trading_balance_sheet.png" <caption>
srccredit="David Cousens"/> <para>Balance Sheet after these transactions reflecting the trad
</imageobject> ing loss incurred.
</para>
<textobject> </caption>
<phrase>Balance sheet after above transactions</phrase> </mediaobject>
</textobject> </screenshot>
</figure>
<caption>
<para>Balance Sheet after these transactions reflecting the tradin
g loss incurred.
</para>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</sect3> </sect3>
</sect2> </sect2>
</sect1> </sect1>
</chapter> </chapter>
 End of changes. 31 change blocks. 
532 lines changed or deleted 428 lines changed or added

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